4 results on '"CREDIT SUPPORT"'
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2. Effects of Land Misallocation on Capital Allocations in India
- Author
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Duranton, Gilles, Ghani, Ejaz, Goswami, Arti Grover, and Kerr, William R.
- Subjects
FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ,MICRO-CREDIT ,INVESTMENT ,PAYMENT ,CO-OPERATIVE BANKS ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,INVENTORY ,RISK PERCEPTION ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,PERSONAL ASSETS ,ENTREPRENEUR ,EMPLOYMENT GROWTH ,RURAL BANKS ,OVERDRAFT ,CREDIT POLICY ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,FINANCING ,OUTSTANDING LOAN ,EMPLOYMENT ,ACCESS TO BANKING ,LAND ISSUES ,ACCESS TO EXTERNAL FINANCE ,LENDING ,MACROECONOMICS ,PRODUCTIVITY ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,GOVERNMENT POLICY ,BANK LOAN ,WOMEN ,GOVERNMENTS ,BUSINESS OWNERS ,COLLATERAL ,GUARANTEE ,PRIVATE ENTERPRISES ,REPOSSESSION ,BANK ,INFORMATION SHARING ,LOANS ,MICRO-FINANCE ,FINANCIAL DEEPENING ,LACK OF COLLATERAL ,STRATEGIES ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,INTEREST PAYMENT ,BORROWER ,HIGH INTEREST RATE ,BORROWERS ,INDUSTRY ,MARKETS ,FINANCE ,CREDIT SUPPORT ,ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT ,ACCESS TO FORMAL FINANCE ,ACCESS TO FORMAL CREDIT ,SMALL BUSINESSES ,FORMAL CREDIT ,INTANGIBLE ASSETS ,BANKING ,FINANCIAL DEPTH ,COLLATERAL SUPPORT ,INTEREST EXPENSE ,ENTERPRISES ,LABOR MARKET ,MARKET VALUE ,ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ,MONETARY POLICY ,HOUSEHOLD ,RURAL BANK ,SERVICES ,SMALL BUSINESS ,PRICING ,DEBT ,CREDIT RISK ,COST OF CAPITAL ,ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION ,SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS ,WORKING CAPITAL ,INTEREST PAYMENTS ,PAYMENTS ,LOAN AMOUNTS ,PROPERTY ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,NET VALUE ,INEQUALITY ,CREDITS ,TRADE CREDIT ,PROFITABILITY ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,ACCESS TO FINANCE ,TANGIBLE ASSETS ,FORM OF COLLATERAL ,MICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONS ,ENTREPRENEURS ,FINANCIAL SECTOR LIBERALIZATION ,LOAN AMOUNT ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS ,LAND MARKETS ,DEBT COLLECTORS ,EMPLOYEE ,FIXED ASSETS ,EXCLUSION ,CAPITAL ,CREDIT-WORTHINESS ,PRIVATE ENTERPRISE ,LENDERS ,BUSINESS PLANS ,MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS ,START-UP ,ACCOUNTING ,LENDER ,GREATER ACCESS ,MICRO ENTERPRISES ,SECURITY ,VALUE ,RISK ,ENTERPRISE ,BANK FINANCING ,CREDIT INFORMATION ,MONEY LENDERS ,ECONOMETRICS ,FINANCIAL INTEGRATION ,VILLAGES ,CREDITWORTHINESS ,PRINCIPAL ,ACCESS TO LOANS ,FAMILY ,GENDER INEQUALITY ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,CREDIT BUREAUS ,REVENUE ,HOUSEHOLDS ,EMPLOYEES ,BANKING SERVICES ,TAXES ,EQUITY ,BANKS ,BANK LOANS ,LAND ,UNION ,ECONOMIC POLICY ,BORROWING ,BANK BRANCHES ,DISPARITIES IN ACCESS ,LOAN ,SIZES OF LOAN ,CREDIT ,ACCESS TO CREDIT ,FINANCIAL ACCESS ,LOAN DEMAND ,BANK CREDIT ,FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,MICRO-ENTERPRISES ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,NEW ENTRANTS ,MICROFINANCE ,ISSUE OF ACCESS ,CREDIT REGISTRIES ,LABOR ,LABOR MARKETS ,TRADE CREDITS ,REAL ESTATE ,HOUSING ,ECONOMICS ,FORMS OF CREDIT ,EXTERNAL FINANCE ,INTEREST ,MARGINAL REVENUE ,JOB CREATION ,CORRUPTION ,LOAN ACCESS ,BIASES ,CREDIT MARKETS ,WATER SUPPLY ,DIRECTED CREDIT ,TRANSPORT ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,FORMAL FINANCE ,RURAL BANK BRANCHES ,RESERVE BANK OF INDIA ,OUTREACH ,FINANCIAL STRENGTH ,OUTSTANDING LOANS ,URBAN AREAS ,INTEREST RATE ,CREDIT MARKET ,GENDER - Abstract
Growing research and policy interest focuses on the misallocation of output and factors of production in developing economies. This paper considers the possible misallocation of financial loans. Using plant-level data on the organized and unorganized sectors, the paper describes the temporal, geographic, and industry distributions of financial loans. The focus of the analysis is the hypothesis that land misallocation might be an important determinant of financial misallocation (for example, because of the role of land as collateral against loans). Using district-industry variations, the analysis finds evidence to support this hypothesis, although it does not find a total reduction in the intensity of financial loans or those being given to new entrants. The analysis also considers differences by gender of business owners and workers in firms. Although potential early gaps for businesses with substantial female employment have disappeared in the organized sector, a sizeable and persistent gap remains in the unorganized sector.
