17 results on '"Hasan, Rana"'
Search Results
2. Determinants of life expectancy in most polluted countries: Exploring the effect of environmental degradation
- Author
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Rasheda Khanam, Rezwanul Hasan Rana, and Mafiz Rahman
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Economics ,Science ,Social Sciences ,Life Expectancy ,Health Economics ,Development Economics ,Population Metrics ,Air Pollution ,Natural Resources ,Economic Growth ,Environmental health ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Humans ,Public and Occupational Health ,Sanitation ,Least-Squares Analysis ,Developing Countries ,Environmental degradation ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Models, Statistical ,Multidisciplinary ,Population Biology ,Drinking Water ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Water Pollution ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Carbon Dioxide ,Middle Aged ,Pollution ,Health Care ,Causality ,Chemistry ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Physical Sciences ,Water Resources ,Life expectancy ,Medicine ,Environmental Pollutants ,Environmental Pollution ,Environmental Health ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Better understanding of the determinants of national life expectancy is crucial for economic development, as a healthy nation is a prerequisite for a wealthy nation. Many socioeconomic, nutritional, lifestyle, genetic and environmental factors can influence a nation’s health and longevity. Environmental degradation is one of the critical determinants of life expectancy, which is still under-researched, as the literature suggests. Objectives This study aims to investigate the determinants of life expectancy in 31 world’s most polluted countries with particular attention on environmental degradation using the World Bank annual data and British Petroleum data over the period of 18 years (2000–2017). Methods The empirical investigation is based on the model of Preston Curve, where panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) and feasible general least square (FGLS) estimates are employed to explore the long-run effects. Pairwise Granger causality test is also used to have short-run causality among the variables of interest, taking into account the cross-sectional dependence test and other essential diagnostic tests. Results The results confirm the existence of the Preston Curve, implying the positive effect of economic growth on life expectancy. Environmental degradation is found as a threat while health expenditure, clean water and improved sanitation affect the life expectancy positively in the sample countries. The causality test results reveal one-way causality from carbon emissions to life expectancy and bidirectional causalities between drinking water and life expectancy and sanitation and life expectancy. Conclusion Our results reveal that environmental degradation is a threat to having improved life expectancy in our sample countries. Based on the results of this study, we recommend that: (1) policy marker of these countries should adopt policies that will reduce carbon emissions and thus will improve public health and productivity; (2) environment-friendly technologies and resources, such as renewable energy, should be used in the production process; (3) healthcare expenditure on a national budget should be increased; and (4) clean drinking water and basic sanitation facilities must be ensured for all people.
- Published
- 2022
3. Financial development and health expenditure nexus: A global perspective
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Rezwanul Hasan Rana, Jeff Gow, and Khorshed Alam
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Estimation ,Economics and Econometrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,050208 finance ,business.industry ,Public health ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Measures of national income and output ,Empirical research ,Accounting ,0502 economics and business ,Health care ,Economics ,medicine ,Per capita ,Demographic economics ,050207 economics ,business ,Welfare ,Finance ,Panel data ,media_common - Abstract
Empirical studies have established that financial development is an essential element of economic growth. It has also been established that rising national income has a positive impact on healthcare expenditure. Therefore, an empirical question is whether financial development increases healthcare expenditure for countries at all income levels. This paper examines the relationship between the level of financial development and healthcare expenditure from a global perspective for countries at different income levels for the period of 1995–2014. Common correlated effects mean group approach was employed to account for unobserved heterogeneity and cross-section dependence in the large panel dataset of 159 countries. Additionally, mean group and fixed-effects estimation approaches were used to measure the robustness of the relationship. The association was tested at different levels by sub-grouping countries based on their income. The results indicate that the relationship between financial development and health expenditure is positive and significant. However, the results fluctuate considerably across income levels. The association becomes trivial when income levels rise, with low-income countries showing stronger correlations. Rising incomes and public health expenditure, foster increasing expenditure on health more in countries with a lower level of corruption. Lastly, the statistical outcomes observed are subject to the choice of estimation techniques. Development in the financial sector influences per capita health expenditure positively, however, the association is more prominent for lower-income countries. Policies are proposed to direct the gains from financial development towards healthcare to maximize society's welfare.
