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Based on the analysis of survey data of left-behind children in rural areas of Guizhou Province, this paper studies the happiness of left-behind children and explores its interaction and impact with Internet usage behavior and social support. This study uses a sample size of 336 to study the relationship between Internet use, social support and subjective well-being of left-behind children through descriptive statistical analysis. The findings show that economic status has a statistically significant impact on financial well-being, and that the impact of life satisfaction on well-being increases as satisfaction levels increase. However, the frequency and duration of Internet use did not have a significant impact on subjective well-being. On the contrary, research found that content preferences have a positive impact on social support and subjective well-being of left-behind children. Information-based network use can bring more social support, thus improving the life satisfaction of left-behind children. Finally, family support had a significant predictive effect on left-behind children's subjective well-being. Future research can further explore the complex relationship between left-behind children's Internet use, social support and subjective well-being, especially comparative studies in different regions and different cultural backgrounds, to comprehensively understand the formation mechanism of left-behind children's well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject-matter of this paper is the economic situation in selected Eurasian countries affected by armed conflict at the turn of the 21st century. The aim of the paper is to assess the strength and impact of such conflict on the economic development of the affected countries from its outbreak until 2022.

Objective: to determine the impact of socio-demographic factors and characteristics of political and economic changes on corruption.Methods: the work uses the methods of comparative analysis, construction of conjugation tables, and the index method; the information base is the public opinion monitoring data in Vologda oblast, with 1,500 respondents filling in questionnaires at their place of residence. The sample is random and quota; representativeness is ensured by the proportions observed between the residents of settlements of different types, gender and age structure of the population; sampling error does not exceed 3 %.Results: manifestations of corruption have been the subject matter of scientific discourse for quite a long time, but the research approaches have been constantly expanding from the historical, legal, and economic points of view. The article considers corruption as a multidimensional phenomenon and analyzes it from the perspective of an integrative approach, which implies taking into account territorial aspects, socio-demographic factors, and the citizens’ perception of the political and economic situation in the country and in the region. The analysis of the assessment results of the public opinion about the corruption level in the region showed that the authorities and the health care system are the most susceptible to corruption. The assessment of the territorial prevalence of corruption showed that the corruption index values along the “center – periphery” line are higher in the regional center than in the districts. It was also revealed that differences in the socio-demographic characteristics insignificantly influence the perception of changes in the corruption level, unlike the perception of corruption depending on the economic and political situation in the region.Scientific novelty: Based on the analysis of the results of the corruption level monitoring in the region, it is shown that positive assessments of the political and economic situation are associated with an unchanged or decreased level of corruption perception. Hence, good and very good assessments of the economic situation were more often associated with a decrease in the corruption level last year.Practical significance: the identified links between corruption, socio-demographic, political and economic factors can serve as a basis for adjusting and improving anti-corruption policy at the regional and state level.

