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Crowdfunding as a medium of raising finance for the startups and small and medium enterprises has gained popularity all over the world. The development of crowdfunding can be attributed to the technological developments in the field of information and communication technologies particularly the Internet. In crowdfunding, a website acts as an intermediary (online platform) through which promoters of startups advertise their business ideas and seek funding from the prospective investors. A large number of investors registered with the online platform individually contribute small amount of money to the startups. The online platform facilitates raising money not only for commercial ventures but also for the social and charitable purposes. This paper presents the crowdfunding scenario in India and also in other countries. It discusses the merits and demerits of crowdfunding as a source of finance. It examines the modified regulatory framework being adopted in different countries of the world, including India so as to facilitate the growth and development of this innovative financial source. Finally the paper highlights the need for government support so as to expand the size and scope of crowdfunding in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monetary Policy is the policy which looks after the supply of money into the economy, keeps record of inflation and takes into account the economy's growth. Central bank of a country conducts the monetary policy of that country. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank of India hence regulates the monetary policy of the country. RBI formulates implements and supervises all the functions of monetary policy. Indian Monetary Policy has seen many structural changes since independence. During early 1990s, the major monetary policy measures were Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and Statutory Liquid Ratio (SLR). In case of India, it has been seen that the increase in inflationary pressure is mainly due to the money demanded by the central government to meet the budgetary deficit of the country. If we talk about the recent development in monetary policy of India, we see that Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has been constituted after the recommendation of Urjit Patel Committee in the year 2016. Establishment of MPC is considered to be a revolutionary development in the area of monetary policy. This paper intends to take a review on the monetary policy of India, changes that have been made to tackle the economic instability in the past and the recent developments in monetary policy of the country. It also intends to test the monetary policy with respect to pressure on inflation. This research paper is entirely on the secondary data. Different journals, books and other research papers within the same context have been followed for this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, fiscal rule was introduced to institutionalize rule-based fiscal control in India by enacting Fiscal Responsibility Legislation by the Union and state governments. Using a 14 year data set from 2000-01 to 2013-14, spread across 14 major states, this paper examines the impacts of fiscal rule on fiscal balance. Our findings confirm that the introduction of fiscal rule resulted in reduction in fiscal imbalance. The paper also found that, to comply with the deficit targets set by the fiscal rule, states resorted to spending cuts, primarily the discretionary development expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Manufacturing sector growth continues to be topical in the growth journey of Indian economy. The purpose of this paper is to present the modelling and analysis of the combined impact of three key driving sub-systems on the Indian manufacturing growth. It has provided relevant insights and recommendations for its sustainable growth.Design/methodology/approach The impact of three key driving sub-systems: quality of highway-related infrastructure, manufacturing labour productivity and circular material-consumption in the growth of manufacturing has been studied. A System Dynamics (SD) based model to understand long-term implications of the policy variables on manufacturing growth has been developed. Five scenarios have been simulated for analysis.Findings Seven policy variables have been identified which have a significant impact on Indian manufacturing growth. Some relevant insights from the analysis of SD based system-behaviour have been provided which would facilitate the manufacturing growth.Research limitations/implications The paper has addressed the dynamics of only three sub-systems in the study of manufacturing growth. The other sub-systems which also have an impact on the manufacturing growth: Good governance, education quality and technology are recommended to be studied through SD based modelling.Practical implications Specific recommendations for accelerating the manufacturing growth have been made in the paper which has strong practical implications for growth of Indian economy.Social implications Manufacturing sector continues to have a significant impact on the prosperity of India. It facilitates in enhancement of employment and the micro-economic health aspects. Therefore, there is a need to understand the dynamics of the key policy variables affecting manufacturing growth which is very relevant for the society at large.Originality/value An application of the SD approach to analyse long-term implication of policy variables of three sub-systems that have a significant impact in manufacturing growth and five specific recommendations to the policy makers is the value-add. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian IT industry has been an important pillar of the Indian economy for the last 2 decades. The IT sector has provided employment opportunities to millions, provided them with fairly high incomes in the context of the prevailing economic conditions in India, and has also been contributing handsomely to the country's GDP. Successive governments have realized the importance of the Indian IT sector to further India's economic advancement and have facilitated the growth of the sector, depending on it for employment generation and for bringing in foreign exchange. The Indian IT sector has grown from strength to strength from 1996, when the total revenue was USD 1.25 billion, and is now in very good health with its total revenues amounting to an estimated USD 143 billion in 2016. The official future, on which National Policy on Information Technology is developed, envisions the continuing growth of the Indian IT industry. But, will this ideal growth continue? Can anything go wrong? This paper identifies the one core segment that has driven the growth of the Indian IT sector and develops two scenarios for the core segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the relationship among the macro economic variables like real gross domestic product (GDP), broad money (M3) and price level (WPI) has been examined for the Indian economy using time series data for the pre and post reform period 1970 to 2013. Three variants of the price equation specified in logarithmic form have been estimated following a partial adjustment mechanism. Various tests conducted on the price equation show that the behaviour of price is well explained by changes in output and broad money. Results show that Static and dynamic price equation technique established that increase in money supply has been a quite an important factor in the emergence