20 results
Search Results
2. Urbanization, informal economy, and ecological footprint quality in South Asia.
- Author
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Qayyum U, Sabir S, and Anjum S
- Subjects
- Bangladesh, Carbon Dioxide analysis, India, Economic Development, Urbanization
- Abstract
In recent years, South Asian economies have observed rapid urbanization along with expanding informal economy that poses a serious threat to environmental quality. This study examines the impact of urbanization and informal economy on the ecological footprint of selected South Asian countries. Results indicate that urbanization and informal economy increase the environmental degradation in South Asia and the estimates are statistically significant in the long run. In the short run, urbanization positively affects the ecological footprint in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal except India, while the informal economy also enhances environmental degradation for all the selected countries except Bangladesh. Most surprisingly, the interaction term of urbanization and informal economy has a negative impact on ecological footprint, and the coefficient is statistically significant as well. To combat the environmental issues in South Asia, detailed policy recommendations have been suggested at the end., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Exploring the relationship between remittances received, education expenditures, energy use, income, poverty, and economic growth: fresh empirical evidence in the context of selected remittances receiving countries.
- Author
-
Zaman S, Wang Z, and Zaman QU
- Subjects
- Bangladesh, Carbon Dioxide analysis, China, Egypt, Energy Metabolism, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Economic Development, Poverty
- Abstract
This study explores the relationship between remittances received, education expenditure, energy use, income, poverty, and economic growth for a panel of the nine selected remittance-receiving countries (Bangladesh, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Philippines). World Development Indicator database is used for retrieving data from the period of 1990 to 2014. Panel cointegration technique is used to test the long-run relationship among studied variables. Furthermore, the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model is applied to confirm the presence of a long-run and short-run relationship. The findings of the ARDL model indicate that remittances received positively influence economic growth, and there is a significant relationship between remittances received and economic growth during the long-run. Education expenditure, energy use, and income also positively and significantly impact economic growth during the long-run. In contrast, final household consumption used in this study as a proxy of poverty showed a significant negative effect on economic growth during the long-run, which indicates that increasing poverty will reduce economic growth; on the other hand, reducing poverty will boost economic growth in the selected countries during the long-run.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Economic Growth and Higher Education in South Asian Countries: Evidence from Econometrics
- Author
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Hussaini, Nilofer
- Abstract
South Asian economies has witnessed very slow growth over the years and the gap has widened manifold between other nations of Asia particularly East Asian nations and South Asian nations. This paper examines co-integration between the economic growth and reach of higher education in South Asian nations explaining this disparity. The research employed an econometric panel co-integration investigation to analyse the long run relationship of higher education and economic growth among these nations. The research confirmed positive long run causality between the economic growth of the South Asian nations and gross enrolment ratio of higher education. So, if the South Asian nations continue with their existing pattern of paying less attention to higher education by allocating low share of investment on it, poor human capital formation would result in growing further economic disparity between developed and South Asian nations where rich nations would remain richer and poor nations would remain poor with the gap remaining unabridged. This research will serve as an aid to policy makers, educators and financers of South Asian nations to bridge the gap between high- and low-income nations. The focus on the quantum of spending on higher education by the government will help improve the reach of tertiary education and build economic prosperity in these nations.
- Published
- 2020
5. Educational Poverty by Design: A Case of Mismanagement of National Resources
- Author
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Ahmad, Nisar
- Abstract
The primary purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate the causes of educational poverty in less developed countries. The basic intent in carrying out such a study is to define and derive the role of governing agencies in deliberately creating educational poverty in the country, so that the private interest of the rich and powerful ruling class can be fully safeguarded. This study is of crucial interest to the common man because majority of the people living in less developed countries are poor in spite of the fact, that almost all these countries own ample human and material resources. However, the common man in these countries is continuously suffering, generation after generation, and has been denied access to basic amenities of life. The rich and powerful ruling class, in majority of the less developed countries, has intentionally denied basic education facilities to its people for keeping them ignorant and unaware of their fundamental rights to share national resources and to gain competence for comfortable living in the society. The paper advocates a complete reversal in economic growth policies of the less developed countries so that top priority is given to those projects and programs that directly benefit the common man in the society. In this respect, the author calls for awareness among the people to exercise their economic and social rights so that people of all the strata can share equally the fruits of growth and prosperity.
