Search

After the 1988 Constitution, Brazil experienced changes in fiscal federalism, decentralizing revenues to states and municipalities, but the restrictive federal fiscal scenario limited this. Law 9,478/97 increased royalty revenues for coastal municipalities in São Paulo, boosting investments in infrastructure and public services, which should be directed towards investments that consider the potential of each municipality. To conduct this study, we used exploratory research of a qualitative nature, with a bibliographic and documentary design. This study investigates the impact of these resources on tax revenues and economic development in the municipalities of São Sebastião and Ilhabela, concluding that, although they have boosted investments and public services, the lack of strategic direction could compromise the economic future of these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to examine the concept of "high-quality" economic development, as the new strategy adopted by China to reconcile economic growth and environmental sustainability. It will be argued that it is not possible to understand the prospects for the development of the Chinese economy without considering the institutional framework of State action and the conduct of macroeconomic policy - which allows us to define China as a developmental state. In addition, the main goals and achievements of China in regard to energetic transition will be presented. In this paper, China is taken as a successful example from which Brazil could draw lessons for its own development strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the most significant challenges facing society is the development of effective mechanisms that can ensure the security of citizens while facilitating comprehensive economic and social advancement. This study identifies the commercial areas of Bogotá, Colombia, which are critical points in terms of security, and proposes a strategic allocation of police resources in order to optimise their coverage and response times. The methodological process was executed in accordance with the guidelines set forth in the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining. Geospatial analysis techniques were employed, including the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm to identify commercial zones and the graph theory to model the security network. Additionally, data from the Special Administrative Unit of Land Registry and the locations of National Police stations and precincts were utilised. The results demonstrate the identification of 241 commercial zones in Bogotá and propose a strategic allocation of police resources based on degree centrality and a stable matching algorithm. The integration of related techniques allowed for the generation of an innovative approach that combines the accurate identification of critical commercial zones with a data-driven optimisation of police resources. This not only increases the understanding of security dynamics in urban commercial areas, but also provides a robust public safety decision-making tool for the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informe Gepec is the property of Informe Gepec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Pensamiento Americano is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Americana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses the applicability of economic policies and other developmentalist governmental actions to financialized economies. It mobilizes the theoretical-methodological regulationist principles for a historical and institutional macro-analysis. After a brief review of the concepts of the Regulation School, including the "economic policy regime" (Théret, 1992; Lordon, 2002; Boyer, 2015), the Brazilian case is analyzed as a remarkable example of institutional compatibility with rentier-financial accumulation to the detriment of the accumulation of productive fixed capital. Several indicators of this case are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The population increase and expansion and speed of economic activities, combined with rapid urbanization, are reasons for a change in consumption patterns and the growing and accelerated generation of urban solid waste in the world, especially in developing countries, such as Brazil. Knowing this evolutionary process, systematizing qualitative and quantitative data and, mainly, evaluating its paradigms, are essential for sustainable, creative and innovative territorial development. This aspect will allow sustainability, both for post-industrialized countries and those in the industrialization phase, to pave the way for economic and environmentally sustainable management. Thus, the present work sought to explain the evolutionary aspects related to the foundations, concepts and paradigms linked to the theory of territorial development. To this end, the methodology included a theoretical, prospective and multidisciplinary study that permeates elements of the conceptual evolutionary process, followed by a critical and propositional analysis. The structure resulting from this study included the analysis of territorial development in the evolutionary context of humanity's characteristics, from its emergence in the prehistoric period, economic, social and environmental effects arising from the industrial revolution, to the emergence of the theme of sustainability, creativity and innovation. The results, in addition to the synthesis of historical evolution in the context of territorial development, demonstrate the updating of concepts, foundations and the proposition of new paradigms to support strategic planning focused on the