of inflationary situation in India as well this indicates that an increase of GDP may be effective in reducing the price level in India. This paper suggest that a rise in the real output accompanied by a control of money supply would reduce the price level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent boom in world-wide FDI inflows constitutes a major element of economic globalization. As a result the exports remained the dominant form of corporate internationalization strategies and globalization through FDI has gained significantly in relative importance. After the recent financial crisis, South, East and Southeast Asia emerged as the most important host region among developing countries. However, in recent years, it is commented that a high concentration of FDI in a few large and fairly advanced developing economies has become one of the problems and though most of the developing countries, have been attracting a significant proportion of Global inflow of FDI, it is argued that they are more market-oriented in nature and not efficiency-seeking. Keeping these observations in view, an attempt is made in this paper to analyze the trends in the FDI inflows with special reference to India. Fundamentally relying on secondary data, the present paper presents a critical analysis of FDI in India particularly focusing on sectoral, regional and dominance of investing countries, which might be considered as the major reasons for comparatively less effective in the process of achieving faster and more inclusive growth in India. Particular focus is laid on south-north inequalities, sectoral inequalities and the need for initiation of necessary measures to attract FDI from the friendly-advanced countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This study aims to analyze how Indian management practices have influenced the international management research agenda. International interest in India as a business destination has been growing since the Indian policy-makers began opening up the economy in 1991. India’s continuing economic development and integration with global economy has led to a reassessment of its political, social and commercial relevance by the international community. Design/methodology/approach – The authors choose four management disciplines and examine 40 peer-reviewed international journals for research related to India over the period 1991-2014. From the sample of 217 papers, the authors identify the trends, themes and motivations, and discuss the potential for future research. Findings – The authors find that research on India remains flat for the 1991-2000 decade, and starts growing from 2005 onwards. Organizational behavior remains non-participative in the overall growth of research. The authors find very low levels of qualitative research, and none on endogenous phenomena that have been tested for applicability in non-Indian contexts. Marketing research remains mainly peripheral to Indian contexts. Review of highly cited papers reveals that management research on India is at an early stage, and offers fairly significant opportunities for future researchers. Research limitations/implications – Normal limitations of sample-based literature review apply. Further, the literature search is limited to a select set of highly ranked journals. Originality/value – Studies analyzing themes related to Indian contexts in international publications are sparse. To the best of authors’ knowledge, no study of this nature exists in literature. This study makes a primary contribution for future management researchers across the four areas by informing on the research trends, journal outlets, and the characteristics of the research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between financial development and income inequality in India using annual data from 1982-2012. Design/methodology/approach -- Stationarity properties of the series are checked by using ADF, DF-GLS, KPSS and Ng-Perron unit root tests. The paper applied the auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to co-integration to examine the existence of long run relationship; and error correction mechanism for the short run dynamics. Findings -- The co-integration test confirms a long run relationship between financial development and income inequality for India. The ARDL test results suggest that financial development, economic growth, inflation aggravates the income inequality in both long run and short run. However, trade openness reduces the gap between rich and poor in India. Research limitations/implications -- The present recommend for appropriate economic and financial reforms focussing on financial inclusion to reduce income inequality in India. Originality/value -- Till date, there is hardly any study that makes a clear comparison between market-based indicator and bank based indicator of financial development in India and those examining the relationship between finance and income inequality nexus. Further there is hardly any study to include gini coefficient as a proxy for inequality for India and apply ARDL techniques of co-integration, using the basic principles of GJ hypothesis and provide short run and long run dynamics for India. So the contribution of the paper is to fill these research gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines India's role in regionalism. Even though India's closest regional setting is within the subcontinent of Asia and its vehicle of regional integration is the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC), it has not hesitated to actively engage and/or take advantage of opportunities in successful regionalisms such as Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), European Union (EU) and in subregional structures such as the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIM-STEC), the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC), the Mekong Ganga Cooperation (MGC). Since the end of the Cold War and following its economic reforms, India has stepped up its relations with these regional and subregional organizations and their member countries with the aim of strengthening economic growth through better trade and investment links, security and stability, and most importantly with a view to increasing its global standing. The paper concludes by drawing lessons for Nigeria from the Indian experience of regionalism. The lessons are even more imperative against the backdrop of Nigeria's recent emergence as the largest economy in Africa and its quest to join the top 20 largest economies in the world in line with its vision 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India, as a rising economic power, has undergone significant macro-economic and structural changes in recent decades. The accelerated economic growth in recent times has brought wide-ranging changes in life styles and behaviors of its growing population. At the same time, the population is undergoing a structural change and as this continues in the future, the country has the potential to reap the population dividend. As a consequence of these changes, the country is experiencing increased migration to urban areas, visible signs of consumerism in the fast-growing middle-class segment of the population, and an increasing trend of mimicking international styles. This paper provides an overview of the macro-economic and structural changes in India and considers the implications of such changes on India's residential energy needs. It suggests that life-style changes will have a significant implication on Indian future energy demand but there is a window