- Published
- 2015
3. COLLATERAL REPRODUCTION OF FIXED ASSETS AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES.
- Author
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BURKOVSKA, Аlla V. and KORZHYNSKYI, Ihor G.
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL industries ,AGRICULTURE ,COLLATERAL security ,CAPITAL ,LOANS ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
The problems of credit support playback of property, farms Ukraine based on the study of scientific works of economists and practical experience of the farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
4. Access to Finance in Output-Based Aid
- Author
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Kumar, Geeta, Lieberman, Ira, and Mumssen, Yogita
- Subjects
AFFORDABILITY ,COMPETITIVE BIDDING ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,MICRO LOAN ,CREDIT GUARANTEE ,DEPOSIT ,FINANCING NEED ,OVERDRAFT ,EXPROPRIATION ,FLOW OF FUNDS ,RURAL TRANSFORMATION ,INVESTMENT CAPITAL ,BANK LOAN ,INSTALLMENT ,DONOR SUPPORT ,CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS ,COMMERCIAL LENDERS ,COLLATERAL ,SUBSIDY FUNDING ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,CREDIT LINES ,SMALL ENTERPRISE ,INTERVENTIONS ,EARNINGS ,TRANSPARENCY ,DOWN PAYMENT ,EQUITY FUND ,BANK PORTFOLIO ,INTEREST PAYMENT ,LOAN PRODUCT ,HOLDING ,IMMUNIZATIONS ,BID ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ,SMALL BUSINESSES ,BUSINESS VOLUMES ,HOUSEHOLD ACCESS ,BALANCE SHEET ,MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION ,SOURCES OF FINANCE ,DISBURSEMENT ,LONG-TERM INVESTMENT ,LIQUIDITY ,INTEREST RATES ,SMALL BUSINESS ,CREDIT RISK ,MICROFINANCE LENDING ,SHORT-TERM BORROWING ,HOSPITALS ,USER FEES ,WORKING CAPITAL ,MICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTION ,CAPITAL REQUIREMENT ,LOAN AMOUNTS ,LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,EQUITY RATIO ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,FUNGIBLE ,CASH FLOW ,ESCROW ACCOUNT ,SLUM ,LIQUIDITY RISKS ,FINANCING REQUIREMENTS ,CROSS-SUBSIDIES ,INTEREST RATE SPREAD ,COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY ,REFORM PROGRAMS ,DISBURSEMENTS ,INVESTMENT PROJECTS ,UNIVERSAL ACCESS ,VOUCHERS ,HOUSEHOLD FINANCE ,PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP ,PORTFOLIO ,TRADE FINANCING ,LENDERS ,OUTPUTS ,DEBT FINANCE ,FINANCIAL VIABILITY ,VILLAGES ,FINANCING INITIATIVES ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,EQUIPMENT ,HOUSEHOLDS ,INSURANCE SERVICE ,BANKS ,LOAN PRINCIPAL ,CREDIT GUARANTEES ,UNION ,BORROWING ,MICRO LOANS ,TRADE FINANCE ,LOAN ,DEBT FUNDS ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,FINANCING COSTS ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,INSURANCE AGENCY ,MICROFINANCE ,COMMERCIAL FINANCE ,COOPERATIVES ,ENROLLMENT ,REPAYMENT ,DEVELOPMENT BANK ,SUBSIDIARY ,HOMES ,WATER SUPPLY ,CAPITAL COST ,TRANSPORT ,FUND MANAGERS ,HEALTH CARE FACILITIES ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,TRANSACTION ,REPAYMENT PERIODS ,REVOLVING FUND ,SMALL BUSINESS FINANCING ,TAX ,ESCROW ,DEBT-EQUITY ,FAMILIES ,RURAL BANKS ,PRIVATE INVESTMENTS ,COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES ,TRUST FUND ,PERFORMANCE RISK ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,BENEFICIARIES ,PARTIAL CREDIT ,COMMERCIAL LOAN ,CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ,INVESTMENT FUND ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,LETTERS OF CREDIT ,MICROFINANCE LOANS ,FINANCING FACILITY ,PRINCIPAL REPAYMENTS ,ENABLING ENVIRONMENT ,INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS ,MICRO-FINANCE ,INTERVENTION ,MFI ,RURAL COMMUNITY ,FUNDING SOURCE ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,BORROWER ,TRANCHE ,CREDIT SUPPORT ,PARTIAL RISK ,POLLUTION ,CAPITAL LOANS ,LINE OF CREDIT ,RURAL AREAS ,INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE ,PUBLIC UTILITY ,LOANS TO CUSTOMERS ,MICRO ENTERPRISE ,OPERATIONAL RISKS ,VOUCHER ,OVERDRAFT FACILITY ,PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE ,PERFORMANCE BOND ,OVERDRAFT FACILITIES ,AFFILIATES ,DEBT ,CLINICS ,COMMERCIAL DEBT ,MFIS ,IPO ,COMMERCIAL LOANS ,COMMERCIAL BANK LOANS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL PRODUCTS ,ACCESS TO FINANCE ,RETURN ,FINANCING FACILITIES ,MICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONS ,LOAN AMOUNT ,COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS ,EIB ,OPERATIONAL COSTS ,EQUITY INVESTMENT ,PRIVATE ENTERPRISE ,PUBLIC FUNDS ,LOAN AGREEMENTS ,CAPITAL COSTS ,FINANCES ,COMMERCIAL BANK ,FINANCIAL RISKS ,INSTALLMENTS ,COMMERCIAL BORROWING ,BANK FINANCING ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,REPAYMENTS ,VILLAGE ,ASSET HOLDING ,OUTPUT ,PUBLIC ASSET ,EQUITY CONTRIBUTION ,PRIVATE INVESTORS ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,PRIVATE BANK ,BANK LOANS ,CONSUMER FINANCE ,SOCIAL FUND ,SMALL BUSINESS FINANCE ,HOUSEHOLD INCOME ,MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS ,LOCAL BANKS ,EXPENDITURES ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,PRIVATE-PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS ,EQUITY FUNDS ,INVESTMENT BANK ,MICROINSURANCE ,CAPITAL FINANCE ,MICROFINANCE SECTOR ,LONG TERM DEBT ,CASH FLOWS ,SAVINGS ,ADB ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,HEALTH SERVICES ,FINANCIAL STRENGTH ,FINANCING NEEDS ,SUBSIDIARIES ,INTEREST RATE ,SMALL TOWNS ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK ,ELECTRICITY SERVICES - Abstract
Output-Based Aid (OBA) and other results-based financing mechanisms are gaining popularity in the development context for many reasons, in particular, the desire to link scarce public funding with actual results on the ground. But withholding disbursements until the delivery of 'results' or 'outputs' requires that the service providers delivering the results must have access to finance (A2F) to pay for the 'inputs' in the first place. Such finance is not always available or affordable. The purpose of this working paper is to outline some of the key issues related to OBA and A2F. The analysis focuses on the energy, water, and health sectors. Micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) financing is the main topic; however, OBA is ultimately about poor households affording access to basic services, and many OBA schemes attempt to address A2F for households, so some of these innovations are also described. The working paper is expected to support a consultative process between experts dealing with A2F challenges and experts on OBA. This process should help raise awareness of the OBA approach among potential financiers, and help consider solutions (instruments, partnerships, capacity building) so that OBA and other similar results-based financing mechanisms can be brought to scale and integrated into broader sector policy, where appropriate.
- Published
- 2010
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