- Published
- 2013
6. Literacy for Sustainable Development in the Age of Information. Language and Education Library 14.
- Author
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Rassool, Naz and Rassool, Naz
- Abstract
This book examines literacy for sustainable development in the age of information. It begins by discussing the relationship between literacy and hegemony, social policy, national language policy, colonial relations, and postcolonial realities. Also discussed in the introduction are views and definitions of literacy and considerations in mapping a typology of literacy. Part 1 explores the theoretical frameworks of literacy and the disparate ways literacy has featured in academic discourse. Part 2, which focuses on older literacy discourses and practices within the framework of the nation-state, contains chapters devoted to the following issues: (1) literacy as a social practice in terms of its relationship with institutions, political systems, structures, and processes within the nation-state; (2) historical links between literacy and social development; and (3) lessons from the mass literacy campaigns that featured in the drive for modernization in the 1970s. Part 3, which considers the impact of globalization on literacy concepts and definitions, addresses the following topics: (1) technological and cultural transformations; (2) changing definitions of "text" within the information society; (3) conceptualizing literacy, knowledge, and power in the information society; and (4) moving toward "communicative competence" for democratic participation in the information society. (Ten tables/figures are included. The bibliography lists 317 references.) (MN)
- Published
- 1999
7. People's Participation, Development Issues, Literacy. Courier No. 36.
- Author
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Asian - South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education.
- Abstract
This issue of the Courier contains articles loosely connected to each other by the underlying theme of developing people's capacity to improve the quality of their lives. The following articles are included: "Development of Human Resources--A Basic Needs Approach," by Mohiuddin Ahmad; "Rural Poverty," by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization; "Overseas Students--Educating for Development or Privilege?" by Chris Duke; "Kemas: Kemajuan Masyarakat--Development of Society," by the Community Development Division, Ministry of National and Rural Development, Malaysia; "Two Worlds within Each Society: Lokayan's Efforts to Overcome the New Rift," by Rajni Kothari; "The Nepal Literacy Program," by World Education; and "Scheme of Developing the Peasants' Education Undertakings 1983-85, Jilin Province, China," by the Jilin Department of Education. (KC)
- Published
- 1986
8. Engineering Education in Bangladesh--An Indicator of Economic Development
- Author
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Chowdhury, Harun and Alam, Firoz
- Abstract
Developing nations including Bangladesh are significantly lagging behind the millennium development target due to the lack of science, technology and engineering education. Bangladesh as a least developing country has only 44 engineers per million people. Its technological education and gross domestic product growth are not collinear. Although limited progress was made in humanities, basic sciences, agriculture and medical sciences, a vast gap is left in technical and engineering education. This paper describes the present condition of engineering education in the country and explores ways to improve engineering education in order to meet the national as well as global skills demand. (Contains 3 tables and 7 figures.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Training Educational Personnel for Integrated Curriculum. Report of a Seminar on Further Training of National Officials and Specialists on Integration of the Curriculum at the Primary Level (Dhaka, Bangladesh, June 1-10, 1983).
- Author
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Regional Office for Education in Asia and the Pacific.