of opportunity to follow a low-carbon pathway by adopting 'smart' technologies and creating efficient infrastructure. However, it requires a coordinated effort at various levels. WIREs Energy Environ 2014, 3:535-539. doi: 10.1002/wene.108 For further resources related to this article, please visit the . Conflict of interest: The author has declared no conflicts of interest for this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1991, India has witnessed wide-ranging economic reforms in its policies governing international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows which has consequently led to a dramatic rise in both trade and FDI flows since then. Using firm-level panel data, this paper investigates whether these trends have contributed to significant productivity improvements since 2000, as measured by total factor productivity (TFP). In addition, the paper also examines the determinants of TFP across a range of different industry categories. The results suggest the existence of significant productivity improvements since 2000 and also identify variables such as imports of raw materials and capital goods, size of operation, quality of employment captured by wage rates, and technology imports as crucial determinants of productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses various dimensions of internal migration in India, with specific attention on the major drivers including rural distress; climate and development-induced displacement; and socio-political conflicts. It is argued that poverty and vulnerability are the core factors that shape the internal migration landscape in India. With dwindling public expenditure on redistributive measures and shifts in propoor policies, the State's protection for migrant workers has decreased considerably. The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered yet another set of challenges for migrant workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic growth in India has been impressive in the last few decades, yet it continues to be a home for millions of poor. The poverty measures debate across the developing world has generated more heat than light as there is no consensus on constructing the poverty line. Characterization of poverty and heterogeneity of the poor needs more profound understanding and investigation. This paper attempts to provide an alternative framework to track Chronic and Transient poverty through decile density analysis and the Chronic-Transient Poverty Ratio by applying the Kernel Density function for the National Sample Survey Organisation's consumer expenditure distribution in 55th, 61st, 66th, and 68th quinquennial rounds. An increase and a stagnant CTP ratio for urban and rural India implies that poverty reduction interventions are less impactful in rural India. A renewed thrust on poverty alleviation programmes is required in Urban India. Other developing and underdeveloped countries can emulate the proposed framework to analyze chronic and transient poverty conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though nominally a secular state, under BJP rule, Hinduism in India has seen a greater prominence in politics and society than at any time in the post-independence era. As such, it is worthwhile examining how, in certain core aspects, Hinduism may affect the key variables of economic and social development. This is a neglected area that has largely been ignored by international institutions, especially by UN agencies and the World Bank. This exploratory paper provides some historical context and focuses particularly on the impact of caste on India's body politic and development. It examines the arguments of those that suggest that Hinduism may have positive effects and those that suggest otherwise. It concludes by arguing that negative effects far outweigh any putative benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between financial development and access to electricity for rural and urban India by incorporating economic growth, trade, and foreign direct investment in energy production function. In doing so, we have applied autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing to examine long run cointegration between the variables by accommodating structural break(s) stemming in the series. Our empirical results indicate the presence of cointegration association between access to electricity and its determinants. We note that financial development enhances access to electricity in rural India but declines it in urban India. Economic growth has positive effect on access to electricity. Trade openness and foreign direct investment lower access to electricity in rural India. In urban India, trade openness and foreign direct investment increase access to electricity. The association between financial development and access to electricity is inverted-U shaped for rural and urban India. This paper would present new policy direction for Indian government to enhance access to electricity by using financial development as an economic tool. • Financial development and access to electricity have a strong linkage. • In India financial development enhances access to electricity in rural area but has adverse effect in urban area. • Rise in economic growth of India has increased the access to electricity. • Growth of Trade Openness and Foreign Direct investment increase access to electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to find out the impact of corruption on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth of India. Economic growth and FDI are two of the important factors showing the development scenario in developing economies like India. At the same time, corruption continues to be one of the greatest impediments to economic and social development in these economies. The present paper examines the effects of corruption on FDI inflows and economic growth by using secondary data over the period of 1995 to 2017. Ordinary Least Squares regression has been applied as the main technique for the study. The present study contributes to the existing literature by defining the relationship between corruption, FDI inflows and economic growth in Indian aspect. Further, an endeavor has been made to comprehend that how corruption influences FDI decision and economic growth of Indian economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals who create business and employment are entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship is actually the ability to develop and sustain a business associated with risk, and ultimately make profit. Every entrepreneur aims to make profit for his own concern. Entrepreneurship is also associated with conversion of new innovation and technology into business, which ultimately generates employment and profit in the economy and thus the entrepreneurs contribute towards the growth of an economy. According to Schumpeter, innovation in business is the primary reason for increased investment and business ups-and-downs in an economy. Recently, women entrepreneurship in India is also making a mark in the society. Indian women have started taking initiative to make a startup and start their career as entrepreneurs with small businesses and they are having success in their field as well. This means women in our society are progressive and capable of sustaining a business, which in turn helps in economic growth. Hence, the study also focuses on the women entrepreneur's contribution to the society. Along with this, the paper has also tried to focus on the growth aspects of entrepreneurship and its impact on the society