economic, sustainable, creative and innovative development of different territories. Thus, the bibliographical survey and analysis made it possible to present analysis tools for territorial development in a systemic, transversal and multidisciplinary view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the role of natural gas in the urban-industrial formation of the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina and its association with the regional development process of thissub-national unit. Geographer Armen Mamigonian'stheory supports the study, which uses bibliographical and documentary research as well as an empirical approach to the subject of natural gas. The results show that the current situation of natural gas in Santa Catarina is the result of its consumption in the thermo-intensive manufacturing sector, making it another instrument that strengthens the concentration of production on Santa Catarina's Atlantic coast. Natural gas therefore has dual and contradictory characteristics, as its supply contributes to the process of socio-spatial development but reinforces regional inequality as it is not available in other regions of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Gestão & Tecnologia is the property of Revista Gestao & Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Poder Aéreo is the property of Escuela de Postgrados de la Fuerza Aerea Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Gestão Pública e Cidadania is the property of Fundacao Getulio Vargas, Escola Brasileira de Administracao Publica e de Empresas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Semestre Económico is the property of Sello Editorial de la Universidad de Medellin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economía is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Linguagens, Educação e Sociedade (LES) is the property of Revista Linguagens, Educacao e Sociedade (LES) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document is a list of references and citations from various sources related to topics such as international trade, economic development, and logistics in Brazil and the Amazon region. The sources cover a range of subjects, including the impact of the BRICS bloc on international economic challenges, the integration of Brazil and Peru through physical infrastructure, the role of the state of Acre in foreign trade, and the potential benefits and challenges of the Abunã Bridge in Rondônia. The document also includes references to studies on qualitative and quantitative research methods, as well as the political and economic context of Brazil. [Extracted from the article]

This summary discusses a study conducted on the role of Najran University in achieving economic development in the region, as perceived by faculty members. The study found that the university plays a significant role in economic development, with no significant differences based on gender and academic rank. However, there were significant differences based on specialization, favoring scientific disciplines. The study emphasizes the importance of universities in economic development and suggests improvements in their roles, such as focusing on the knowledge economy and incorporating skills required by the labor market. [Extracted from the article]

This research article explores the effects of economic development policies on the living conditions of ethnic minority communities in the border region of Northern Vietnam. The study analyzes the impact of changes in agriculture, industry, trade, and services, as well as environmental improvements, on the living conditions of these communities. The findings suggest that government policies related to agriculture, trade, and services have a positive impact on the living conditions of ethnic minorities, while the industry does not. The article concludes by offering suggestions to the Vietnamese government on how to further improve the living conditions of ethnic minority communities in the border region. [Extracted from the article]

Brazilian Fiscal Federalism makes intensive use of mechanisms of interjurisdictional transfers as strategies to combat poverty and regional differences, even while recognizing that, if poorly conceived, they can generate or aggravate existing regional demands and create externalities that affect the behavior of economic development of the recipients' governments. In this sense, this paper aims to assess the effect of intergovernmental transfers from the State Participation Fund (FPE) on the economic development of Brazilian states. To this end, we employed spatial panel data models for the 27 Brazilian federative units from 1997 to 2016. The results show that when spatial dependence is controlled, the spatially lagged FPE has a negative effect on the GDP per capita of the states. This indicates that the criteria for determining the fund transfers must be expanded, considering other factors besides the sole equalization of horizontal imbalances between states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving human resource management (HRM) strategies in modern economic development. It highlights the role of AI in enhancing recruitment, training, performance management, and employee engagement. The study acknowledges the challenges of implementing AI in HRM and provides recommendations to overcome them. The findings are valuable for organizations looking to enhance their HRM practices using AI and for policymakers interested in improving HRM in economic development. AI can automate routine tasks, optimize HR processes, and provide targeted recommendations, but there are varying perspectives on its use. Academicians emphasize further research and a human-centered approach, while governments stress ethical and responsible AI. Collaboration between academia, industry, and policymakers is encouraged, and business leaders recognize the potential benefits of AI in HRM. Overall, AI is seen as a tool to improve efficiency, reduce bias, and enhance decision-making in HRM. Developing countries are also investing in HRM strategies, but face challenges due to limited resources and cultural differences. Continued efforts are needed to effectively implement HRM practices to support economic growth and development. [Extracted from the article]