- Abstract
This document comprises three sets of papers produced by a subregional seminar of the Asian Programme of Educational Innovation for Development (APEID). The first chapter is an overview of experiences in orientation and training of key educational personnel in integrated curriculum. Chapter 2 consists of guidelines and checklists for developing training programs and materials. Chapter 3 consists of selected exemplary materials resulting from workshops at the seminar: (1) a training manual from Korea on "Teaching Pleasant Life"; (2) instructional modules on using local, low-cost resources and community participation (Korea), developing questioning skills in environmental studies (Nepal), and principles of the integrated curriculum (Korea); (3) teacher leaflets from Bangladesh on improving pupil enrollment, encouraging community participation in schools, preparing an individual lesson, and identifying and helping physically handicapped children; (4) teacher guides from India on food, good habits, and life of plants and animals; and (5) instructional plans on receiving guests and on food from Thailand. Appended are the agenda of the conference, a list of participants, and a list of documents. (TE)
- Published
- 1984
10. CO2 emission, economic development, fossil fuel consumption and population density in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh: A panel investigation.
- Author
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Uzair Ali, Muhammad, Gong, Zhimin, Ali, Muhammad Ubaid, Asmi, Fahad, and Muhammad, Rizwanullah
- Subjects
KUZNETS curve ,ENERGY consumption ,FOSSIL fuels ,POPULATION density ,ECONOMIC development ,GRANGER causality test - Abstract
The adverse impacts of climate change have occupied central theme of many policy initiatives. This paper investigated the impact of economic development, fossil fuel consumptions and population density on CO2 in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh using annual data over the period 1971–2014. We have applied panel Autoregressive distributed lags model to estimate the long‐run dynamics and Vector error correction model specified Granger causality test for finding the causality direction. Using three multivariate equations model, the empirical outcome of our study has established key associations that have crucial policy implications. Firstly, the results of auto‐regressive distributed lags (ARDL) confirmed the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis that the relationship between CO2 and economic development is U‐shaped. Moreover, fossil fuel consumption and population density have a positive impact on CO2 emission in the long run. VECM test evidence suggests that short‐run causalities from economic development to CO2, population density to CO2 and fossil fuel consumption to CO2 exist. Secondly, CO2 has a negative impact on economic development while the impacts of fossil fuel, FDI and total exports on economic development have been significantly positive in the long run. In short run, CO2, fossil fuel consumption and FDI Granger cause economic development. Lastly, CO2 emission negatively influences population density while economic development positively affects population density in long run. Moreover, short‐run causalities from economic development to population density and CO2 to population density exit. For policy drives, efficient and low carbon emission technologies should be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. An empirical analysis of the non-linear impacts of ICT-trade openness on renewable energy transition, energy efficiency, clean cooking fuel access and environmental sustainability in South Asia.
- Author
-
Murshed M
- Subjects
- Bangladesh, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Cooking, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Reproducibility of Results, Sri Lanka, Economic Development, Renewable Energy
- Abstract
Energy security and environmental sustainability have become an integral policy agenda worldwide whereby the global economic growth policies are being restructured to ensure the reliability of energy supply and safeguard environmental well-being as well. However, technological inefficiency is one of the major hindrances in attaining these over-arching goals. Hence, this paper probed into the non-linear impacts of ICT trade on the prospects of undergoing renewable energy transition, improving energy use efficiencies, enhancing access to cleaner cooking fuels, and mitigating carbon dioxide emissions across selected South Asian economies: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Maldives. The results from the econometric analyses reveal that ICT trade directly increases renewable energy consumption, enhances renewable energy shares, reduces intensity of energy use, facilitates adoption of cleaner cooking fuels, and reduces carbon-dioxide emissions. Moreover, ICT trade also indirectly mitigates carbon-dioxide emissions through boosting renewable energy consumption levels, improving energy efficiencies, and enhancing cleaner cooking fuel access. Hence, these results, in a nutshell, portray the significance of reducing the barriers to ICT trade with respect to ensuring energy security and environmental sustainability across South Asia. Therefore, it is ideal for the government to gradually lessen the trade barriers to boost the volumes of cross-border flows of green ICT commodities. Besides, it is also recommended to attract foreign direct investments for the potential development of the respective ICT sectors of the South Asian economies.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Does Financial Development Cause Economic Growth? A Panel Data Dynamic Analysis for the Asian Developing Countries.