and economy. Innovation in business improvises it as well as the role of the entrepreneur. It helps entrepreneurs to take decision to implement these new innovations in the business by taking risk and uncertainty. The paper will also highlight on this aspect of use of innovation by entrepreneurs in business expansion and analyse its impact on the sustainable growth of Indian economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the last three decades, both China and India are considered as the largest emerging market economies in the world. Both of these economies play an essential role in the global economy in terms of economic output and CO2 emissions. Hence, these countries are expected to play an important role in setting up environmental and sustainable development policies. Therefore, our paper aims to examine the role of natural gas and renewable energy consumptions on CO2 emissions and economic growth during 1965–2016 within a multivariate framework. The autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to cointegration and vector error correction model (VECM) is employed to explore the long-run and causal nexus among the natural gas consumption, renewable energy consumption, coal and petroleum consumption, CO2 emissions, and economic growth, respectively. The empirical results show existence of long-run equilibrium association among the variables. The Granger causality results indicate that the short-run bidirectional causality between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in India, while no causality is found between these two variables in China. However, natural gas consumption causes economic growth in China whereas no causality is confirmed in India in the short-run. The findings further suggest that there is long-run bidirectional causality among the considered variables in both countries. Our paper addresses several important policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the concept of sustainable development has enriched numerous scientific researches. Therefore, the combination of economic growth and the environment has been the subject of numerous econometric and statistical models. They demonstrated that there is a two-way relationship between economic growth and pollution. So, we use data from the World Bank database (1971-2014) to assess the possibility that a change (positive or negative) in pollution in India generates a gross domestic product acceleration. Through a Machine Learning approach via artificial neural network analysis, empirical findings show that a deep neural network can predict the outcome under study. The novelty of this paper is to have determined the results through a model based on a comparison with a highly developed country (Japan). The results obtained show that in a country like India, 76% of the time, a change in pollution evolves into a change in the acceleration of the economic growth., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

This study examines the relationship between FDI and CO 2 emissions in a nonlinear framework using data from countries along the "One Belt, One Road" from 1979 to 2017 as the sample. First, the linear analysis method was used to examine the stability of FDI and CO 2 emissions in countries along the "One Belt, One Road." In addition, the BDS (Brock-Dechert-Scheinkman test) method and nonlinear Granger causality test are used to investigate the nonlinear relationship between variables. Finally, a threshold vector autoregressive model (TVAR) is used to analyze the dynamic change mechanism between China's FDI and CO 2 emissions, and a threshold vector error correction model (TVECM) is used to test how the variables respond to deviations from equilibrium. Then, the Markov switching model is used to test the robustness of the results. The research results show that China, India, South Africa, and other countries all have a nonlinear causal relationship between FDI and CO 2 emissions. At the same time, the comovement of FDI and CO 2 emissions in China has obvious structural break features, which are relevant for the underlying regime. Furthermore, the results also show that the adjustment process of the FDI toward equilibrium is highly persistent in the first regime, and CO 2 emissions will adjust to an equilibrium state at a faster speed in the second regime. Therefore, this paper puts forward different policy suggestions for different countries. For China, we should pay attention to the long-term benefits of FDI and introduce high-tech green FDI.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports including the significance and impact of leadership on success of organization, causal relationship between economic growth and government revenue growth in Ethiopia, and handloom industry in Uttarakhand, India.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad overview of welfare schemes in India and their impact on social protection during a period of high economic growth. It summarizes India's performance with respect to select economic and social indicators relative to select low and middle-income countries in the Asia Pacific region. It further overviews trends in some key select economic and social indicators for India and discusses India's attainment in Social Protection relative to an index of such protection provided by the Asian Development Bank. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a comparative statistical approach and evaluates India's performance in key social welfare areas vis-à-vis that of countries with economic performance comparable to that of India. It also evaluates India's progress along these parameters over time. Findings – The basic messages of this paper are: first, compared to low and middle-income countries in the Asia Pacific India's economic performance has outstripped its performance in social and welfare indicators. Second, nevertheless India is spending less on social welfare programs and other welfare schemes than many countries in the Asia Pacific, including some of those whose economic performance has been less impressive than India's. Third, the efficiency and effectiveness of key welfare programs in India need to be substantially improved. Particular attention needs to be paid to female participation in and their access to social welfare programs. Originality/value – Informed analyses of social sector spending in India and their impact on welfare outcomes are relatively scarce although descriptive studies of social sector spending and welfare schemes abound. This paper attempts to fill this gap with a cross-country as well as intertemporal analysis of India's performance in these key areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The empirical relationship between trade openness and economic growth of India has been a debatable issue. The existing literature fails to provide an unambiguous answer. The paper examines this empirical relationship for the time period 1970-2010 using Vector Autoregression method and demonstrates that the relationship has evolved over time following the regime change in the early 1980s when the Indian economy started to move from a state-led growth model to a pro-market regime. Therefore, any assumption of a static trade-growth nexus may lead to inaccurate findings. Our econometric results indicate that growth in trade volumes accelerates economic growth of India since 1980-81 onwards. We do not find evidence of any significant association between trade barriers and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the analysis of growth using cross-country/ state growth