Copyright of China Mining Magazine is the property of China Mining Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Enterprises are currently facing difficult decisions due to the threats caused by the ongoing economic crisis, the war in Ukraine, and inflation. Due to broken supply chains, companies are struggling with rising costs and problems in the supply of raw materials. The economies have turned towards local markets. Companies are looking for ways to become independent from global suppliers and are trying to look for those who offer similar goods but in closer proximity to diversify supplies. Difficulties in recruiting appropriate staff cause problems related to staff turnover and changes in the organizational culture of the company. The research shows that companies focus less on strategies for entering new markets and focus on waiting out the difficult period and generating as few losses as possible. Companies that were already struggling with problems and did not manage to return to the pre-pandemic state after the pandemic are starting to implement a strategy of survival in the market. As research by other researchers indicates, innovation and the creation of new products are strongly related to the crisis. Companies, faced with changing market rules, are looking for new solutions. Companies that have been operating in the market longer cope better with changes and are more prepared for crises than young enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic & Regional Studies/Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Management & Quality / Zarządzanie i Jakość is the property of Scientific Society of Organization & Management / Towarzystwo Naukowe Organizacji i Kierownictwa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The economic challenges faced by Indonesia for the past couple of years, including substantial losses and a rise in bankruptcies, coupled with the ongoing impact of global tensions between Russia and Ukraine, underscore the crucial role of entrepreneurs in mitigating unemployment and fostering economic recovery. This study uses non-probability purposive sampling towards 205 students. This study uses partial least square through SmartPLS to analyze the results. The research examined the relationship between personality traits, self-efficacy, parental background, economic situation and entrepreneurial despondency among Generation Z. Among personality traits dimensions, risk-taking propensity was found to have no impact on entrepreneurial despondency, innovativeness was found to have no impact on entrepreneurial despondency, and optimism was found to have a negative impact on entrepreneurial despondency. Self-efficacy found to have a negative impact on entrepreneurial despondency. The impact of risk-taking propensity, innovativeness and optimism on entrepreneurial despondency were mediated by self-efficacy. Parental background was found to have no impact on entrepreneurial despondency and did not moderate the effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial despondency. Economic situation was found to have a negative impact on entrepreneurial despondency but failed to moderate the effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial despondency. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of the factors influencing Generation Z's entrepreneurial intentions, offering insights for educators and policymakers seeking to enhance Generation Z's entrepreneurial inclination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of External Economic Bulletin / Külgazdaság is the property of KOPINT Konjunktura Kutatasi Alapitvany and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The economic challenges faced by Indonesia for the past couple of years, including substantial losses and a rise in bankruptcies, coupled with the ongoing impact of global tensions between Russia and Ukraine, underscore the crucial role of entrepreneurs in mitigating unemployment and fostering economic recovery. This study uses non-probability purposive sampling towards 205 students. This study uses partial least square through SmartPLS to analyze the results. The research examined the relationship between personality traits, self-efficacy, parental background, economic situation and entrepreneurial despondency among Generation Z. Among personality traits dimensions, risk-taking propensity was found to have no impact on entrepreneurial despondency, innovativeness was found to have no impact on entrepreneurial despondency, and optimism was found to have a negative impact on entrepreneurial despondency. Self-efficacy found to have a negative impact on entrepreneurial despondency. The impact of risk-taking propensity, innovativeness and optimism on entrepreneurial despondency were mediated by self-efficacy. Parental background was found to have no impact on entrepreneurial despondency and did not moderate the effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial despondency. Economic situation was found to have a negative impact on entrepreneurial despondency but failed to moderate the effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial despondency. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of the factors influencing Generation Z's entrepreneurial intentions, offering insights for educators and policymakers seeking to enhance Generation Z's entrepreneurial inclination.

This paper aims to study the role of deviation from a balanced time perspective in the broader context of COVID-19-related variables. We examined a structural model that depicted how the difficulty with adhering to COVID-19 restrictions and their psycho-socio-economic consequences were related to life satisfaction in a sample of 1,423 participants. The results suggest that the difficulty with adhering to the anti-pandemic measures was associated with increased loneliness, decreased contentment with the authorities' management of the pandemic situation and a worsened personal economic situation. These factors were related to higher levels of COVID-19-related stress and anxiety and lower levels of life satisfaction. Importantly, deviation from the balanced time perspective was one of the strongest predictors of overall life satisfaction within the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of WISTA Wirtschaft und Statistik is the property of Statistisches Bundesamt and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the study is to assess the economic situation of FADN farms, 2018-2022. The assessment was made in agricultural types such as field crops, horticultural crops, permanent crops, dairy cows, livestock, pigs, poultry, mixed. The period under study is characterized by an increase in the price of agricultural inputs. It turns out that FADN farms, despite this, did not record a reduction in their nominal income between 2018 and 2022. Poultry farms fared best in this regard. Nominal incomes above parity were achieved by farms classified as agricultural types: horticultural crops, dairy cows and pigs. Parity income was not achieved by FADN farms engaged in: field crops, grassland animals and mixed farming. The highest economic efficiency, in the surveyed years 2018-2022, was characterized by poultry farms, as evidenced by the almost 77% relationship between operating inflows and operating outflows. Pig farms achieved this type of relationship, in the years under study, at almost 70%. Equally high economic efficiency was obtained by horticultural farms, among which the analogous relation in the years under study was almost 64%. Relatively the weakest economic efficiency was achieved by farms engaged in permanent crops, the ratio of payments to operating disbursements, in this case, was about 45%.

