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2. Japan: The Modernization of an Ancient Culture. Series on Public Issues No. 3.
- Author
-
Wolken, Lawrence C.
- Abstract
This booklet, one of a series of booklets intended to apply economic principles to major social and political issues of the day, traces the modernization of the ancient culture of Japan. Four major areas are covered: (1) "An Ancient Culture" covers the period from the first settling of Japan through the Heian period, the medieval ages, the Meiji restoration, and the development of Japan as a world power. (2) "Postwar Japan" covers the rebuilding of Japan, economic recovery, and social and political change. (3) "Contemporary Japan" deals with Japanese industry, lifetime employment, labor unions and management, production innovations, domestic problems, environmental and social issues, farm subsidies, and budget deficits. (4) "United States-Japan Relations" covers Japanese concerns, trade frictions from the Japanese perspective, government subsidies, Japanese protectionist measures, agriculture, and national defense. A concluding section stresses the need to remove all trade barriers in an atmosphere of mutual understanding. (IS)
- Published
- 1983
3. U.S.-Japanese Relations.
- Author
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McCannon, Bob
- Abstract
Disagrees with the tone and conclusions of the special section on United States-Japan relations in the November-December, 1991 issue. Contends that the national interests of the United States were ignored to avoid "Japan Bashing" over trade and other economic issues. Calls for a more realistic view of Japan's trade policies toward the United States. (CFR)
- Published
- 1993
4. Japanese-U.S. Economic Relations: Perceptions and Reality.
- Author
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Ellington, Lucien
- Abstract
Suggests which perceptions and realities of the complex economic relationship between the United States and Japan are most important. Questions the use of opinion surveys to understand perceptions of U.S. and Japanese citizens about the economic relationship. Discusses characteristics of each nation's economy that inhibit successful economic relations. (DK)
- Published
- 1991
5. The American Industrial Relations System in a Time of Change.
- Author
-
Marshall, Ray
- Abstract
Recent trends that affect the U.S. system of industrial relations are examined. The most important of these is internationalization. The U.S. industrial relations system is compared with that of Europe and Japan, and suggestions for improving our competitiveness in international markets are made. (Author/RM)
- Published
- 1985
6. Japan.
- Author
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Birmingham City Schools, AL. and Jones, Savannah C.
- Abstract
Materials for a secondary level, interdisciplinary social studies course on Japan are divided into introductory information, 14 classroom units, and study and evaluation materials. Introductory material includes lists of objectives and skills, an outline of Japanese history, and an explanation of Japan's name and flag. The units cover the derivation of the Japanese people and language, geography, religion, government, foreign relations, economy, science and technology, environment, transportation and communication, education, family life, Japanese arts, police and criminal justice system, and social customs and rituals. For each unit, resources, objectives, methods, lessons, and a number of student activities are provided. Worksheets are included where necessary. Samples of activities are: practicing Japanese calligraphy, completing maps, writing a research paper, interpreting charts and graphs, visiting a museum of Japanese art, and creating a Japanese garden. A pretest, three tests covering the 14 units, a posttest, a vocabulary guide, and a bibliography conclude the curriculum guide. (LP)
- Published
- 1984
7. Recent Changes in the Labor Content of U. S. International Trade
- Author
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Mitchell, Daniel J. B.
- Abstract
The paper focuses on the changes in the composition of United States exports and imports and the effect of these changes on labor, during the 1965-70 period. (Author)
- Published
- 1975
8. Teaching about Japan in the 1990s: An Introduction.
- Author
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Cogan, John J. and Grossman, David L.
- Abstract
Discusses the influence of Japan on educational reform in the United States. Identifies economic self-interest and global competitiveness as the motivations for increased U.S. instruction about Asia and the Pacific region. Expresses concern that such a competitive outlook is unlikely to produce a global perspective. (DK)
- Published
- 1991
9. Has Abenomics Succeeded in Raising Japan's Inward Foreign Direct Investment?
- Author
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Hoshi, Takeo
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,FOREIGN investments ,COMMERCIAL policy ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Japan is known to have an exceptionally low level of inward foreign direct investment (FDI). The promotion of inward FDI is one of the policy goals of Abenomics structural reforms. This present paper studies the accumulation of Japan's inward FDI stock during the first 3 years of Abenomics (2012-2015), and finds no evidence that Japan's inward FDI stock increased more than the trend before Abenomics started would have predicted. A comparison of the main policies for promoting inward FDI that have been implemented to the real and perceived impediments to inward FDI reveals that it may be advisable to shift the emphasis of the policy to address more regulatory and administrative issues and to reduce the cost of doing business in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Competition and cooperative practices in Sino-Japanese energy and environmental relations: towards an energy security 'risk community'?