regressions. The paper uses the example of state level growth in India and a case study of the growth experience of the state of Kerala in the 1990s. In practise empirical results using cross-country/ state growth regressions remain disappointing. Orthodox analysis tends to stop with the assumption that it is only an empirical problem. This paper goes on to show that there are also theoretical and finally methodological-ideological problems why empirical results are poor. Each successive problem is engaged with by fewer and fewer researchers. In conclusion, this paper makes a case for the greater use of country case studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the results of a two-year research project on the sources of success in regional clusters of entrepreneurship and innovation like Silicon Valley. Our project has studied a number of locations, most of which have shown spectacular rates of growth of information and communications technology-related activities during the 1990s. Our case studies comprise some emerging regions, notably in Ireland, India, Israel and Taiwan, along with more advanced areas like Northern Virginia in the US, Cambridge, UK, the Scandinavian countries and the Silicon Valley 40 years ago by way of the memory of one of its 'father founders', Gordon Moore. Through visits, interviews and other materials, we uncovered some regularities about the determinants of success of these entrepreneurial-led models of economic growth. We find that the economic factors that give rise to the start of a cluster can be very different from those that keep it going. Agglomeration economies, external effects and 'social increasing returns' of any sort arise almost naturally after a cluster has taken off But the most difficult and risky part is to get the new clusters started. At that stage, 'old economy' factors like firm-building capabilities, managerial skills, a substantial supply of skilled labor and connection to markets were crucial for the take off of these 'new economy' clusters (including Silicon Valley 40 years ago). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of significant and, at the same time, challenging research problems in Economics is measuring the social effect of economic growth (development). Economic growth should never be treated a goal per se. It is rational provided that it brings effects such as, generally speaking, an improvement in the standard of living. However, this is not always the case. Social sciences, including Economics, have not developed any uniform methods of measuring and evaluating such effects yet. This paper constitutes an attempt to measure and evaluate the social effects of the reforms of the Indian economy and state launched in 1991. The analysis covers a period of over twenty years. As a result of the aforementioned reforms, at the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century, India ranked third in the world in terms of GDP (based on purchasing power parity), after the USA and China. So what are the social effects of such a dynamic economic growth? For the purposes of this paper, in order to quantify and evaluate the social effects of the economic growth in India and its dynamics in the analysed time period, the author experimentally adopts a popular socio-demographic index, i.e. the average further life expectancy (e0). This constitutes the so-called natural aggregate (a micro index) applied in social development analyses. It is quite commonly used by Indian economists and statisticians, albeit it is rarely applied in European Economics. The empirical analysis of the trends in the said index proves that the rapid economic growth in India after the year 1991 has brought about substantial increases in the life expectancy of the inhabitants of the country and a diminishing of disparities in this regard on a national scale (in different cross-sections: urban-rural, females-males, as well as in the regional perspective). In the mid-2010s India is almost on a par with the countries with a medium development rate in terms of the life expectancy of its inhabitants and in some states (e.g. Kerala). the value of this index is comparable to that in the highly developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climate change arena comprises a diverse set of interacting actors from international, national and local levels. The multilevel architecture has implications for low-carbon technology deployment in developing countries, an issue salient to both development and climate objectives. The paper examines this theme through two inter-related questions: how do (or don't) low-carbon technologies get deployed in India's built environment, and what implications can be drawn from the Indian case for effective low-carbon technology development and transfer for developing countries? By examining the multilevel linkages in India's buildings sector, the paper shows how the interactions between governance levels can both support and hinder technology deployment, ultimately leading to inadequate outcomes. The potential of these linkages is hobbled by aspects of the national context (federated energy governance and developing-country capacity limitations), yet can also be enabled by other features (the climate policy context, which may motivate international actors to fill domestic capacity lacunae). Reflecting on the India case, the paper makes recommendations for improved low-carbon technology deployment in developing countries: (1) technology development and transfer collaboration on a 'need-driven' approach, (2) development of the specific types of capacity required across the entire innovation chain and (3) domestic strengthening of the coordination and agendas across and between governance levels. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the population transition in China and India during 1950-2015 by decomposing population growth into the growth attributed to the changes in fertility and mortality (intrinsic growth), and the growth attributed to the change in population age composition (momentum growth). The analysis reveals similarities and differences in the population transition path followed by the two countries and suggests that India lags behind China by about 30 years in terms of population transition. The population transition in China has been rapid and inconsistent, while India’s population transition has been slow and consistent. The momentum for growth intrinsic to respective populations has been the main contributor to population growth in both countries. The demographic dividend resulting from population transition in India has been substantially smaller than that in China because of differences in population transition paths. Unlike in China, population transition appears to have contributed only marginally to economic growth in India. This paper emphasises the importance of focussing population policy on the relative contribution of different demographic drivers to population growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the value relevance of segment information for both public and private sector banks in India. In doing so, this paper examines a rapidly developing economy and perhaps its most critical sector during this period of strong economic growth.Design/methodology/approach In this study uses the simplified Ohlson model, for a sample of 136 private sector and public sector banks for the period 2007-2010 in India.Findings The paper finds that public sector banks have higher share prices, higher earnings and more equity compared with private sector banks. Segment