The article presents the most current economic situation in United Kingdom of Great Britain. It shows cost of living which currently facing adults in UK, increase in young people not in training, employment or education, current social spendings, rising cost of living students in the UK, average wages, rise of inflation, retail volume raise, businesses suffer a drop in performance, GDP grow in last three months in England, long term sickness rise in economic inactivity. It was done comparison according to Economic Situation in Poland based on available data base. The information in the ONS report will help to: • see the strengths and data limitations; • learn about current uses and data users; • have a clear the used methods to data creating; • to decide appropriate apply for the data; • minimize the risk of data misusing.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all societies, and its effects relate not only to physical health but also to mental health, social relations, and the economic situation of the population all over the world. This research aims at studying the perceptions of changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in mental health, economic situation, and social relations among Polish and Portuguese young. The present study also sought to assess the perception of change during the pandemic in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Polish and Portuguese young adults. Methods: A sample of young adults (aged 18–29) from Poland (n = 330) and Portugal (n = 189) filled in an online questionnaire composed of the EQ-5D-5L, some questions from the SHARE COVID-19 questionnaire regarding mental health, social relations, and economic situation, and sociodemographic details. Descriptive analyses, χ2 tests, Student’s t test, and Fisher’s exact test were used to study the existence of differences between Poles and Portuguese. Results: Almost 2 years after the beginning of the pandemic, Polish and Portuguese respondents reported a perceived lower level of HRQoL in comparison to the times before the outbreak of COVID-19. Both Polish and Portuguese respondents perceived an increase in sleeping problems since the outbreak and in loneliness. Respondents from both countries reported a perception of a decrease in the frequency of meeting other people and a perceived economic deterioration. Conclusion: The results indicate what factors are contributing to the worsening of the general living situation of the respondents and show that governments and health authorities should, in addition to the medical consequences of the virus, take the necessary measures to mitigate the long-term consequences of the virus. Authorities should, as well, pay special attention to the group of young adults who, in this uncertain time, are trying to make the most important decisions for their development.

Copyright of Al-Muntaqa: New Perspectives on Arab Studies is the property of Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was carried out to design a concept for developing the coal industry in the Far North of the Russian Federation. The concept is based on an assessment of the region’s prospects for the industrial development and the specific features of local coal mining. The object of the study was a set of licensed companies operating coal deposits in the Far North. The subject of the study was a long-term development concept for such companies. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the economic potential of the Far North of Russia is not fully realized. One of the promising areas for the development of the region is the creation of new coal production and processing centers. The diverse coal compositions in the Far North make it possible to produce advanced carbon products, which is an alternative direction for the use of solid fuels in the conditions of the fourth energy transition accompanied by a decrease in the role of coal in the energy sector. The article presents the results of an analysis of the current situation in the coal industry of the Far North. The analysis covers such aspects as the distribution of coal reserves, the locations of coal mine operators, their production and economic indicators, and their relationships with the external environment. Based on the results of the analysis, proposals for the development of the industry in the short and long term are formulated. The study’s novelty lies in the concretization of the list of coal mining companies operating in the Far North, the analysis of their economic indicators for the period from 2018 to 2021, and the presentation of a new concept for the development of such businesses. The study identified a lower level of coal deposit development in the Far North compared to other regions of Russia, an increase in the contribution of mining companies operating in the Far North regions to the total financial output of the coal industry, and factors limiting the growth rate of coal production in the northern areas, including the limited scope of distribution channels for end products.