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- 2020
4. The drivers of economic growth in South Asia: evidence from a dynamic system GMM approach
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Mohammad Mafizur Rahman, Suborna Barua, and Rezwanul Hasan Rana
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Inflation ,Estimation ,020209 energy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Energy consumption ,Foreign direct investment ,Gross domestic product ,Capital formation ,Standard error ,0502 economics and business ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Economics ,Econometrics ,050207 economics ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,media_common ,Panel data - Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the drivers of economic growth in South Asia region for the period of 1975–2016 using the World Bank data.Design/methodology/approachPanel corrected standard error (static estimation) approach and one-step system generalised method of moments (dynamic estimation) approach are used.FindingsBoth the static and dynamic estimations indicate that energy use, gross capital formation and remittances are the main drivers of economic growth in South Asian countries. The effects of all these variables are positive and significant. The extent of the effect of energy use is much higher than that of other two variables on the economic growth. A 1 per cent increase in the growth of energy consumption can expedite the gross domestic product growth by approximately 3 per cent in South Asia. However, the key variables, such as trade, government expenditure and foreign direct investment demonstrate no significant effect.Originality/valueThe current research is original in the sense that it investigated the issue with a new data set using improved econometric techniques. Moreover, in South Asia as a whole, this kind of study is totally absent, particularly with panel data of a large number of years. Furthermore, this study has taken into account the problem of heterogeneity and the biases created by cross-section dependence, which were mostly absent in previous studies. Therefore, the findings of this research are new contributions to the existing literature.
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- 2019
5. Health expenditure and gross domestic product: causality analysis by income level
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Rezwanul Hasan Rana, Jeff Gow, and Khorshed Alam
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Cointegration ,business.industry ,Gross Domestic Product ,Health Policy ,Public health ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,Global Health ,Gross domestic product ,Causality ,Models, Economic ,Health care ,Income ,medicine ,Global health ,Economics ,Humans ,Demographic economics ,Health Expenditures ,business ,Income elasticity of demand ,Public finance ,Panel data - Abstract
The empirical findings on the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and health expenditure are diverse. The influence of income levels on this causal relationship is unclear. This study examines if the direction of causality and income elasticity of health expenditure varies with income level. It uses the 1995-2014 panel data of 161 countries divided into four income groups. Unit root, cointegration and causality tests were employed to examine the relationship between GDP and health expenditure. Impulse-response functions and forecast-error variance decomposition tests were conducted to measure the responsiveness of health expenditure to changes in GDP. Finally, the common correlated effects mean group method was used to examine the income elasticity of health expenditure. Findings show that no long-term cointegration exists, and the growth in health expenditure and GDP across income levels has a different causal relationship when cross-sectional dependence in the panel is accounted for. About 43% of the variation in global health expenditure growth can be explained by economic growth. Income shocks affect health expenditure of high-income countries more than lower-income countries. Lastly, the income elasticity of health expenditure is less than one for all income levels. Therefore, healthcare is a necessity. In comparison with markets, governments have greater obligation to provide essential health care services. Such results have noticeable policy implications, especially for low-income countries where GDP growth does not cause increased health expenditure.
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- 2019
6. Accounting for Inequality in India: Evidence from Household Expenditures
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Cain, J. Salcedo, Hasan, Rana, and Magsombol, Rhoda
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Personal income ,Equality ,Business, international ,Economics ,International relations - Abstract
To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.014 Byline: J. Salcedo Cain, Rana Hasan, Rhoda Magsombol Keywords: inequality; poverty; Asia; India Abstract: We utilize household-level consumption expenditure data from India to examine the evolution of inequality during 1983-2004. Various measures of inequality show that inequality levels were relatively stable during 1983-93, but increased during 1993-2004. The increases in inequality have not precluded reductions in poverty, however. They are also more of an urban phenomenon and can be accounted for by increases in returns to education in the urban sector to a considerable extent, especially among households that rely on income from education-intensive services and/or education-intensive occupations. Some of the increases in the returns to education can be linked to economic liberalization undertaken in the 1990s. Author Affiliation: Asian Development Bank, Philippines Article History: Accepted 26 May 2009
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- 2010
7. Health expenditure, child and maternal mortality nexus: a comparative global analysis