earnings data is highly value relevant for both sectors; however, segment equity data is only marginally value relevant for Indian banks. The number of segments is also value relevant and associated with higher share prices.Originality/value The results of this study contribute additional evidence to the literature on segment reporting by studying the effect of adoption of segment reporting in an emerging market. Findings from the paper are particularly relevant as India is currently in the process of changing its segment reporting requirements and moving to an IFRS-based segment standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the historic growth and development of the design sector in India, and evaluates the potential of the industry to contribute to innovation performance as the country’s manufacturing sector continues its expansion via a comparative analysis of design policies in advanced economies and those in India, and an evaluation of the performance of design promotional initiatives, the paper identifies lessons that might be incorporated sensitively into the future elaboration of Indian design policy. The paper concludes that design inputs can contribute to both social and economic development (and to innovation performance in both traditional craft and hi-tech manufacturing). However, it also argues that policy to support intelligent growth, diffusion and take-up of design must be attuned to both qualitative issues of culture, diversity and tradition, and to ‘harder’ issues of location, infrastructure, skills, investment and demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing sector is the backbone of any economy. It fuels growth, productivity, employment, and strengthens the agricultural sector and the service sector. With, the gradual slowdown of the world economy and slowing down of consumption demand, it is pertinent to strengthen the country's manufacturing export growth by overcoming the bottlenecks of high cost of capital, lack of economies of scale, inflexible labour laws, inadequate infrastructure, lack of branding, trade barriers etc. Through this paper, I attempt to identify the problems faced by the manufacturing sector in the first part of the paper. In the second part of the paper I critically examine the newly launched Make in India initiative and analyse its strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. And try to find out whether the efforts of the government to make manufacturing a key engine for India's economic growth are giving fruitful results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation has been considered as one of the key drivers of economic development for any nation. In the rural context, the innovation concept is applied with the intention to determine new ways to solve traditional and emerging problems that the rural people face. The innovation network concept has in the rural context become extremely important because it assists to complement scarce resources and create new opportunities for rural development base by establishing a relationship between rural actors with other actors. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to identify variables of innovation network and to conceptualize innovation network in the rural context. The study has been executed through a field survey of the rural entrepreneurs, through interviews and closed ended questionnaires in rural regions of Gujarat in India. This paper has used exploratory factor analysis in order to investigate factors that might explain the underlying belief of rural entrepreneurs about innovation networks. The paper finds out three factors, namely: (a) innovation network with a private organization, (b) innovation network with NGOs, and (c) innovation network with public organizations. The finding of this study revealed that production enhancement, information accessibility, skill development and entrepreneurial opportunities are considered the most important criteria for conceptualization of innovation network in the rural context. This study allows for implications to be made for rural entrepreneurship development and policy formation. In future research there remains the scope to incorporate larger sample data, greater number of variables of innovation network and conduct the study in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chaotic structure of air pollution, human health, the evidence of cointegration and causality between the air pollution, transportation, tourism, construction, and manufacturing industries and the evidence of cointegration and causality between the air pollution, transportation, tourism, construction, and manufacturing industries and mortality rate were explored for China, India, and Turkey in the period of 1975-2018 by using four different methods. Firstly, Lyapunov and Shannon tests were applied to determine chaotic dynamics. The maximum Lyapunov test, for the selected variables, found the evidence of chaotic dynamics. Secondly, Fourier ADF and NL tests were applied. Fourier unit root test determined stationary of the variables. Thirdly, bootstrapping autoregressive distributed lag with Fourier transformation (FBARDL) was used to determine the evidence of cointegration between the variables with two different models. FBARDL test determined that the manufacturing, tourism, transport, and construction industries, air pollution, and mortality rate have evidence of cointegration in different two models. Lastly, the causality test with Fourier transformation was used to determine the direction of causality between the variables. Granger causality test determined that there is evidence of one-way causality running from transportation, tourism, construction, and manufacturing industries to air pollution and mortality rates. Accordingly, the results of this paper suggest air pollution and human health have chaotic behaviors. Air pollution has a complex, multi-variable, and multi-coupling system. Air pollutants influencing factors and air pollution itself have adverse effects on human health.

Climate change issue has evolved as a central policy of the Government of India. The crux of the policy is centered on the economic development. Internationally, India has been consistently resisting the developed country's climate policy as the policy might threaten New Delhi's economic development prospect. However, the recent evidence of climate change threat to the economic development compelled political leaders to design the domestic climate policy—the National Action Plan on Climate Change—which is consistent with the country's economic development. Considering the global climate diplomacy, this paper examines the evolution of India's domestic climate change-development discourse and how climate change has been constructed as a major threat at the highest political level that securitises the country's economic development. The threat discourse is explained from the standpoint of the securitisation theory to explore three core constituents of India's domestic climate policy: the referent object, securitising actors and the audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Problems of Sustainable Development / Problemy Ekorozwoju is the property of Faculty of Environmental Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The adverse impacts of climate change have occupied central theme of many policy initiatives. This paper investigated the impact of economic development, fossil fuel consumptions and population density on CO2 in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh using annual data over the