Copyright of Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists is the property of Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic suggest an increase in major depressive disorder (MDD) among younger adults. The current study aims to assess the association of age groups and MDD risk before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and quantify the effect of potential mediating variables such as loneliness, social support, resilience, and socioeconomic factors. A representative sample of Spanish adults was interviewed before (2019, N = 1880) and during (2020, N = 1103) the COVID-19 pandemic. MDD was assessed using the CIDI, loneliness through the UCLA scale, social support through the OSSS-3, resilience with the 6-BRS, and worsened economic circumstances and unemployment through a single question. Mixed-models were used to study changes in MDD by age group. Regression models were constructed to quantify the association between age and potential mediators, as well as their mediating effect on the association between age group and MDD. Among the younger age cohorts (18-29 and 30-44 years) the probability of having MDD during the pandemic increased from 0.04 (95 % CI: 0.002-0.09) to 0.25 (0.12-0.39) and from 0.02 (-0.001-0.03) to 0.11 (0.04-0.17), respectively. Some 36.6 % of the association between age and risk of MDD during the pandemic was explained by loneliness (12.0 %), low resilience (10.7 %), and worsened economic situation (13.9 %). Reliance on self-report data and generalizability of the findings limited to the Spanish population. Strategies to decrease the impact of a pandemic on depressive symptoms among young adults should address loneliness, provide tools to improve resilience, and enjoy improved financial support. [Display omitted] • Depression increased among younger individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. • Young adults were lonelier, less resilient, and had a worse economic situation. • Loneliness, resilience, and economy explained the age-depression risk relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Statistician / Wiadomości Statystyczne is the property of State Treasury - Statistics Poland and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This scientific research work deals with the economic situation in Pančevo from 1944 to 1990. The time margins of the research were set in order to attempt to periodize the economic development (therefore the ups and downs) of the city. Although the term economy is very complex and extensive, in this paper it was used as a collective term for a handful of connected phenomena, from which industry, economy and inflation are singled out. Therefore, this research should be the most authentic representation of the economic conditions of the city of Pančevo, through which we follow its development over the decades. The goal of the research is to understand what the economic situation was like in the aforementioned period, as well as to find out how the inhabitants of Pančevo actually lived, in this city whose past was marked by heavy industry. The paper highlights one of the key problems that were current in the city during the research period. Since there are no existing works on this topic in the Pančevo area during the observed period, and considering the topic’s scope, the research process had to be comprehensive. Professional literature together with historical material forms the most important part of the research, which is rounded off with field work using electronic content and collecting oral sources from a certain number of citizens of Pančevo. Of course, all the collected data was carried out through a critical apparatus. The city’s public finances, which include taxes, income, expenses, etc are outside of the scope of this paper.

The purpose of the article is to disclose the essence of criminological protection of public relations; to differentiate the areas of criminological protection of economic security; to provide proposals for improving criminological science with regard to the protection of public relations in the economic sphere. The scientific discussion on the problem of improving the mechanism of criminological provision of economic security in Ukraine is presented. The author's vision of the essence and content of criminological protection is formulated. Due attention is focused on the institutional provision of economic security protection, which is represented in the totality of activities of regulatory institutions, which is implemented through the performance of specific functions in the economic sphere. The organizational and managerial sphere of criminological protection of economic security is characterized. Its activity is aimed at creating a mechanism for counteracting and protecting the economy from criminal manifestations, which includes a set of measures aimed at timely impact on criminogenic threats and risks in the economy. A number of problematic aspects that hinder the development of the Ukrainian economy are identified: 1) lack of an established system of protection of information activity, which, as a result, can potentially destabilize the economic sphere; 2) absence of specific measures and means of criminological influence on economic criminal unlawful activity; 3) low level of protection against criminal offenses in the sphere of economy committed with the help of computer technologies; 4) lack of a unified approach to the strategy of prevention of economic criminal offenses. Results. The definition of criminological protection is proposed. It is established that the criminological provision of economic security should be aimed primarily at eliminating general social determinants, such as increasing the investment attractiveness of the national economy, improving tax culture, simplifying customs procedures, forecasting market conditions, globalization of stock markets, etc. It is proved that the improvement of criminological provision of economic security can be realized through the following: development of the information system in terms of creating a single unified platform for monitoring the economic situation in the country and forecasting potential risks; improvement of coordination of activities of economic security and criminal protection entities in terms of reducing competition and conflict of interest; increasing the level of international and European cooperation in terms of criminological protection and ensuring economic security; synchronization of national and foreign criminological policy in terms of ensuring economic security.