- Author
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Wishnick, Elizabeth
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ENERGY conservation ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,CHINA-Japan relations ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This article reexamines the conventional wisdom that characterizes Sino-Japanese energy relations as predominantly competitive, but views Sino-Japanese environmental relations as essentially cooperative. Using sociological theories of risk, it is argued that Sino-Japanese cooperation is more likely in both the energy and environmental areas when common risks are perceived and relative gains are minimized. Despite their many conflicting strategic, political, and economic interests, as energy importers who are vulnerable to supply interruptions in the Middle East and competitors for global energy supplies, China and Japan share common risks to their energy security. Consequently, there actually may be increasing opportunities for China and Japan to address their common concerns through bilateral and multilateral cooperative practices, such as common positions on pricing or energy conservation initiatives. Although one would expect China and Japan to highlight their mutual interests in tackling environmental problems such as air pollution, in fact relative gains often impede cooperation. Japan increasingly views China as an economic competitor and is reducing environmental aid, while China continues to set a priority on economic growth, which sets limits on the use of costlier Japanese green technologies. By examining a selection of scholarly articles, reports and newspaper articles by Chinese and Japanese analysts, as well as material from interviews in Beijing and Tokyo in May-June 2007, the paper shows how environmental and energy issues in Sino-Japanese relations may be framed as threats, requiring counter-measures, or common risks, which can be addressed through cooperative practices. Lastly, the paper discusses the possibility of the development of an energy security 'risk community' as cooperative practices develop between China and Japan. Nonetheless, conflicting political interests, strategies, and self-images, accentuating relative gains, may provide obstacles to their cooperation in both energy security and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The United States, Japan, and the European Union: comparing political economy approaches to China.
- Author
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Wan, Ming
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,GREAT powers (International relations) ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This paper examines US, Japanese, and European political economy approaches to China, and their effect on US-Japan and US-EU relationships. Great powers with a greater security concern in dealing with another major country care more about power while those with less of a concern are preoccupied with calculations for wealth. China's rise and its actions have posed a far greater security challenge to the United States and Japan and are driving the two countries closer together. The political economy game involving China reveals a dominant welfare motive among the advanced market economies. The ambition to transform China politically has diminished. China's integration into the global market makes a relative gains approach difficult to implement. Globalization simply limits the ability of a state to follow a politics-in-command approach in the absence of actual military conflict, which explains why the political economy approaches of the United States, Europe, and Japan are not that different in the scheme of things. China's own grand strategy to reach out to the world to outflank the US-Japan alliance has also contributed to a divergent European policy toward China although there are severe limitations to Beijing's ability to drive a wedge between the United States and Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Securing security through prosperity: the San Francisco System in comparative perspective.
- Author
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Calder, Kent E.
- Subjects
SECURITY systems ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The integrated system of political-economic relations that has prevailed in the Pacific since the September 1951 treaty of peace with Japan, known here as the San Francisco System, is distinctive in comparison with subregional systems elsewhere in the world. This paper outlines key defining features, such as (1) a dense network of bilateral alliances; (2) an absence of multilateral security structures; (3) strong asymmetry in alliance relations, both in security and economics; (4) special precedence to Japan; and (5) liberal trade access to American markets, coupled with relatively limited development assistance. After contrasting this system to analogous arrangements elsewhere, especially in the Atlantic, it explores both the origins and the prognosis of this remarkably durable political-economic entity. Complementary domestic political-economic interests on both sides of the Pacific, reinforcing a brilliant original Japan-centric design by John Foster Dulles, account for persistence, it is argued, while forces for change center on the dynamic emerging role of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Partners and Rivals: Japan and the EU and their Different Concepts of Norm-Driven Development Assistance.