- Author
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Habibullah, MuzafarShah and Eng, Yoke-Kee
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,DEVELOPING countries ,ECONOMIC indicators - Abstract
This paper examines the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth of the Asian developing countries from a panel data perspective and uses the system GMM technique developed by Arellano & Bover (1995) and Blundell & Bond (1998) and conducts causality testing analysis. The panel data sets involve 13 Asian developing countries: Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, South Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippine, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Thailand for the period 1990–1998. The result of our study is in agreement with other causality studies by Calderon & Liu (2003), Fase & Abma (2003), and Christopoulos & Tsionas (2004) that financial development promotes growth, thus supporting the old Schumpeterian hypothesis and Patrick's ‘supply-leading’ hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. When and why does Bangladesh’s inflation differ from India’s?
- Author
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Paul, Biru Paksha and Zaman, Hassan
- Subjects
PRICE inflation ,INDIAN economy, 1991- ,ECONOMIC development ,MONETARY policy ,GROSS domestic product ,GROWTH rate ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
India and Bangladesh share a common historical background, geographical proximity, institutional similarities and a policy shift towards economic liberalization since the early 1990s. Inflation between these countries, however, often remains remarkably different, and the series of inflation differential between them does not follow any consistent pattern over time, suggesting an intriguing area of investigation. Working over the 1979–2010 period, this study finds support in favour of the Friedman hypothesis of the primacy of money supply in determining inflation in a country after accounting for supply shocks. In an autoregressive distributed lag model, this work shows that Bangladesh experienced higher inflation than India whenever Bangladesh’s money supply grew faster than India’s. The same is true for India as well, suggesting that both central banks must maintain their restrained stance in money supply if they need to lower inflation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. EVOLUTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STATE AND NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS: A SOUTH ASIAN PERSPECTIVE.
- Author
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Nair, Padmaja
- Subjects
NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations -- Social aspects ,CHARITIES -- Government policy ,PUBLIC welfare ,SOCIAL development ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
SUMMARY Non-government organisations (NGOs) have become a critical constituent of the larger civil society, and their activities have been institutionalised into the development process. Under the title 'NGO', they are only a few decades old in the region, but they had an earlier life as 'voluntary' organisations. In the context of the Indian sub-continent, NGOs evolved from institutions of charity and welfare, mainly within the prerogative of kings and philanthropists, to become stakeholders in the development process and the self-appointed well-wishers of poor and marginalised communities. In their journey, they were sometimes partners and collaborators with the state, sometimes advocates and sometimes adversaries. The state-NGO relationship evolved through various political regimes and was marked by tensions-at times overt and at times hidden. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The political economy of electricity trade and hydropower development in eastern South Asia.
- Author
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Pillai, Aditya Valiathan and Prasai, Sagar
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,ELECTRICITY ,WATER power - Abstract
This article frames the political economy of electricity trade and hydropower development in eastern South Asia. It distils and analyzes four crucial variables in this regard: the health of distribution companies in India; the role of hydropower in India's ambitious turn to renewable energy; Bangladesh's power crisis and import dependency; and the governance of regional electricity trading arrangements. It argues that progress in both electricity trade and hydropower development in the region will be incremental in the next decade, hindered by mixed demand signals and the turbulence of geopolitics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Freshwater, climate change and adaptation in the Ganges River Basin.
- Author
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Hosterman, Heather R., McCornick, Peter G., Kistin, Elizabeth J., Sharma, Bharat, and Bharati, Luna
- Subjects
FRESH water ,CLIMATE change ,BIOLOGICAL adaptation ,WATERSHEDS ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Climate change is one of the drivers of change in the Ganges River Basin, together with population growth, economic development and water management practices. These changing circumstances have a significant impact on key social and economic sectors of the basin, largely through changes in water quantity, quality and timing of availability. This paper evaluates the impact of water on changing circumstances in three sectors of the Ganges Basin - agriculture, ecosystems and energy. Given the inherent interconnectedness of these core sectors and the cross-cutting impact of changing circumstances on water resources, we argue that adaptation should not be viewed as a separate initiative, but rather as a goal and perspective incorporated into every level of planning and decision making. Adaptation to changing circumstances will need to be closely linked to water resource management and will require significant collaboration across the sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The Fuse in the Subcontinent.
