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This paper examines how the worship of ancient wisdom affects economic progress in historical China, where the learned class embraced classical wisdom for millennia but encountered the shock of Western industrial influence in the mid-nineteenth century. Using the number of sage temples to measure the strength of classical worship in 269 prefectures, I find that classical worship discouraged intellectuals from appreciating modern learning and thus inhibited industrialization between 1858 and 1927. By contrast, industrialization grew faster in regions less constrained by classicism. This finding implies the importance of cultural entrepreneurship, or the lack thereof, in shaping modern economic growth. "The humor of blaming the present, and admiring the past, is strongly rooted in human nature, and has an influence even on persons endued with the profoundest judgment and most extensive learning." —David Hume (1754, p. 464). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population aging has become a social issue of concern to the whole world, and as the world's most populous country, how to cope with population aging will be a hot issue that all sectors of Chinese society must think about. This paper uses provincial panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2021 to study the relationship between population aging and economic development based on the perspective of health expenditure. The DIFF-GMM model, the fixed effect model (FE), and fixed effect instrumental variable model (FE-IV) are used to test this study. The following two conclusions are drawn from the empirical study: (1) population aging has a significant inhibitory effect on economic development, while health expenditures have a significant promotional effect on economic development; and (2) increased health expenditures help to alleviate the negative impact of population aging on economic development. However, the deepening of population aging will likewise inhibit the positive effect of health expenditure on economic growth. Based on the conclusions of the study, it is recommended that the government and society should continue to increase spending in the field of health protection, encourage and guide residents to carry out self-care, and moderately increase personal health expenditure, to promote economic development with healthy bodies and realize the goal of "Healthy China". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes panel data from 30 provinces in mainland China from 2011 to 2020 to investigate the impact of carbon-neutral development on economic high-quality development by constructing an economic high-quality development index and a carbon-neutral development index. Firstly, the study examines the effects of carbon-neutral development on economic high-quality development using baseline regression and spatial Durbin regression. The results indicate that carbon-neutral development has a positive direct effect on economic high-quality growth, but there are negative spatial spillover effects. Secondly, this study employs total factor productivity (TFP) as an intermediate variable in the mediation model regression. The findings demonstrate that carbon-neutral development significantly improves TFP, and the significant improvement in TFP promotes high-quality economic growth. Lastly, the study conducts regional heterogeneity analysis and finds a significant promoting effect of carbon-neutral development on economic high-quality development in the eastern and central regions of China, while it is not significant in the western region. Therefore, it is recommended that China, in the process of achieving carbon-neutral growth, consider the geographical connections between different regions to prevent negative spillover effects. Additionally, regional heterogeneity should be taken into account when formulating relevant policies to promote economic high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With China's rapid economic development, disparities within provinces have increased, leading to significant regional inequality. The goal of financial inclusion is to provide financial services to lag-behind regions and disadvantaged groups to promote economic growth and enhance competitiveness. Further investigation is needed to determine whether digital financial inclusion has contributed to greater inclusion or aggravated regional inequality due to the digital divide. The main aim of this study is to examine the inclusive effects and competitiveness gains of digital financial inclusion from the perspective of regional inequality. By analyzing 23 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2019 through the panel fixed effects model, the results support the existence of a digital divide, which creates regional inequality. Further analysis of the moderating effects reveals that the elimination of the digital divide by digital competitiveness reduces the effect of regional inequality's impact on digital financial inclusion. The advantages of digital financial inclusion to improve competitiveness are already beginning to emerge. This paper reveals that digital financial inclusion has a non-linear threshold effect. At a time of rapid growth in digital financial inclusion, it is crucial to be aware of the inequalities brought on by the digital divide and, more importantly, to capture the beneficial effects of digital competitiveness to enhance regional competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality innovation is an inevitable requirement for high-quality economic development, and an accurate grasp of the regional distribution characteristics of the level of highquality innovation development (HQID) can better understand and simulate high-quality innovation. This paper constructs a dataset of high-value inventions based on the Chinese patent database using textual analysis