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Jeff Gow, Khorshed Alam, and Rezwanul Hasan Rana
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Distributed lag ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Global Health ,Social class ,03 medical and health sciences ,Life Expectancy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Granger causality ,Environmental health ,Infant Mortality ,0502 economics and business ,medicine ,Economics ,Global health ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,050207 economics ,Child ,Models, Statistical ,Public health ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Child mortality ,Maternal Mortality ,Social Class ,Child Mortality ,Life expectancy ,Female ,Health Expenditures ,Research Article ,Panel data - Abstract
Background This paper provides empirical evidence on how the relationship between health expenditure and health outcomes varies across countries at different income levels. Method Heterogeneity and cross-section dependence were controlled for in the panel data which consist of 161 countries over the period 1995–2014. Infant, under-five and maternal mortality along with life expectancy at birth were selected as health outcome measures. Cross-sectional augmented IPS unit root, panel autoregressive distributed lag, Dumitrescu-Hurlin and Toda-Yamamoto approach to Granger causality tests were used to investigate the relationship across four income groups. An impulse response function modelled the impact on health outcomes of negative shocks to health expenditure. Results The results indicate that the health expenditure and health outcome link is stronger for low-income compared to high-income countries. Moreover, rising health expenditure can reduce child mortality but has an insignificant relationship with maternal mortality at all income levels. Lower-income countries are more at risk of adverse impact on health because of negative shocks to health expenditure. Variations in child mortality are better explained by rising health expenditure than maternal mortality. However, the estimated results showed dissimilarity when different assumptions and methods were used. Conclusion The influence of health expenditure on health outcome varies significantly across different income levels except for maternal health. Policymakers should recognize that increasing spending has a minute potential to improve maternal health. Lastly, the results vary significantly due to income level, choice of assumptions (homogeneity, cross-section independence) and estimation techniques used. Therefore, findings of the cross-country panel studies should be interpreted with cautions.
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- 2018
8. Determining the Financial Performance of Non-Life Insurers: Static and Dynamic Panel Evidence from an Emerging Economy
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Bipasha Barua, Suborna Barua, and Rezwanul Hasan Rana
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Macroeconomics ,Estimation ,050208 finance ,Leverage (finance) ,Short run ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Monetary economics ,Market liquidity ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,Profitability index ,050207 economics ,Emerging markets ,Panel data ,Underwriting - Abstract
Non-life insurance companies are an important part of the financial system in any country. Constant development and financial sustainability of these institutions is key to foster the rapidly growing economic activities of emerging economies like Bangladesh. This study made an attempt to establish the impact of different firm-specific factors on profitability using the non-life insurance sector in Bangladesh. A thriving insurance industry, especially in the non-life sector, can accelerate economic growth by mobilizing large funds and providing risk-hedging services to economic activities. This paper investigates the temporary and permanent impact of different firm-specific factors on financial performance, using the case of the non-life insurance sector in Bangladesh: one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Using panel data on 16 non-life insurance companies from 1999 to 2014, this paper utilizes both Static Panel Data (SPD) and Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) estimation techniques. For DPD estimation, a Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator built on an ARDL Framework that can produce short run and long run impacts separately has been employed. In addition to the average impact generated from static estimations, this paper identifies the significant impact of all variables on profitability in the long-term (those of a permanent nature) while the investment ratio shows some impact in the short-term (those of a temporary nature). The results of the study indicate that the average impact is predominantly derived from the long-term and thus appear to be permanent in nature. Moreover, investment ratio contributes positively to profitability, mostly in the short-term (temporarily) with some effects in the long-term. The findings on liquidity and investment ratio suggest the permanent nature of their impact on profitability in the long-term and, hence, insurers are probably better served investing funds in short-term opportunities (e.g. investing in securities) rather than in long-term ones. Lastly, the empirical results regarding the impact of leverage is not clear, as it shows mixed impact in two different estimations, including the permanent nature of negative impact in the long-term. The non-life insurance companies of Bangladesh should implement strong policies to reduce the faulty underwriting procedures to improve the profitability. This paper offers significant contributions to the literature by separately identifying the 'temporary' and 'permanent' impact of several determinants, thereby producing novel estimations for Bangladesh that may have implications for other emerging economies.