- Author
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Hiroshi, Okuma
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMICS , *HUMANITARIAN assistance , *ECONOMIC development , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Given their economic capacity and tradition as the major providers of Overseas Development Aid, global development policy is an obvious field for much more advanced co-operation between Europe and Japan. However, while there are similar intentions and responsibilities, actual policies and preferences differ. Apart from different regional emphases, there are also different normative considerations that guide European and Japanese development assistance. Japan and Europe seem agree on a philosophy that emphasises humanitarian considerations, an appreciation of the concept of âhuman securityâ, the recognition of global interdependence, environmental conservation and potential for self-help as desirable conditions for development aid. When actual decisions on donations are made, many other considerations, among them traditional notions of regional hegemony and trade interest, seem to guide policy-makers in both regions. The paper looks at shared and differing concepts of Japanese and European development aid and asks whether better co-ordination between the poles could change the global debate on development aid. The paper has a normative agenda which is, however, rooted in a remarkably deep understanding of the practicalities of Japanese ODA. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
14. Money, exchange rates and international business cycle between Japan and the United States.
- Author
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Hamori, Shigeyuki
- Subjects
ECONOMICS ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Focuses on the international business cycle repercussions between Japan and the United States using a vector error correction model (VECM). Role that interdependency between the economic activities of nations play in the modern world economy; Description of an alternative approach to VECM.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Out of chaos comes order: from Japanization to lean production. A critical commentary.
- Author
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Stewart, Paul
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,JAPANESE investments ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to delineate and assess three key approaches to the implications of Japanese involvement in Great Britain and to suggest an alternative to the so-called 'Japanization' school in its various incarnations. Far from seeking to provide anything approaching a definitive account of the full range of participants involved in the discussion over the nature of Japanese inward investment in Great Britain, let alone the character of the debate at an international level, my main priority is to attempt to draw out some basic themes by assessing the continuities and discontinuities in the various positions delineated. These are broadly conceived, far from definitive and of course open to elaboration and debate. The range of material drawn is thus deliberately limited so as to focus primarily on the key participants, if progenitors, mostly in Great Britain.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. RE-CASTING ANTIPATHY: THE INTERNET, GENERATIONAL CHANGE, AND THE SINO-JAPANESE RELATIONSHIP.
- Author
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Calder, Kent E.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNET , *ECONOMICS , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,JAPANESE foreign relations - Abstract
This paper examines the impact that the coming of the Internet and generational change can have, both independently and collectively, on the political economy of a major bilateral relationship in international affairs. It argues that both influences can independently exert positive impact in broadening cross-national familiarity, but that the interactive effects of these two factors can also be quite de-stabilizing. Empirically, the Internet appears to empower young people with an unprecedented access to current developments in Sino-Japanese relations. Yet that access seems to complicate prospects for the sort of elite cross-national bargains that stabilize bilateral relations between one-time adversaries. The sort of political mobilization stimulated by the Internet also inhibits otherwise non-democratic governments like that of China from making pragmatic compromises. The new entrée for non-Establishment groups produced by the Internet in Sino-Japanese relations could ultimately have major implications for bilateral geo-strategic relations more generally, and ultimately for international relations as a whole in future years, it is argued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
17. Japan in 2021: COVID-19 (Again), the Olympics, and a New Administration.
- Author
-
LIFF, ADAM P.
- Subjects
OLYMPIC Games ,ELECTIONS ,COVID-19 ,EXPECTED returns ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ECONOMIC recovery - Abstract
For Japan in 2021, COVID-19-related disruption was again the dominant storyline. Its impact transcended societal consequences to affect Japan’s economy, politics, and foreign affairs. It frustrated Japan’s economic recovery and, for the second time in as many years, contributed to a prime minister’s premature resignation. Yet the year also witnessed major positive developments, including the '2020” Tokyo Olympics/Paralympics; an (eventually) successful vaccine rollout; public health outcomes vastly better than those of any other G7 member; an expected return to economic growth; and a smooth national election. On October 31, new prime minister Kishida Fumio led the ruling LDP–Komeito coalition into Japan's first general election since 2017. Despite losing a few seats, it retained a comfortable lower-house majority, ensuring that a subplot for Japan in 2021 was-again-relative continuity in national politics and foreign affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Japan as a Source of Legal Ideas: A View from the Mekong Subregion of ASEAN.
- Author
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TERAMURA, NOBUMICHI
- Subjects
TELECOMMUNICATION systems ,COMPARATIVE law ,LEGAL aid ,JUSTICE administration - Abstract
Much has been written about Japanese law within the context of Japan. Less is known about the application of Japanese legal models outside Japan. A prevailing view among some commentators is that Japanese law scholarship does not offer insights that are useful beyond Japan-based legal studies. Other scholars challenge this perception by invoking Japan's legal development aid projects in the Mekong subregion of ASEAN--especially in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. These projects have been in operation for over twenty years and aim to foster the economic growth of host countries. This article aligns with the view that Japanese law exists beyond, and is influential outside, Japan. It calls for further action by legal specialists to reexamine and re-assess the corresponding influence of Japanese positive law in these countries, both in improving the transparency of those legal systems and enhancing communication among local, comparative and Japanese law experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Japan in 2020: COVID-19 and the End of the Abe Era.