methods and the criteria for High-Quality Inventions proposed by the State Intellectual Property Office, and explores inter-provincial variability and convergence by using the Theil index, α convergence, and β convergence. This paper finds that High-Quality Inventions are significantly and positively correlated with various indicators measuring the quality and value of patents. In general, the overall level of HQID is on an upward trend with clear differences among provinces, which shows a regional unbalanced but overall rapid development. From the regional differences of HQID, the regional differences of HQID have been narrowed, mainly within the region. In terms of the convergence of HQID, α convergence, absolute β convergence, conditional β convergence, and club convergence exist nationally and within each region, which indicates that the gap between the national and regional levels of HQID has been narrowing over time. HQID has a positive promotion effect on the relationship between HQID and economic growth, economic growth rate, and total factor productivity. High-quality innovation can improve the quality of input factors, cultivate new dynamic energy for economic development, and then promote high-quality economic development. In the context of the shift of IP work from pursuing quantity to improving quality, the scientific understanding of high-quality innovation, the development status, and the differences of regional innovation high-quality development is of great significance for improving innovation quality and efficiency, and effectively supporting high-quality economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital economy may accelerate the upgrading of industrial structures and boost regional innovation output, effectively contributing to China's green economic transformation. The impact of the digital economy on developing the urban green economy is analyzed using data from 280 cities across China from 2010–2019. Using a fixed-effects model and the Spatial Durbin model, the digital economy is found to have a significant impact on urban green economy development. This result is shown to be robust to various factors. There is significant regional variability in the impact of the digital economy on green economic growth, with the strongest impact in the northeast, followed by the central and western regions. Meanwhile, non-resource-based cities and policy pilot cities have a more pronounced role in promoting the digital economy. The intermediate transmission chain of industrial structural upgrading and regional innovation output fosters the growth of the urban green economy via the digital economy. Regional innovation production is responsible for 30.848% of this growth, with the intermediate effect of industrial structural upgrading contributing to 38.155%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid urbanization and industrialization of the past few decades, environmental issues have become increasingly prominent, and air pollution in the form of PM2.5 has become a major concern in China. The Chinese government has recognized the severity of these environmental challenges and has placed great emphasis on protecting the environment while promoting economic growth. This study utilizes remote sensing technology to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the decoupling between land-use intensity and PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) using 2000–2021 series of PM2.5 and land-use-change data, with the Mean Center Change analysis and the Tapio Decoupling Model. This study attempts to analyze the causes of change from the perspectives of economic development stage and policy execution. The study found that the average PM2.5 level decreased by 11.77 μg/m3 during this period, with high levels concentrated in urban areas and low levels found in less developed regions. The central trajectory of the land-use intensity shifted southeast, indicating a consistent trend in urbanization and industrialization in that direction. Meanwhile, the average land-use intensity value increased by 0.19, with the highest values concentrated in urban areas. A total of 71.12% of the regions in the YREB exhibited strong negative decoupling or negative decoupling between land-use intensity and PM2.5 levels, suggesting rapid urbanization and industrialization with a decrease in PM2.5 levels. These findings provide insight into the dynamic relationship between economic development, urbanization, and PM2.5 in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An in-depth understanding of the relationship between R&D inputs and green economic development helps to build an eco-friendly society. Based on the panel data of 30 provincial-level regions in China from 2009 to 2017, this study explores the effect of R&D inputs on green economic development from the different perspectives of short-term and long-term and the moderating effect of market in the influence process. This study has concluded the following findings: (1) When considering multiple pollutants as undesirable outputs, China's green economic performance is low in recent years, and there exist great differences among different regions in green economic development. (2) R&D personnel and R&D expenditure can promote green economic performance under the moderation of the market. (3) R&D personnel is conducive to improving green economic growth, however, R&D expenditure has not shown an obvious effect on green economic growth in the short term. From the perspective of long-term, R&D personnel and R&D expenditure all can obviously improve green economic growth under the moderation of the market. Finally, this study puts forward targeted suggestions for promoting green economy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green finance is an effective policy instrument in mitigating climate change, but to date little is known about its impact on carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions. This study extends the literature on the relationship between green finance and CO 2 emissions while taking trade openness and economic development into consideration to comprehensively explore the conservation/feedback hypothesis using the Autoregressive-Distributed Lag–Error Correction Model (ARDL–ECM) on data collected from 2000 to 2019. By constructing a green finance index comprising green credit, green securities, green insurance, and green investment, results include the following. (1) Support was found for the conservation hypothesis running from green finance, trade openness, and economic development to emissions per capita; the conservation hypothesis also was supported for the unidirectional relationship running from trade openness and economic development to green finance. (2) Green finance is found to be significantly and negatively related to emissions per capita in both the short and long term. (3) Trade openness shows a positive effect on emissions per capita. Robustness tests are provided. This study deepens policy implications of green finance in the post-pandemic era and highlights the moderating role of renewable energy in the green finance impact on carbon mitigation. • This study constructs a green finance index for China. • The autoregressive distributed lag–error correction model is employed. • Green finance contributes to carbon mitigation in both the short and long run. • CO 2 emissions are Granger result of green finance, trade openness and economic growth. • Trade openness and economic growth are Granger causes of each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dislocation between regional innovation and economic development directly influences the economic effect of regional innovation. However, no in-depth researches have been made on how to solve this problem. Using data from Henan Province, China, employing geographical detector technology, this paper focuses on testing whether the industry-university-research cooperation can contribute to coordinating the relation between regional innovation and economic development. It is shown that: 1) the industry-university-research cooperation in Henan Province is increasing gradually, and the network presents a core-edge structure, and the coupling degree between regional innovation and economic development is spatially unbalanced, which is similar to the spatial distribution of the intensity of industry-university-research cooperation; 2) as an important approach to effectively connect scientific researches with market demands, the industry-university-research cooperation can help form an interactive, interconnected, coupled and coordinated virtuous relation between regional innovation and economic development. Compared with the cooperation between organizations of the same type and the separate innovation of organizations, the improvement of the industry-university-research cooperation level can better coordinate the relation between regional innovation and economic development; 3) the cooperative innovation model between enterprises and universities can better promote the coupling between regional innovation and economic development, compared with many industry-university-research cooperation models. For underdeveloped areas lacking local knowledge base, industry-university-research cooperation should be considered as a long-term development strategy, especially using the knowledge sources of external universities and scientific research institutions to enhance innovation capability and achieve economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of services and goods needs consumption of available material and energy. An economy often focuses on sources of high-quality material/energy first produced by nature for increasing growth. World heritages sites (WHSs) have become major tourist attractions that promote economic development for developing countries. The increased number of tourists has thus brought about threats to ecological environment. Scholars stress that it should be sustainable or "green growth" since it comes to economic growth currently. The aim of this research is to establish a sustainable development model for WHSs to empirically investigate the dilemma between economic development and ecological protection with particular emphasis on strategies that promote the sustainability. The study took China's 45 WHSs as samples and constructed a two-stage sustainable development model to analyze the trade-off between economic development and ecological protection. The dynamic network slacks-based measure was employed for dynamic performance evaluation for the period 2013-2019. The results suggest that a strong balance between economic development and ecological protection would be essential for sustainability. Spearman's rank correlation was also used to verify that there are no conflicts between the two processes. In addition, this study demonstrates that an effective government policy covering regulations of economic development and ecological protection can positively influence sustainable development. The governments are suggested to improve the section that the WHS performs inefficient. Involvement of balanceable sustainable development for WHSs needs necessary cooperation during concerned institutions, practitioners, and communities. The WHSs are recommended to receive strict standard of supervision, management, and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the mechanism and process of the dynamic evolution of the economy-energy-environment (EEE) system and study the variables that determine the speed of system evolution and development. The innovation is to overcome the defect of single index by constructing a system evaluation index and reveal the regional EEE system's evolution mechanism based on Haken's synergetic theory to supplement a systematic perspective's