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia is the property of Wydawnictwo SGGW and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of External Economic Bulletin / Külgazdaság is the property of KOPINT Konjunktura Kutatasi Alapitvany and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intergenerational income mobility has attracted the interest of many economists for—among other reasons—its role as a mechanism for reducing inequalities and achieving equal opportunities. In this paper, we analyse the intergenerational mobility of income in Spain in the years 2005 and 2011, located at different phases of the economic cycle. We use proxy variables (the economic situation of the household during the adolescence of the informant and the educational level achieved by parents) to study intergenerational income mobility, because there are not extant surveys with income information from parents and their descendants when they are part of a different household. With these variables, we try to verify the existence and degree of mobility by analysing different methodologies. The results suggest the existence of mobility in the two studied years, although a trend towards a reduction in intergenerational mobility is confirmed, already detected by other authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to social transformation, economic reform, and the advent of an aging society, the number of disadvantaged older adults in China is increasing. The living conditions of the disadvantaged older adult groups determine society’s stability to a certain extent. How to make their lives happier in their old age, promote their subjective well-being, and realize the “enjoyment of the older adults” is of great practical significance in improving social civilization and building a harmonious society.This study uses questionnaires to obtain survey data from the lower counties of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, where there is a high concentration of older learners, and used SPSS 27.0 software to process the data. The results indicated the following: the subjective well-being of disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged older adults differed significantly; learning engagement had a significant effect on enhancing the subjective well-being of disadvantaged older adults, and all dimensions of learning engagement had a significant positive relationship with subjective well-being (SWB). Compared to non-disadvantaged older adults, learning engagement had a more significant contribution to the SWB of disadvantaged older adults.

Today, the external debt tends to grow, and the full-scale war with the Russian Federation in 2022 introduces many forced changes in the regulation and management of external government debt in Ukraine, along with changes in external and internal factors that affect the economy of Ukraine, its diplomatic relations with other states, and consequently the external government debt, so this study is of great relevance. The purpose of the study is to consider the external debt of Ukraine and its features. To identify the main problems that arise in the regulation of public relations related to government debt. To establish factors that affect the national debt of Ukraine. To disclose the concept, content, and the main signs of government debt. In the study, a set of scientific methods was applied: system, induction, deduction analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, and bibliographic. The scientific originality lies in the fact that based on the results of the study, a holistic view of the features of Ukraine’s external debt in current conditions was developed. Its concept, content, principles, and main features were analysed and covered. The factors of external government debt that affect it were established: the quality of legislation, the state economy, the level of public confidence in the country, currency stability, war, pandemic, diplomatic relations with foreign partners, etc. Recommendations for minimising it were developed. It was proposed to exert influence in a comprehensive way – both from the economic and legislative sides, building productive relations with other countries and international organisations. Moreover, to promote transparency in the use of borrowed funds and adopt a separate law that would regulate public relations related to the state debt of Ukraine. The features of regulation and management of external government debt during the war were highlighted. It was proposed to develop methods that allow using the borrowed funds more efficiently. The practical value of the study is that the investigation and analysis of the budget process can be the basis for improving national financial legislation, as some proposals were formulated to amend the current legislation of Ukraine. In addition, the results of the study on the budget process can be used in scientific activities for further consideration of the problems of legal regulation of the budget process