period 1971–2014. We have applied panel Autoregressive distributed lags model to estimate the long‐run dynamics and Vector error correction model specified Granger causality test for finding the causality direction. Using three multivariate equations model, the empirical outcome of our study has established key associations that have crucial policy implications. Firstly, the results of auto‐regressive distributed lags (ARDL) confirmed the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis that the relationship between CO2 and economic development is U‐shaped. Moreover, fossil fuel consumption and population density have a positive impact on CO2 emission in the long run. VECM test evidence suggests that short‐run causalities from economic development to CO2, population density to CO2 and fossil fuel consumption to CO2 exist. Secondly, CO2 has a negative impact on economic development while the impacts of fossil fuel, FDI and total exports on economic development have been significantly positive in the long run. In short run, CO2, fossil fuel consumption and FDI Granger cause economic development. Lastly, CO2 emission negatively influences population density while economic development positively affects population density in long run. Moreover, short‐run causalities from economic development to population density and CO2 to population density exit. For policy drives, efficient and low carbon emission technologies should be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is an engine for economic growth in the modern technological age and knowledge-centric economy. However, protecting the rights of innovators and rewarding them legally is a major constraint due to a lot of procedural hurdles and time consuming processes. IPR boosts the economic growth and development of the nation, which in turn may propel the AATMANIRBHAR movement of India. In this background, it was deemed necessary to present the status and trends of Indian patents and patentees in recent times. The present research work would provide a road map for future self-reliant Indian economic development. Secondary data for the last decade relating to IPR was collected from websites, research papers, journals, books, newsletters, and the WIPO website. It is recommended that the legal hassles involved in obtaining IPR and other paperwork may be excluded with a view to making patenting much easier for the beneficiaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Most of the research studies on entry mode have been done through the lens of manufacturing firms from mature economic countries entering the Global South countries, and most of the related frameworks and theories have been developed to explain this perspective. This paper presents an understanding of entry mode strategies of services firms from the Global South countries entering into countries with mature economies by considering six software services firms in India entering the US market. The study develops a framework that incorporates multiple theories – both from an emerging economy perspective as well as a services perspective. Design/methodology/approach: This study is exploratory in nature and focuses on the how and why aspects of strategic decisions. Qualitative research has traditionally been chosen when the main research objective is to improve understanding of a phenomenon. A multiple case study approach was used in this research. One of the key aspects of this study is the impact of different theories (institutional, network and other theories) on enterprises of different sizes. Therefore six cases – two each on small, medium and large enterprises – were selected. Findings: Results identify addressable market size, cultural aspects, firm size, resource and service characteristics as dominating factors that influenced choice of entry modes. From a theoretical perspective, the author finds that theories such as transaction cost theory, eclectic paradigm and other popular theories associated with entry mode do not successfully explain the entry mode strategies for firms from the Global South. Strategic theory, such as resource-based view, motivation of a firm, have some application but do not explain, in isolation, all aspects of the entry mode choices. Research limitations/implications: The study is an exploratory study and needs more data to validate the themes expressed in its conclusions. The study also focused on one industry and one country. Different industries within the same country may have different characteristics and may not follow the observations found in this study. Similarly, firms from other countries with similar economic characteristics may exhibit very different behavior. As a result, the themes that were expressed for software companies in India may not be generalizable across other industries and countries. Originality/value: This study is significant for both academics and managers. For academics, the study addresses a significant gap in the literature. For managers, this study provides a framework for managers to evaluate and select the entry mode strategy that would be most effective in a successful expansion into foreign countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is one of the world's largest emerging economies and, therefore, has a critical role to play in ensuring global sustainability, while the Indian economy is also prioritizing energy security. The paper explores the dynamic linkages between energy security captured through national-level energy use, foreign direct investment (FDI), economic output, carbon emissions, and trade openness in India spanning the period from 1978 to 2016 in a multivariate framework based on the theoretical premise of an Environmental Kuznets Curve. Time series econometric modelling based on the ARDL model and VECM Granger causality tests are employed for this purpose. The results confirm the presence of a co-integrating relationship and finds a strong energy-output-CO 2 -FDI long-run nexus. A 1% increase in FDI results in a 0.013% reduction in energy use. Energy use is found to be Granger caused by output, carbon emissions, FDI and trade openness in the long-run. The adoption of energy-efficient techniques through FDI is essential for reducing carbon emissions in India based on our findings. The Indian government should also galvanize FDI inflow in the renewable energy sectors by assuring incentives to investors to concurrently achieve favorable macroeconomic outcomes and ensure sustainable economic development. These are globally important policy lessons for other developing and emerging economies., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including human development, growth, and India.

KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES IS A MAJOR WING IN MSMES. THE PRESENT STUDY IS ANALYTICAL IN NATURE AND IS ENTIRELY BASED ON SECONDARY DATA. SECONDARY DATA RELATED TO THE PRODUCTION, SALES AND EMPLOYMENT OF KHADI& VILLAGE INDUSTRIES OF INDIA ARE COLLECTED FROM THE VARIOUS ANNUAL REPORTS OF MSMES GENERATED BY THE MINISTRY OF MSME, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND ANNUAL REPORTS OF KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES COMMISSION (KVIC). THE ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE MSME SECTOR FROM 2010-11 TO 2020-21 HAS BEEN ANALYZED AND EVALUATED TO DRAW THE CONCLUSION. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO ANALYSE THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR IN TERMS OF PRODUCTION, SALES AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION. AS WELL AS IT STUDIES THE BUDGET SUPPORT TO THE KVIC SECTOR BY THE GOVERNMENT. DATA INDICATE THAT THE KVI SECTOR MADE A MAJOR CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT. HOWEVER, THIS SECTOR IS PERFORMING WELL, WITH INCREASING PRODUCTION AND SALES. COMPARED TO OTHER INDUSTRIES, THE KVI GROWTH IS SLOWER THAN OTHER SECTOR INDUSTRIES. IN THE KHADI SECTOR, EMPLOYMENT IS LOWER THAN AVERAGE. IT IS REPORTED THAT ALMOST 95% OF THE YEARLY BUDGET'S MONEY HAVE BEEN DISBURSED. FOR CALCULATION OF RESULTS OF CORRELATION HAS BEEN USED AND CONCLUDED THAT PRODUCTION AND SALES KHADI SECTOR AND VILLAGE INDUSTRY IS POSITIVELY HIGHLY CORRELATED. TO IMPROVE THE RURAL ECONOMY AND CREATE JOBS IN RURAL REGIONS, THE GOVERNMENT HAS TAKEN A NUMBER OF STEPS IN THE DIRECTION OF THE KVI SECTOR. DESPITE THE FIERCE COMPETITION, THE ENTIRE PERFORMANCE OF KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR HAS BEEN OUTSTANDING. SALES AND PRODUCTION ARE ENCOURAGED BY THE KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SEVERAL PLANS FOR THE KVI SECTOR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the relationships between the energy consumption, GDP growth and CO2 emission, using Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model for BRIC countries over the period 1960-2006. Our results reveal that environmental quality in these countries has increasingly suffered from high energy consumption. Moreover, rapid economic growth and international trade in energy intensive goods have progressively increased energy consumption. This suggests that excessively high economic growth is a curse for environmental quality and energy conservation policies to reduce unnecessary wastage of energy should be kicked off for energy-dependent BRIC countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the emissions of SO2, NO2 and SPM in India during 1991-2003. The Environmental Kuznets' Curve (EKC) is applied to explore the relationship between economic development measured in terms of State Domestic Product (SDP) per capita and different air quality parameters for industrial and residential locations respectively. Several developmental factors contribute to change in emissions of these air quality parameters. These factors generally include the scale effect, composition effect and the pollution abatement effect. Design/methodology/approach - The methodology has focused on testing the EKC hypothesis at state level in India, using cross-section and time series data for 15 major states. The study has made use of fixed effect version of pooled data estimation technique. Findings - The findings in the paper indicate only a directional inverted U-shaped EKC relationship for both industrial and residential locations, without being significant statistically. Basically, some developmental factors such as population density, urbanization and policy variables are significant with expected signs in explaining the relationship for most of the cases. The calculated turning point of SDP per capita for different air quality parameters ranges between $163.46 and $408.66 Research limitations/implications - The present study has been restricted to a shorter time period (i.e. 1991-2003) because of the unavailability of continuous time series data. The study only includes 15 major Indian states and excludes other states due to lack of proper data sources. Practical implications - The inclusion of several developmental variables (such as urbanization, infrastructure development, population density, policy) helps to detect whether the emissions of different air quality is mainly due to economic growth or other reasons. Originality/value - The investigation in the paper allows determination of the level of SDP per capita, the emissions of different types of air quality will start to decrease in different Indian states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the link between capital account liberalization and growth for a cross - section of seventeen developing countries, including India, both theoretically and empirically. It also explores the different measures of capital account openness and the empirical evidence on the association between financial openness and growth. Theoretically, capital account openness leads to growth through two main channels: increase in aggregate investment and an improvement in productivity and efficiency. Existing empirical evidence however suggests that the link between capital account openness and economic growth is weak. The paper uses a de jure measure of capital account convertibility, calculated as the proportion of capital flows to total flow of funds. The results find a positive association between financial openness and growth. However growth is associated with an increase in the efficiency of inputs rather than due to an increase in investment per se. JEL Classification Numbers: F21, F36, F43. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the existence of speculative bubbles in the Indian stock market using both monthly and weekly returns for the period 1990-2007. Further, a year-by-year analysis using weekly returns was also carried out to test for the existence of bubbles in each individual year. The results suggest that no speculative bubbles were present in the Indian stock market for the sample period considered for this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to bring out the shortcomings of the ETA model imported from developed countries when it is assessed for its focus on poverty alleviation in a developing nation (India) and to suggest improvements in the existing framework. Design/methodologylapproach - The paper explores the current performance of ETA process in India, critically analyses the philosophy of continued sidelining of environmental protection in favour of unrestricted economic growth in the light of evidence regarding growing inequality. Findings - The paper finds that for the proponent driven ETA model to contribute towards poverty alleviation, a new ‘socio-ecological linkage document’ is needed. This will bring out the fragile linkages that marginalized communities have with their local ecosystems and can be prepared with the help of local ecological knowledge. A framework to integrate the socio-ecological linkage document into the ETA-SEA-SA domain is presented. Practical implications - The paper shows that the supportive framework of generating the ‘socio-ecological linkage document’ has the potential to enhance the EIA-SEA-SA process in terms of ensuring that plans, policies, programs and projects are sensitive to the need of ecosystem dependent poor. Originality/value - The paper proposes a framework to support the alternative thinking that poverty alleviation can be enhanced through preservation of ecosystem linkages, in contrast to the modern paradigm of economic growth at the cost of ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing played an important part in sustaining India's economic growth in the 1970s and 1980s. The economic reforms of the early 1990s did not lead to sustained growth of the manufacturing sector. After an acceleration in the mid-1990s, growth slowed in the decade's second half. The analysis presented in this paper reveals that manufacturing-sector growth in the post-reform period is "input driven" rather than "efficiency driven," with significant levels of technical inefficiency. The paper advocates policies to improve production efficiency by encouraging investment in research and development, technical training for workers, and technology-aided managerial processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]