empirical evidence. It selects 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China to empirically analyse the evolution mechanism of the EEE system from 2005 to 2019. The empirical results show that economic development is the order parameter of the evolution and development of the EEE system. In the process of system evolution, the economic development subsystem is the decisive factor in EEE system evolution. In terms of the positive feedback mechanism of order parameter combination, the EEE system forms a positive feedback mechanism for increasing economic development in the stage of evolution and development. The negative feedback mechanism of decreasing environmental pollution emissions is formed in the EEE system. The increase in pollutant emissions has a certain inhibitory effect on economic growth. The improvement in the economic development level has no promoting effect on pollutants, and economic development, in turn, reduces environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The most significant common denominator in the economic growth of Japan, South Korea and China was capable bureaucracy and a developmental state that prioritized economic growth via export- and investment-led growth. • The pattern of structural breaks in Japan, South Korea, and China has been broadly similar, with China following in South Korea's footsteps by about 25 to 30 years and Japan's footsteps by about 50 to 55 years. • The GDP growth and capital–labor ratio moved together in a positive long-run relationship in Japan, South Korea and China. • China experienced growth based on total factor productivity (TFP) gains at a much earlier stage in its development path than South Korea. • At a broader level, our analysis provides cautious grounds for optimism about China's prospects for a smooth and quick transition to high income. We analyze and compare the patterns of economic growth and development in China, South Korea, and Japan in the post-war period. The geographical proximity and cultural affinity between the three countries, as well as the key role of the development state in their economies, suggest that an analytical comparison would be a meaningful and valuable exercise. Furthermore, South Korea and Japan are two of the few economies that have jumped from middle income to high income in a short period and thus offer potentially valuable lessons for China. We use Cobb–Douglas production functions to assess the long-run equilibrium relationships between per capita GDP, capital, and labor by means of cointegrated vector autoregressive (CVAR) models. We show that such equilibrium relationships cannot be rejected for all three countries, while the evidence is stronger for China and South Korea than for Japan. Our hypothesis tests show that the estimated Cobb–Douglas production functions display coefficients of capital and employment that sum up to 1 and broken linear trends that can be attributed to structural breaks and (changes in) total factor productivity (TFP) growth. We observe a striking similarity between the experience in South Korean and China, which gives some optimism that the China may be capable of graduating to high income, like South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• China implemented the heavy industry priority development strategy rather than the comparative advantage development strategy in the early years of new China. • A dynamic optimization model including the labor-intensive goods sector, the capital-intensive goods sector, and the final goods sector is constructed to study the rationality of the heavy industry priority development strategy. • The relationship between the total social output per capita and the share of heavy industry capital stock is inverted U-shape. • Heavy industry, as basic industry, provides the necessary material conditions for the subsequent comparative advantage development strategy. Based on the objective fact that new China had a weak industrial base during the planned economy period and the policies implemented, this paper constructs a dynamic optimization model that includes the labor-intensive goods sector, the capital-intensive goods sector, and the final goods sector. The basic conclusion of the theoretical model is that there is an inverted-U relationship between total social output per capita and the share of heavy industry capital stock on the optimal dynamic path of capital accumulation with government intervention, i.e., the relationship is positive until a specific threshold is reached, beyond which it becomes negative. The results of the benchmark regressions and endogeneity tests confirm the inverted-U relationship, although the threshold share of heavy industry capital stock differs among the empirical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the reform and opening up, China has developed into a world factory due to the bias of Chinese policies, the need for urban development, and the limitations of science and technology. As a world factory, on the one hand, it expanded the scale of China's economy, raised the level of science and technology, and improved the standard of people's daily life. On the other hand, China's technology level was backward at the beginning of the reform and opening-up period, and the world countries in a competitive relationship could not give China a high-end technology level. Most of the developed countries only transferred their rough industries to China, which led to the "three highs and one low" pattern of China's economic development. The efficiency of resource utilization is very low, which not only wastes resources but also causes great deterioration of the environment. Based on China's environmental development problems, this article summarizes and analyses the relationship between economic development and environmental pollution through the perspective of EKC curve research. Then, using the data of economic