- Author
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Deutschman, Paul
- Subjects
SOVEREIGNTY ,TAX & expenditure limitations ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
The article focuses on the fiscal problems which will persist in multiplicity and the whole set of new problems that must be faced as a result of East Bengal's emergence as the sovereign state of Bangladesh. Theoretically, Bangladesh is dependent upon India; in fact, it is dependent upon the United States. But the most far-reaching possible consequence of Bangladesh, is a somewhat "philosophical" one: namely, the threat posed to the very existence of Pakistan itself as a sovereign state. It follows that Bangladesh is a threat-in-being to the entire subcontinent. The subcontinent might be fragmented and reformed into a number of new states taking little cognizance of present Indian- Pakistani-Kashmiri-Bangladeshi, or whatever, borders.
- Published
- 1972
18. Remittances and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka.
- Author
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Siddique, Abu, Selvanathan, E.A., and Selvanathan, Saroja
- Subjects
REMITTANCES ,ECONOMIC development ,MIGRANT labor ,INCOME - Abstract
In many developing countries, remittance payments from migrant workers are increasingly becoming a significant source of export income. This article investigates the causal link between remittances and economic growth in three countries, Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka, by employing the Granger causality test under a Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework (Granger, C.W.J. (1988) Some recent developments in the concept of causality. Journal of Econometrics, 39, pp. 199–211). Using time series data over a 25-year period, we found that growth in remittances does lead to economic growth in Bangladesh. In India, there seems to be no causal relationship between growth in remittances and economic growth; but in Sri Lanka, a two-way directional causality is found; namely economic growth influences growth in remittances and vice-versa. The article also discusses a number of policy issues arising from the causality results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Fully connected Bayesian belief networks: A modeling procedure with a case study of the Ganges river basin.
- Author
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Varis, Olli, Rahaman, Muhammad Mizanur, and Kajander, Tommi
- Subjects
GRAPHICAL modeling (Statistics) ,DECISION making ,WATERSHEDS ,ECONOMIC development ,NATURAL resources - Abstract
The use of Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) in modeling of environmental and natural resources systems has gradually grown, and they have become one of the mainstream approaches in the field. They are typically used in modeling complex systems in which policy or management decisions must be made under high uncertainties. This article documents an approach to constructing large and highly complex BBNs using a matrix representation of the model structure. This approach allows smooth construction of highly complicated models with intricate likelihood structures. A case study of the Ganges river basin, the most populated river basin of the planet, is presented. Four different development scenarios were investigated with the purpose of reaching the Millennium Development Goals and Integrated Water Resources Management goals, both promoted by the United Nations Agencies. The model results warned against the promotion of economic development policies that do not place strong emphasis on social and environmental concerns. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012; 8: 491-502. © SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Social Capital and Community Development: An Analysis of Two Cases from India and Bangladesh.
- Author
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Bhuiyan, Shahjahan H
- Subjects
INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,COMMUNITY development ,SUSTAINABLE development ,ECONOMIC development ,SOCIOECONOMICS - Abstract
This article explores the role of social capital in community development by focusing on two South Asian case studies drawn from India and Bangladesh. Both studies recognized social capital as a useful resource, which facilitates social interaction and promotes mutual support and cooperation and thus improves participants’ livelihood through income generation, better community governance and capacity building. An important observation is that social capital yields superior outcome if it is used in line with the local conditions of a given society. The findings suggest lessons for policy planners, donor agencies, development practitioners, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society to use social capital as a resource in order to achieve sustainable community development. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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