- Author
-
LIFF, ADAM P.
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,OLYMPIC Games ,JAPANESE history ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,PRIME ministers - Abstract
Japan's leaders began 2020 with grand ambitions to make it a historic year. Tokyo was set to welcome the world for the Summer Olympics, Japan's first since 1964, and Abe Shinzo?, the powerful prime minister, planned to realize his party's 65-year-old dream: revising Japan's never-amended, US-drafted 1947 constitution. By spring, however, it was clear that COVID-19 had other plans. Despite public health outcomes better than in any other G7 member, daily life was severely disrupted, and the domestic political and economic fallout for Japan was significant. By late summer, circumstances were improving, but both Abe's popularity and his personal health had suffered. He resigned in September, ending the longest prime-ministership in Japanese history. Though COVID-19 and the end of the Abe Era were the major storylines of Japan in 2020, a subplot was, paradoxically, remarkable continuity in national politics and foreign affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Power-tech: The Knowledge and Structural Dimesions of rDNA Techonology in the World Economy.
- Author
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Oniya Sr, Yemi
- Subjects
- *
BIOTECHNOLOGY , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *RECOMBINANT DNA , *ECONOMICS , *DIVISION of labor - Abstract
Biotechnology, as a unique technology, has become pervasive in the state-economy and world-society relations and is implicated as a knowledge-driven revolution that will change the direction or future of human life. Biotechnology’s potential for new discoveries to advance human progress through the powerful techniques of recombinant DNA is a powerful tool in the development strategies of nations. Its scientific, productive and financial aspects are sensitive to the dictates of global markets and have a transformative capacity in fostering (with integrated circuits) the next renewed expansion of the world economy. As a high and/or strategic technology (HST) it is capable of promoting growth. It is a phenomenon in possession of a dual novel characteristics ? its evolutionary capability and its unique power of replication or multiplication which, as a high intensity science and/or frontier technology (HISFT), confers on it salient agricultural and medical advantages. It is predicted that by the next twenty years a deluge of products running into trillions of dollars will be produced using rDNA technology. But the importance of science and technology in the international political economy is only meaningful or relevant within their socio-economic and political context. And in their social and political construct emerge as instruments of power and hegemony. The heuristic nature of biotechnology development is that of a structuralist dimension engendered by a world capitalist economy, of a trimodal arrangement of core, semiperiphery, and periphery countries within the international division of labor and production. This structuralist dimension and trimodal arrangement are of intrinsic causal relevance to the ontological analysis of biotechnology development, since as a highly commodified technology it introduces the concept of knowledge as property, and therefore the issues of innovation, transfer and the diffusion of techniques, products and produce become subject to national and international regimes of protection rights. And this commercialization of knowledge, in security and production structures, confers both structural and relational power, and too becomes an important determinant in the race to who becomes the next hegemon among the potential contenders, Japan, the United States, and German-led Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
21. Eastern Europe's Troubles Open Door for Japanese Expansion.
- Author
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Cutts, Robert L.
- Subjects
BUSINESS cycles ,ECONOMIC development ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ECONOMICS ,COMMUNISM ,INTERNATIONAL economic assistance ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,MARKETS ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
The article discusses ways in which difficult changes in Eastern Europe have allowed Japan to become an economic power. Eastern Europe's financial crises have arisen due to troubles transitioning to free markets and capitalism. American policy makers who have acknowledged the financial problems of countries such as the Soviet Union or Germany have also realized they can implant Japanese money in the place of European money. In the same time that communism is on the verge of extinction as a viable species of government, Japan has undergone changes nearly as significant to international relations as those of the Soviet bloc. Advantages to Japan's economic involvement in Western markets are discussed.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Cross-Investment: A Second Front of Economic Rivalry.
- Author
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Encarnation, Dennis J.
- Subjects
JAPAN-United States relations ,BALANCE of trade ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,FOREIGN investments ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,COMPARATIVE advantage (International trade) ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article discusses the impact of Japanese cross-investment on its economic rivalry with the U.S. Since the 1980's Japan has profited from a continuous trade surplus with the U.S. In 1984 manufactured exports from Japan jumped 395 from the previous year to claim approximately $57 billion in the U.S. market. This meant that every American spent an average of $243 on Japanese imports. Between 1979-1984 Japanese direct investments in the U.S. rose to over 33% annually. This rate of increase easily outpaced investments made by every other foreign nation.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Financing Japan's World War II Occupation of Southeast Asia.