growth target published by government work report of 230 prefecture-level cities from 2004 to 2014 collected by hand, the constraint of economic growth target is described from three dimensions. In particular, the study of economic growth target constraints is extended in terms of the portrayal of the characteristics of soft and hard constraints of economic growth targets. Finally, combining with the normative research method, feasible countermeasures are proposed for developed cities as well as less developed cities, providing new insights for the coordinated development of the urban environment and economy in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates whether natural gas exploitation is a blessing or a curse for provincial and prefecture economic growth. This study employs regression models and synthetic control methods (SCM) to investigate the research question based on hybrid panel and time-series data from 1993 to 2015 from 14 prefecture cities in Sichuan province in China. Based on the provincial data of Sichuan, the regression results show that natural gas exploitation is a curse for the provincial economic development of Sichuan because of the negative associations between gas resources and economic performance, for which the increasing rent-seeking in the province may partially account. However, the SCM results find that the local economy of Dazhou city may benefit from its sufficient natural gas resources in the short run, but it is not sustainable. Meanwhile, the gas resource has no significant contributions to the regional economic growth of Sichuan overall, which is partially attributed to the fact that resource exploitation has no significant spillover effects on some sustainable contributors, such as education, innovation, and others. The practical implication for the economic governors is that the resource-consumed economic route is not sustainable, although it may drive local economic growth in the short run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial agglomeration and green economic growth have become a trend in global financial and economic development. This paper analyzes the impact mechanism of financial agglomeration on green economic growth from two angles: growth promotion and energy conservation/emission reduction. Based on the Slacks Based Model-Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) of undesired outputs, the green economic growth efficiency of 30 regions in China from 2008 to 2017 was measured. The study uses a spatial measurement model and finds that financial agglomeration has a significant positive effect on green economic growth. The specific manifestation is that with a 1% increase in the level of financial agglomeration, the productivity of green total factor increases by about 0.1837% and 0.0964% green economic growth in neighboring areas. Further analysis shows that this improvement in green total factor productivity is mainly achieved through technological advancement that promotes coordinated economic growth, energy saving and emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is a large country with rapid economic expansion and high energy consumption, which implies that the country's overall carbon emissions are enormous. It is vital to increase urban low-carbon economy efficiency (ULEE) to achieve sustainable development of China's urban economy. Digital finance is a significant tool to boost ULEE by providing a convenient and effective funding channel for urban low-carbon economic transformation. Analyzing the coupled and coordinated relationship between ULEE and digital finance is of vital importance for the sustainable development of the urban economy. This paper selects panel data of 100 cities in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) in 2011-2019, and analyzes the research methods such as the Global Malmquist-Luenberger index model, coupling coordination degree (CCD) model, standard deviation ellipse model, gray model, and geographic detector by The spatial and temporal distribution, dynamic evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the CCD between ULEE and digital finance are analyzed. The study shows that: (1) the CCD of ULEE and digital finance grows by 3.42% annually, reflecting the increasingly coordinated development of the two systems; (2) The CCD of ULEE and digital finance shows a distribution pattern of gradient increase from the upstream region of Yangtze River to the downstream region, meanwhile, the spatial center of gravity moves mainly in the midstream region; (3) The spatial center of gravity of CCD of ULEE and digital finance is expected to move 22.17 km to the southwest from 2019 to 2040; (4) In terms of influencing factors, the influence of informatization and industrial structure on the CCD increases over time, while the influence of factors such as population development, greening, transportation, and scientific research decreases over time. Finally, this paper proposes policy recommendations for improving the CCD of ULEE and digital finance based on the empirical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While promoting the economic growth, energy has also brought pollution problems to the world environment, which has gradually become a bottleneck impeding sustainable economic development. In view of the rapid evolution of urbanization and industrialization, economic growth is increasingly dependent on the energy consumption, the development of the two is difficult to coordinate, and the internal contradictions are becoming increasingly serious, which hinders the sustainable development of economic growth. This study establishes the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth according to the energy Kuznets curve and studies the future trend of China's sustainable development through the comparative analysis of the energy Kuznets curve of the United States and Germany. The results