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The study aims to detect the relative impact of the basic advertising elements on attaining advertisement objectives. It also seeks to determine if the location and quality of billboards have an essential moderating impact on the effectiveness of advertising elements concerning their ability to achieve desired advertisement objectives in a developing country such as Jordan.A quantitative survey methodology and an online questionnaire were used to a convenient sample of 450 university students from different academic years and their family members and acquaintances in Amman, Jordan, to achieve the study goals. IBM SPSS version 25 and Smart PLS 3 were used to test the hypotheses. The study revealed a statistically significant impact (p ≤ 0.05) of three billboard advertising elements in achieving the goals of promoting advertisements, namely: headline (t = 3.483), color (t = 2.308), and the number of elements (t = 2.418). However, the study failed to prove the effectiveness of other two elements in achieving these objectives. The analysis did not confirm the effect of moderation of billboard locations and quality between independent variables and billboard’s advertising objectives; however, the location of billboards (independent variable) directly affects the achievement of advertising objectives. The study came up with a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the billboard still has an important impact on customers’ purchasing behavior or power, regardless of the location and the quality of billboards as a moderator variable.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between high-performance work systems (HPWS), sustainable development, and knowledge sharing in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan. In this study it is hypothesized that the ability, motivation, and opportunity (AMO) improving the human resource (HR) practices of SMEs leads to better organizational performance of their employees through the role of knowledge sharing moderation. The results of this study confirm the hypothesis of the causal relationship between AMO practice with sustainable development, and the hypothesis of AMO practice with sustainable development are influenced by knowledge sharing. This study has implications for practice and theory, also can help project managers from these organizations to plan better human resource management (HRM) practices to promote sustainable development through innovation and creative performance of their employees. Therefore, this is one of the first studies to discuss the HRM productivity in AMO practice, and its important role in knowledge sharing.

This study aimed to identify the role of empowerment and Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on Organizational Performance (OP) amongst 13 Jordanian commercial banks. The research adopted a descriptive and analytical approach to highlight the concepts of the study, and analyzed and extracted the results through a random sample of 180 managers and vice-managers. To achieve the objectives of the study a questionnaire was developed to gather the optimum information from the study sample, and based on that, the data was collected, analyzed and tested and the hypotheses were selected by using the smart PLS. The response rate was 74 percent. The results indicated that of all independent variables assessed, empowerment and HRM practices, have positive and significant influence on OP.