The article forms a vision of the impact of the economic situation on the choice of higher education institutions of the appropriate model of vocational training. The level of demand for educational services in accordance with the change of their consumers, effective demand in the labor market, the specifics of the global pandemic COVID-19, which led to the emergence of blended learning. The multifaceted nature of development is highlighted. Studies of the state of national education over the past five school years have confirmed its abrupt nature due to the influence of demographic, economic, political factors and the growth of services provided. The current trends in education and its new trends are highlighted: digitalization, prioritization, microlearning, visualization, humanization, immersive learning, additional online educational profession, editing, balance and well-being, proactivity. As an integral part of the educational process, the online format has become the basis for the emergence of blended (hybrid) learning. Applicants for higher education become active participants in the learning process. Changing pedagogical technologies that adapt to the challenges of blended learning have affected the use of digital tools and shifted the emphasis to the active position of higher education seekers. The emergence of a new model of education as a set of learning formats, pedagogical approaches, tools for their implementation requires the restructuring of the educational process. In this sense, it is important to ensure an individual educational trajectory, which makes it necessary to propose such a trajectory and internal perception of its choice. The stages of preparation of various forms of classes for online classes are considered. The detailed algorithm of preparation of educational and methodical materials on the Google Classroom platform is given; selection of the system of notification of applicants; formation of information about the organizational content of the discipline and other auxiliary components. The specifics of preparing and conducting an online lecture with the selection of elements that distinguish it from the offline format are analyzed. The rules of preparation for a practical lesson as a complex process are given. Features of preparation for modular tests, consultations and online exam are considered. It is established that any model of training is associated with the cost of its implementation, which necessitates a change in the structure of these costs for each entity under the influence of economic and political factors and increase the share of costs for technical support of distance learning.

Copyright of Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia) is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The economic situation in the United States in 2022 is shown. The most important macroeconomic indicators, including consumer expenses of the American population, demand for housing, investment expenditures, the labor market, inflation, foreign trade, and government economic policy, are analyzed. The forecast estimations of economic development for the foreseeable future, comparing different scenarios of economic development, are presented. It is indicated that, despite general optimistic forecasts for the US economy, there are some apprehensions concerning a new recession next year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to outline the relationship between income and assets when taking into account selected models of farms' functioning. The following farm models are examined: traditional, industrial, sustainable, and organic. Panel models were used that were based on the results of individual unpublished data for farms in Poland that undertook agricultural accounting according to the Farm Accounting Data Network (FADN) principles from 2004 to 2019. It was found that industrial farms had the clearest income-assets relationship, while traditional farms had the least clear relationship. The value of land, as a component of assets, was found to weaken the income-assets relationship. In consequence, the value of assets increased faster than income. Thus, the farmers are becoming wealthier in terms of the value of their assets, but this is not reflected in their income.

The article is aimed at studying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economies of the countries of the world. The main consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the economy are considered. It is noted that the outbreak of the pandemic has become one of the most serious threats to the world economy and financial markets. It is determined that concerns about the impact of the pandemic on the world economy have shaken markets around the world, in particular, stock prices and bond yields have fallen sharply. The main consequences of the pandemic for the world economy are currently the following: the fall in exchange indices; significant decline in oil prices and slowing development of the metals market; reduction of production; significant decrease in revenues of airlines and maritime transport, shopping and entertainment centers, tourism industry; decrease in incomes of the population; growth of profits of the pharmaceutical industry and the global gaming, educational and other online applications industry; increased investor demand for less risky assets. In such a situation the paces of the economic growth of both the majority of countries and the world economy in general at the present time are slowed down. This situation demonstrates the need to make informed decisions by the governments of the world and local authorities, which, in close cooperation with leading experts, the corporate sector and the population, should implement an effective socio-economic policy both in the context of lock-down and in the subsequent months after its completion. The main possible methods of mitigating the effects of the pandemic on the economies of developing countries are considered. Recommendations on possible measures aimed at reducing the impact of the pandemic on the economies of countries in the global dimension are presented. Prospects for further research are to analyze the economic consequences of lock-down, losses of the world economy after overcoming coronavirus disease and real measures that have been taken to stabilize the financial and economic situation at both the micro and macro levels.