show that, at the turning point of energy consumption, China's energy economic rate is higher than that of Germany and the United States. In addition, in terms of urbanization rate and industrial structure, although China's tertiary industry has made a breakthrough, it is still lower than that of the United States and Germany, but the level of urbanization rate has made significant progress. In short, China has obvious advantages in future economic development and has a late developing advantage compared with the United States and Germany. This paper makes an empirical analysis of the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in OECD countries and finds out the turning point of energy consumption, so as to provide a theoretical basis for coordinating China's energy consumption and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important factor of global marine economic development, high-quality marine economic development depends on the important role played by environmental regulations in dealing with the relationship between marine economic growth and the reduction of marine environmental pollution. The Tapio decoupling model is used in this study to analyze the impact mechanism of environmental regulations on the decoupling between marine economic growth and marine environmental pollution (referred to as 'marine environment decoupling'). The results of the Tapio decoupling model demonstrate that China's marine economy has experienced fluctuations of 'growth connection'—'weak decoupling'—'negative decoupling of expansion'—'strong decoupling'—followed by 'growth connection'. The marine economy is gradually decoupling from marine pollution. The dynamic panel model results show that environmental regulation is nonlinearly related to the marine environment decoupling in a 'U' shape, and technological innovation and industrial structures have a 'U'-shaped regulating effect on the impact of environmental regulation on the marine environment decoupling. Furthermore, market-incentive and social-supervision environmental regulations can promote the marine environment decoupling. The three types of environmental regulations are ranked as follows: 'market-incentive environmental regulations > social-supervision environmental regulations > command environmental regulations' according to their clearly observable and varied roles. For these three major areas, environmental regulations are nonlinearly related to marine environment decoupling in the Pan-Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta, and linearly related to that of Bohai Bay. The results provide valuable references for understanding marine environment decoupling drivers and developing high-quality marine economy by considering the role of environmental regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mystery of China's economic growth has been widely concerned by the world. However, little attention has been paid to the transformation of the economic growth momentum of Guangdong Province, which has long occupied the top in China's economic growth. This paper analyzes the evolution and the transformation of the momentum source of economic growth in Guangdong Province from 1979 to 2019, using Total Factor Productivity Growth Decomposition method. The results show that capital investment contributes the most to economic growth, the contributions of total factor productivity, and labor input rank second and third, respectively; the change of the contribution of each momentum source to GDP growth mainly comes from the impact of the secondary industry. Both industrial capital productivity and capital allocation structure play a negative role in driving the overall capital productivity, and both industrial labor productivity and labor allocation structure play a positive role in driving the overall labor productivity. Industrial factor productivity and industrial factor allocation structure play a major positive role and a weak negative role in promoting economic growth, respectively. Our findings provide some ideas on how to maintain economic growth in the new era especially for the developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmland use challenges reflect the current complexities facing China's agricultural economic development. This study focuses on 70 counties in Hubei Province of China, with the objective of exploring the spatial relationship between green transition of farmland use and agricultural economic growth. Furthermore, it seeks to quantify their effects and assess regional heterogeneity. Here are the findings: (1) There is a notable positive spatial correlation observed between agricultural economic growth and the various subsystems as well as factor layers of the green transition of farmland use. (2) The optimization of the quantity and form of farmland has a positive promoting effect on agricultural economic growth in both the local county and adjoining counties. In contrast, the spatial pattern, ecological function, intensive use, and environmental friendliness of farmland have a negative effect. (3) The influence factors of the green transition of farmland use on agricultural economic growth show significant spatial heterogeneity, with the overall effect degree being in the following order: northern hillock, central plain, western mountain range, and eastern hills. The influence on neighboring agricultural economic growth also exhibits significant spatial differentiation, with the overall effect degree following this order: eastern hills, northern hillock, central plain, and western mountain range. Targeted suggestions are proposed to promote the green transition of farmland use and achieve sustainable agricultural economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reflect the trend of electricity consumption (EC) in China's Pearl River Delta (PRD) under a balanced environment and economy, this paper proposes an EC