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- 2018
9. The impact of imported and domestic technologies on the productivity of firms: panel data evidence from Indian manufacturing firms
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Hasan, Rana
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Business ,Economics - Abstract
This paper estimates production functions using panel data on Indian manufacturing firms. The results indicate a statistically significant impact of imported technologies on productivity, especially on account of imports of disembodied technology. New domestic capital goods also impact productivity positively and, in fact, tend to do so in a wider range of industries. However, the productivity enhancing effects of domestic capital goods appear to owe more to the disembodied technologies imported by producers of domestic capital goods than the R&D they conduct. JEL classification: O14; O33; D24; F14 Keywords: Firm level productivity; Technology; India
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- 2002
10. Policies to support the development of Indonesia's manufacturing sector during 2020-2024: A Joint ADB–BAPPENAS Report
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Anas, Titik, Felipe, Jesus, Foster-McGregor, Neil, Fullwiler, Scott, Hasan, Rana, Khatiwada, Sameer, Lanzafame, Matteo, Verspagen, Bart, and Widyasanti, Amalia
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Economics, Industry and trade, Manufacturing industry ,Economics ,Industry and trade ,Manufacturing industry - Published
- 2019
11. Returns to scale in a highly regulated economy: evidence from Indian firms
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Fikkert, Brian and Hasan, Rana
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India -- Economic policy ,Economies of scale -- Analysis ,Manufacturing industry -- Economic aspects ,Industrial policy -- Analysis ,Business ,Economics - Abstract
This paper examines returns to scale for a panel of Indian manufacturing firms from 1976-1985, a period in which government regulations restricted firms' expansion. Observers have argued that these regulations led to unexploited scale economies in Indian firms, and our estimates lend limited support to this view. Although a large number of firms produce below the minimum efficient scale, average returns to scale for the various industries are not significantly different from one. Our estimates suggest that recent deregulation will not generate significant gains in scale efficiency unless expansion is heavily biased towards growth in the smaller firms. Keywords: Returns to scale; Regulation; Industrial policy; Economic reforms
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- 1998
12. The Determinants of Worker Remittance in Terms of Foreign Factors: The Case of Bangladesh
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Rezwanul Hasan Rana and Rubayyat Hashmi
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Estimation ,Labour economics ,Entrepreneurship ,Social Psychology ,HF5001-6182 ,endogeneity bangladesh ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,Devaluation ,remittance ,Currency ,Economics ,Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) ,Demographic economics ,Consumer price index ,Remittance ,panel study ,Business ,Endogeneity ,Proxy (statistics) - Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of worker remittance of Bangladesh. Instead of traditional approach of estimating the remittance determinants, here we propose to use foreign macroeconomic indicators as a proxy determinant to avoid endogeneity. We also used panel estimation technique in our study to incorporate country specific heterogeneity of remittance inflow of Bangladesh. According our study any changes in the number of labor force, consumer price index, export, import, government expenditure and devaluation or appreciation of host countries (origin of the remittance income) currency can significantly influence the inward remittance income of Bangladesh.
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- 2015
13. Development of a richer measure of health outcomes incorporating the impacts of income inequality, ethnic diversity, and ICT development on health
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Rezwanul Hasan Rana, Jeff Gow, and Khorshed Alam
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Global Health ,Structural equation modeling ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Economic inequality ,Cultural diversity ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,0502 economics and business ,Health care ,Ethnicity ,medicine ,Economics ,Humans ,I31 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,I10 ,Income inequality ,050207 economics ,C33 ,Panel data ,H51 ,business.industry ,Communication ,Research ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Health Policy ,Public health ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Health services research ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Cultural Diversity ,Health Status Disparities ,Health outcomes ,Public health expenditure ,SmartPLS ,Ethnic diversity ,Socioeconomic Factors ,ICT development ,OECD ,Demographic economics ,Information Technology ,business ,C43 - Abstract
Background In the literature, measuring health outcomes usually entails examining one dependent variable using cross-sectional data. Using a combination of mortality and morbidity variables, this study developed a new, richer measure of health outcome. Using the health outcome index, this study investigated the impacts of income inequality, levels of ethnic diversity and information and communication technology (ICT) development on health using panel data. Methods Partial least squares regression based on a structural equation model is used to construct a health outcome index for 30 OECD countries over the period of 2004 to 2015 using SmartPLS software. Then, panel corrected standard errors estimation and pooled ordinary least square regression with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors approaches were used to investigate the key determinants of health outcomes. Both methods are efficient when the panel data is heteroscedastic and the errors are cross-sectional dependent. Results Income inequality, level of ethnic diversity and development in ICT access and use have an adverse effect on health outcomes, however, development in ICT skills has a significant positive impact. Moreover, OECD countries with a higher percentage of publicly funded healthcare showed better public health compared to countries where the percentage is smaller. Finally, rising incomes, development of technologies and tertiary education are key determinants for improving health outcomes. Conclusions The results indicate that countries with higher levels of income inequality and more ethnically diverse populations have lower levels of health outcomes. Policymakers also need to recognise the adverse effect of ICT use on public health and the benefits of public healthcare expenditure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12992-018-0385-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2018
14. Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from a Panel Study on South Asian Countries
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Rezwanul Hasan Rana and Suborna Barua
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South asia ,Cointegration ,Balance of trade ,Broad money ,Fixed effects model ,Monetary economics ,International economics ,Development ,Financial development ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Economics ,Debt ratio ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Panel data - Abstract
The paper examines the relationship between financial development and economic growth using panel data for five emerging South Asian countries - Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The heterogeneous panel data is collected from the World Bank for the period of 1974 to 2012. Economic Growth is represented by GDP growth rate, and for Financial Development, five major variables have been used: (i) Domestic Credit Provided by Financial Sector, (ii) Total Debt Services, (iii) Gross Domestic Savings, (iv) Broad Money, and (v) Trade Balance. Fixed Effect Panel regression model has been used and Time Fixed Effect, Cross Sectional Dependence, Heteroskedasticity, Serial Correlation and Cointegration have been tested for model fitness. The results indicate that growth of total debt services and domestic savings have significant impact on economic development of these countries. Interestingly, broad money, trade balance and domestic credit have no considerable influence on fostering economic growth which is generally unexpected. The paper places several arguments to explain these results. The study appears to be a first hand examination on the South Asian countries and adds new insight into the existing literature. The findings and discussions presented would be valuable in designing long term financial and macroeconomic policies by these countries.
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- 2015
15. Correcting for biases when estimating production functions: an illusion of the laws of algebra?
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Felipe, Jesus, Hasan, Rana, and McCombie, J.S.L.
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Econometric models -- Design and construction ,Production functions (Economics) ,Economics - Abstract
The endogeneity bias that supposedly appears in the estimation of production functions which uses value data is investigated. Findings indicate that there is no econometric solution for the said bias, which means that correcting the problem through new estimators is questionable. The use of physical quantities as the only way to approximate production functions' technological parameters is discussed.
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- 2008
16. Trade Liberalization and Poverty Reduction: New Evidence from Indian States
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Cain, J.Salcedo, Hasan, Rana, and Mitra, Devashish
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Economics ,India, growth, poverty, political reforms - Abstract
As is widely acknowledged, the incidence of poverty in India has declined steadily over the last several decades. What is debated, however, is the pace at which poverty has declined and its relationship with India's economic reforms. In particular, a key concern among policymakers and researchers alike is that trade liberalization undertaken in the early 1990s may have slowed the progress made in reducing poverty. In this paper, we update our previous econometric analysis on the links between trade liberalization and poverty reduction in India. By incorporating measures of poverty based on the 2004-05 consumer expenditure survey carried out by India's National Sample Survey Organisation, we are able to sidestep the controversy-ridden poverty measures based on the 1999-2000 survey. Our new results are in line with the earlier ones in Hasan, Mitra and Ural (2007): States, and regions within states, that were more exposed to trade liberalization on account of their employment structures did not experience slower reduction in poverty; on the contrary, to the extent that we find a statistically significant relationship between trade liberalization and poverty reduction, the evidence points to faster poverty reduction in states and regions experiencing greater increases in exposure to trade. Moreover, this relationship is typically stronger in states with more flexible labor regulations, better quality transportation infrastructure, and more developed financial systems.
- Published
- 2010
17. TRADE REFORMS, LABOR REGULATIONS, AND LABOR-DEMAND ELASTICITIES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDIA.
- Author
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Hasan, Rana, Mitra, Devashish, and Ramaswamy, K.V.
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ECONOMIC research ,STATISTICS ,DELEGATED legislation ,ELASTICITY (Economics) ,MANUFACTURING industries ,LABOR policy ,TRADE regulation ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Using industry-level data disaggregated by states, this paper finds a positive impact of trade liberalization on (the absolute values of) labor demand elasticities in the Indian manufacturing sector. The magnitudes of these elasticities turn out to be negatively related to protection levels that vary across industries and over time. Furthermore, we find that these elasticities are not only larger in size for Indian states with more flexible labor regulations, they are also impacted there to a larger degree by trade reforms. Finally, we find that the reforms have led to a reduction in the share of labor in total output and value added, possibly due to the reduction in the bargaining power of workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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