New Developmentalism doctrine defends the central role played by a competitive real exchange rate in promoting catch-up in developing economies. Recently, this theory has been questioned by critics; the main criticism has been that an outward growth strategy based on a competitive real exchange rate would harm income/real wage distribution and have a negative effect on the economy. This study discusses how the real exchange rate influences growth in light of the new developmentalist doctrine and the contrasting experiences of Asian and Latin American countries. Its main contribution is to document the influence of the real exchange rate on economic performance, specifically through certain transmission channels. The article's findings suggest that a competitive RER is an important aspect in a country's growth path, insofar as it favors profits, capital accumulation, net exports, and gains in social capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Latin American Integration Route (RILA) is a proposal for regional development based on the economic, political, and social integration of Latin American countries. Its objective is to better develop the interaction between countries and the utilization of regional resources and opportunities, aiming at strengthening economic and social development. Integration Law is the field of International and Community Law responsible for governing relations between countries during the implementation of regional integration. It encompasses the norms and principles regulating the commercial, political, cultural, and social relations among the member countries of RILA. In this context, the main goal of this article is to present conceptual aspects of Integration Law and Harmonization of Law, and to reflect on their roles within the context of Latin American integration. The current text is a qualitative approach and bibliographical research, drawing from thinkers that bring the Integration Law and Harmonization of Law scheme to the regional economic integration scenario. It comes to the conclusion that International Law is fundamental to the maintenance and economic integration of the member countries of MERCOSUL, since it creates norms and principles by which the members of this bloc (nations and civil society) can guide themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this paper was to analyze the bidirectional relationship between financial development and economic growth for a dataset of Latin American and Asian developing countries between 2001 and 2019. Method: This research employed an empirical approach to analyze the statistical relationship between financial development and economic growth, by presenting an estimation of a system of simultaneous equations for a panel of Asian and Latin American countries using 3SLS. Main Results: The results presented in this research provided evidence that financial development does not appear to have a significant impact on economic growth, although growth appears to have a significant and positive influence on financial development. Moreover, the results also suggested that regulatory quality and domestic credit directed to the private sector have a positive effect on economic growth, while urbanization and education showed a negative influence on growth. The estimated model also indicated that urbanization has a positive influence on financial development while foreign direct investment presented a negative effect on the development of the financial sector. Relevance / Originality: Most of the research agenda on the topic of finance and growth has focused on identifying correlation or causality between these variables, with little attention given to the simultaneous relationship between them. This is still a clear gap in economic literature. Following this premise, the objective of this paper was to analyze the bidirectional relationship between financial development and growth by estimating a system of simultaneous equations using the Zellner and Theil’s (1962) 3SLS methodology. In this sense, the main contribution will be given empirically, based on data and analysis from emerging countries in Latin America and Asia. The fact that financial development has an influence on growth and growth plays a role on the development of the financial sector indicates a simultaneous relationship between these variables. Another relevant contribution is to update the debate on financial systems and economic development for emerging countries, highlighting institutional aspects and financial cycles. Theoretical / Methodological Contributions: The main contribution of this study is in the empirical strategy, whose results dialogue with part of the literature on the financial system and development presented along the text. That is, this research explored the statistical relationship between economic development and financial development for a sample composed by twenty-two Asian and Latin American emerging countries, using a simultaneous equations model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperativism as a socioeconomic model, with its organizations, increasingly has the potential to influence the needs of communities, especially in the Latin American region. In Ecuador, the presence of cooperatives in the savings and credit sector is notorious from the economic and financial point of view, however, the evidence that the social component is not handled at the same level, based on previous studies, constitutes the main background for the development of this work that shows an analytical and systemic reflection on the matter. An analysis of the situation of the national cooperative sector was carried out to reinforce the role of cooperatives as socioeconomic enterprises with extraordinary capacities to achieve the change to which families, communities and the nation aspire. The research developed is of a theoretical and analytical nature. A systemic analysis was obtained with certain recommendations in relation to overcoming the problems present in Ecuadorian savings and credit cooperatives, with a view to integrally managing the social and economic components, a fundamental premise for achieving the results expected from their activity at the local and national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economía, Sociedad y Territorio is the property of El Colegio Mexiquense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Debates is the property of Revista Debates and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Políticas Públicas is the property of Revista Brasileira de Politicas Publicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this article will be to show how the Brazilian manganese exploration contracts in Amapá between 1946 and 1954 signed with the mining company Icomi were an instrument of capital appreciation on an international scale, since a significant part of the income was compromised in external agreements with Bethlehem Steel and the Eximbank. Methodologically, we will read the main issues in the specific legislation that involved the manganese exploration contracts in Amapá and their effects, dialoguing with the studies that analyzed this institutional framework. The main institutional regimes researched are: i)- Decree-Law n° 5.812 (09/13/1943) creating the territory of Amapá; ii)- Decree-Law No. 9,858 (09/13/1946) creating the national manganese reserve in Amapá; iii)- Decree No. 24,156 (12/04/1947) which governed the contract signed with Icomi for manganese exploration; iv)- Decree No. 28,162 (05/31/1950) revising the contract with Icomi; v)- Law No. 1,235 (11/14/1950) which established the guarantee of the National Treasury for a loan to be contracted by Icomi abroad; vi)- and, lastly, Ordinance No. 247 (04/29/1953) which allowed the amendment to the lease agreement of manganese ore deposits in Serra do Navio - Amapá. After making a detailed investigation of the exploration contracts, the article concludes that the extraction of manganese in Amapá was a true model of enclave economy, in which a large part of the income generated by the enterprise did not radiate throughout the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: the objective of this research is to measure the conditions of "decent work" for three of the main cities of Colombia (Bogota, Medellin, and Bucaramanga) during the period 2018-2020. Methodology: The different dimensions proposed by the ILO are used in reference to the necessary conditions that decent work must provide. The calculation and analysis of the behavior of the variables under study is based on information from the Great Integrated Household Survey (GIHS)) prepared by DANE. Results: According to indicators of income and employment, the results show an increase in the three cities' labor precarity. By city, Bogota has the best performance in terms of access to employment and social dialogue; Medellin best performs in terms of social security and job security; while Bucaramanga shows deficiencies in the four areas analyzed for the period under study. Conclusions: the main conclusion is that, in 2020, the year of the confinement decreed by the national government to face the COVID-19 pandemic, labor precariousness conditions increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economia da UEG is the property of Universidade Estadual de Goias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The presidential and plenitpotentiaries's diplomacy has made efforts for the South American integration process since the Brazilian redemocratization, that resulted in the created of Mercosur and Unasur. This article analyzes the Brazilian diplomatic trajectory in the South American integration, in order to understand geopolitics in the contexts of globalization, how these Blocs were created and the changes occurred in the Brazilian Growth Domestic Product (GDP) and in the Human Development Index (HDI) between 1991 and 2010. The research has showed the efforts of the Brazilian diplomacy during the sub-regional integration process. The hypothetic-deductive method has offered means to analyze the research object and to formulate a conjecture capable to respond to the due problem, that is, how have the South American integration and the Brazilian economic openness assisted the Brazilian economic development between 1991 and 2010? The authors have concluded that the South American integration and the Brazilian economic openness to the international market were important for the economic development of the country, because the intensification of trade exchange between Brazil and the States of the region resulted in the Brazilian GDP and HDI increase in the period (1991-2010). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)