In order to improve the forecasting accuracy of economic situation, a government economic situation forecasting method based on big data analysis is proposed. According to the hardware structure of the system, STC12C5608AD is used as the data acquisition terminal chip to simplify the circuit. The proposed forecasting method can give real-time early warning to the government's economic situation. The software part screens the influencing factors of government economic development, constructs a government economic development index system, collects government economic index data, cleans, clusters, classifies, and standardizes the government economic index data, and extracts the preprocessed government economic index data from the preprocessed government economic index data through data mining. The economic development features are extracted and then input into the neural network. After training and learning, the predicted value of the economic situation is output, and the economic situation level is classified. The experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the error rate of economic situation forecast, shortens the forecast time, improves the forecast accuracy and efficiency, with the peak error ratio not exceeding 15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct payments are a main pillar of support to agriculture and farmers' incomes under the CAP. The concept of direct payments distributed through the Single Area Payment Scheme (SAPS) predetermines their external orientation towards the rural areas and regions, where the major part of the land resources are concentrated. In view of this, although direct payments are envisaged as a tool to support farmers' incomes, the expectations and perceptions of local communities are to boost up and foster the economic and social situation in rural areas. The main objective of the analysis is to investigate how far and to what extent subsidies positively favor the economic situation in rural areas and to scrutinize the reasons for the findings. On the basis of comparative, descriptive and deterministic analysis, a study of the relationships between key parameters of economic development and direct payments as well as the retrospective comparative review of the development of rural and non-rural areas are done to demonstrate the impact of direct payments on rural economic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus two years ago strongly affected economic life and labour markets around the world. The pandemic affected many sectors, including the mining industry. Coal companies have had to cope with the challenges and adapt their operations to the situation. Due to the peculiarities of the mines, not only to the hazardous factors and conditions prevailing underground but also to the large number of employees who usually move in groups in the plants, the emergence of a new threat caused by a biological agent posed a real challenge for them. The aim of this paper was to present the initiatives and measures taken in the coal mining sector to ensure the safety of workers during a pandemic. The guidelines for the operation of mining plants during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic were analysed, as well as the identification of locations in mining plants particularly vulnerable to infection with the virus. We also presented how the pandemic period affected the operations of a selected coal company in Poland from an economic point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide political parties devote more than half of their budgets to communication campaigns. Yet research on political behavior is not unanimous as to the effect of political campaign communications on the electorate. Certain studies interpret the discrepancy by indicating that individual characteristics may modulate the way citizens perceive political campaigns. The current study is the first to resort to neuroimaging (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, fMRI) to explore to what extent two characteristics of the electorate, namely level of political involvement and perception of the economic context, affect the neural processing when exposed to political messages, notably corruption and positive practices. The data reveals that more politically sophisticated citizens experience greater activation of the brain regions linked to aversion and negative processing while viewing messages exposing corruption. Their reward circuit is not, moreover, activated more strongly when exposed to positive political actions. Interestingly, citizens with a better perception of the economic situation reveal stronger activation while exposed to positive political messages in brain regions linked to self-relevance and rewarding properties. The current analysis therefore represents the first neuroimaging study to reveal the psychological mechanisms by which individual characteristics of the electorate affect the processing of political communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of female spinsterhood is one of the social problems that spread in societies where wars abound and the economic, health and social reality deteriorates, especially in Arab societies in general and the study area in particular. The research aims to reveal the phenomenon of delayed female marriage in the city of Al-Amarah during the year (2021), and to know the demographic, economic and social characteristics of spinster females. Among the economic, social, health, personal and other reasons contributed to the males’ reluctance to marry and the rise of spinsterhood, and knowing the most important reasons for the delay in female marriage necessitated the development of solutions to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes in people's mental health have become one of the hot topics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents have been said to be among the most vulnerable groups in terms of the imposed anti-pandemic measures. The present paper analyzes the trends in mental health indicators in a sample of Slovak parents (N = 363) who participated in four waves of data collection over a year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic. The mental health indicators were represented by general levels of depression and anxiety as well as COVID-related stress and anxiety. While there were only minor changes in depression and anxiety, the dynamic in COVID-related stress and especially anxiety was more noteworthy. Besides some exceptions, the results hold even after controlling for the socioeconomic situation. The gender differences in the mental health trends were found to be negligible. Overall, we observed no substantial deterioration in the mental health indicators across the four waves of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility affects the financial efficiency of the company, but this influence is most significant under certain environmental conditions, demonstrating a tendency to improve the situation in macroeconomics. However, the very mechanism of such influence remains unexplored. For the practical application of corporate social responsibility for the company’s benefit, it is important to connect corporate social responsibility indicators, environmental parameters with financial metrics. The research purpose is to justify the concept of adaptive management of corporate social responsibility for quasi-public sector companies in the context of macroeconomics changing factors. Research methodology: general scientific methods of cognition: comparison, analysis and synthesis, as well as system-situational, dialectical, abstract-theoretical, structural-functional, and systemic. The study hypothesized that by introducing the impact of the quality of CSR management on the financial performance of a quasi-public sector company, it is possible to provide a high gross domestic product growth rate. The concept of corporate social responsibility management for companies in the quasi-public sector has been developed. It was stated that the largest numerical values of the coefficients for 2018 and 2019 are more than 0.7 units. It was during those years, in accordance with the research results, that low (less than 6 %) inflation and a high GDP growth rate (more than 5 %) took place. Using the concept will make it possible to implement a systematic approach in the management of corporate social responsibility and ensure the conditions for achieving goals in the company of the quasi-public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to characterize agriculture in areas (communes) with particularly unfavorable natural conditions for farming, as well as to assess the production potential, organization of production and economic situation of farms from such areas in Poland. The first part of the study describes the characteristics of agriculture in communes with particularly unfavorable natural conditions. For this purpose, data from the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Puławy, on the average value of the index of Valorization of Agricultural Production Area (VAPA) in communes in Poland, was used. Communes with particularly unfavorable natural conditions were those with an average VAPA index below 52 points out of 120 possible points. The organizational and economic assessment of farms according to production types was also carried out: field crops, grazing animals, and farms with mixed plant-animal production in communes with an average VAPA index lower than 52 points against a background of similar farms from other communes that have continuously kept accounting for Polish FADN in 2017-2019. It was found that communes with unfavorable natural conditions, compared to other communes, were distinguished by a smaller average utilized agricultural area (UAA) on farms, a smaller share of arable land and a greater permanent grassland in UAA, as well as e.g., a lower share of wheat and rape in total and higher total rye in the crop structure. They had, however, a greater share of land used ecologically in total UAA. They also had a higher density of livestock per 1 ha of UAA. In turn, farms from these areas – regardless of the analyzed production type, as compared to other farms, were characterized by a smaller UAA, incurred lower labor input per farm, and had a lower capital value. They also had significantly lower land and labor productivity as well as income per 1 FWU.

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The 2008–2009 crisis and the subsequent euro zone crisis dealt a serious blow to the Finnish economy. 2009 was marked by a significant reduction in the country's GDP, an increase in unemployment, and an increase in public debt. In the following years, Finland did not experience stable economic growth, and in 2014, mutual sanctions between Russia and the EU made their contribution. It was only in 2016 that the country began its systematic return to its pre-crisis state. Finnish municipalities bordering Russia since the 1990’s. the twentieth century is the least economically developed part of the country, which at the same time is most closely connected with our country due to its geographical location. In this regard, in this article, the author considered the economic situation of these municipalities on the basis of available official statistics. It was found that the dynamics of the considered indicators most often correlate with what was happening in the country as a whole. In 2014–2015, no special negative consequences from counter-sanctions on the part of our country were revealed. The exception was the indicators related to the service sector of border municipalities, which in 2014–2015 were noticeably worse than the average for Finland.