- Author
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Huff, Gregg and Majima, Shinobu
- Subjects
MILITARY occupation ,WORLD War II ,PRICE inflation ,ECONOMIC conditions in Southeast Asia ,SOUTHEAST Asian history ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,JAPANESE economic policy ,TWENTIETH century ,ECONOMICS ,HISTORY ,JAPANESE history, 1912-1945 ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This article analyzes how Japan financed its World War II occupation of Southeast Asia, the market-purchased transfer of resources to Japan, and the monetary and inflation consequences of Japanese policies. Occupation was financed principally by printing large quantities of money. While some Southeast Asian countries had high inflation, hyperinflation hardly occurred because of a sustained transactions demand for money and because of Japan's strong enforcement of monetary monopoly. Highly specialized Southeast Asian economies and loss of Japanese merchant shipping limited resource extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Japan and South Korea: Can These Two Nations Work Together?
- Author
-
Cooney, Kevin J. and Scarbrough, Alex
- Subjects
SOUTH Korean foreign relations ,JAPANESE foreign relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,COLLECTIVE memory ,EAST Asia-United States relations ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
South Korea is Japan's most logical ally in East Asia. Both nations share the same primary military benefactor, the United States. Their geographic proximity makes them natural allies in offsetting China's growing power and unknown intentions. In spite of the many reasons to ally, relations remain strained, primarily because of Japan's historical occupation of Korea. In this article, the authors examine the political issues that must be resolved for Japan and South Korea to work together and the potential for such reconciliation in light of South Korea's on-again/off-again drift away from the United States and Japan's open embrace of U.S. protection and occasional political distancing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The influences of economic openness on Japan's balancing item: an empirical note.
- Author
-
Tang, Tuck Cheong
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,ECONOMIC policy ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,COMMERCIAL policy ,ECONOMICS ,BALANCE of trade ,BALANCE of payments ,BALANCE of payments deficit - Abstract
Exploring the factors influencing the balancing item of balance of payments accounts has seldom been a subject of research in international economics. Following Brooks and Fausten (1998), and using Japan's data, this study has empirically examined the influences of economic openness on balancing item. The results of subset VAR (Vector Autoregression) approach, Granger causality test, impulse responses function, and variance decomposition have showed that, to a certain extent, economic openness does influence the behaviour of Japan's balancing item. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Economics and National Strategy: Convergence, Global Networks, and Cooperative Competition.
- Author
-
Golden, James R.
- Subjects
ECONOMICS ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,COLD War, 1945-1991 ,FREE enterprise - Abstract
The article offers information on economics and national strategy of the United States. It is posed that this country needs a national strategy that responds to the central post-cold war political, economic, and military realities. Moreover, in theory , a U. S. national strategy would start with a structure of private activities based on the operation of free markets and then provide a framework for enhancing the use of the nation's resources to gain national objectives derived from enduring national interests. It is also identified that the world's new political structure focuses on a triangle of competing regions that have gained economic growth. These regions are Europe, North America, and Japan.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Japan's Role and Responsibilities in the World Economic System.
- Author
-
Takenaka, Heizo
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,ECONOMIC systems ,JAPAN-United States relations ,ECONOMICS ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,INTERNATIONAL competition ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
The article offers information on the responsibilities that Japan needs to play in response to the substantial structural changes that the world economic system has underwent. In line with this, the author explores the Japan's role in the evolution of the world economic system. He also examines the economic frictions and options on the United States-Japan bilateral relations for an effective management of the problems. It is noted that resolving process of the U.S.-Japan bilateral problems in itself will pave way to a world economic system revolution.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. China's Rise, Japan's Quest and South Korea-US Co-operation.
- Author
-
Fingar, Thomas
- Subjects
GREAT powers (International relations) ,SOUTH Korea-United States relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
An essay on the rise of China as a great power nation, the quest of Japan in terms of security and economy, and the impact of both on South Korea-U.S. co-operation is presented. It discusses the role of the U.S., allies and economic partners in the rise of China, the dependent of China in the global system, concerns on the rise of China, and the need for bilateral and multilateral co-operation to manage the challenges from North Korea.
- Published
- 2014
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