forecasting framework from the perspective of optimal economic growth. The historical GDP statistics of the PRD are calibrated with data from the new "NPP-VIIRS-like" nighttime light dataset from 2000 to 2020, and two simulation scenarios of optimal economic growth are constructed according to the carbon emission reduction rate. Finally, based on the electricity data from 2000 to 2017, an error correction model is constructed to predict and compare the trend of EC in the PRD under different carbon emission scenarios. The results demonstrate the following. (1) The economic growth path under low-carbon constraints is more closely aligned with the actual economic development of the PRD. (2) The electricity demand required to sustain optimal economic growth in the PRD under low-carbon constraints is projected to reach saturation around 2037, approximately a decade earlier than the scenario without carbon constraints. The results of the projections are expected to guide future work on power system planning and economic development assessment in the context of carbon reduction. • The balance between environmental resources and economic development is considered. • The optimal economic growth path under the low-carbon goal is measured. • Calibration of regional statistics with the nighttime light dataset "NPP-VIIRS-like". • The error correction model is built as a short-term regulation mechanism for power prediction. • Predicted electricity demand for optimal economic growth in the PRD under different scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is one of the world's largest energy consumers and carbon emitters, and the situation of carbon emission reduction is serious. This paper forecasts the future trend of China's carbon emissions by constructing a system dynamics model of China's carbon emissions. The results show that China cannot fulfill its commitment to peak its carbon emissions in 2030 as scheduled. Secondly, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model (LMDI) was used to analyze the influencing factors of China's carbon emissions. The contribution rates of the five factors to China's carbon emissions are as follows: economic development (226.30%), technological innovation (−105.92%), industrial structure (−26.55%), population scale (11.44%) and energy structure (−5.28%). Finally, this paper formulates five carbon emission reduction paths according to the size and direction of various factors that affect China's carbon emissions. The paths of carbon emission reduction were simulated by using the system dynamics model of China's carbon emissions. It is found that technological innovation is the key pathway for China to realize its commitment to carbon emission reduction. Slowing economic growth will delay the arrival time of peak carbon emissions and increase the intensity of carbon emissions. Optimizing the industrial structure, reducing the population scale and adjusting the energy structure can reduce the peak and carbon emissions in China, but the effect is small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities' green growth hinges on both sustained economic growth and ongoing ecological improvement. This study uniquely examines the roles of economic growth targets and environmental regulations in fostering this growth. Using China as a case study, we found that economic growth targets have a limited impact on cities' green growth due to varying outcomes from resource allocation strategies aimed at meeting these targets. A closer look at China's economic growth targets management model reveals that the pressures from meeting the ill-fitted economic growth targets often leads to green growth setbacks, with local governments prioritizing economic over green growth by relaxing environmental regulations. Therefore, we propose that cities can achieve a balance by setting realistic economic targets, with the central government enhancing oversight of local environmental regulations and adopting an innovation-driven development strategy for economic growth targets. This approach can make economic targets and environmental regulations work together to achieve green growth. Our empirical findings offer new insights into cities' governance for sustainable development. • Pressures from meeting the ill-fitted economic growth targets causes cities' green growth failure. • Economic growth target-achieving pressures lead cities to weaken environmental regulations. • Innovation-driven development strategy synergizes these two policies to promote green growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable economy through the rational spatial expansion of coastal areas is an increasingly essential global topic. This paper aims to explore the mechanism by which supporting cities influence the spatial expansion of economic development zones (EDZs) in 264 coastal EDZs of China during 1995–2020. Meanwhile, the effects of variations in the distance between supporting cities and coastal EDZs and different city scales are considered. The results provide new explanations for realizing the sustainable development of the coastal economy by planning EDZs at a suitable location from the supporting city. The supporting cities' economic strength can significantly contribute to the spatial expansion of coastal EDZs. The influence shows a distance decay law when the distance is less than 47.692 km, between 47.692 and 58.039 km, and greater than 58.039 km, with impact coefficients of 0.479, 0.393, and 0.212, respectively. The average spatial scale of coastal EDZs varies in an "inverted U–shape" with increasing distance. The average spatial scale of the urban general radiation type (47.692 km ≤ distance <58.039 km) is the largest. Supporting cities' scale affects the economic radiation range of supporting cities. The results suggest three implications for the future development of coastal EDZs. 1) Building the EDZ while incorporating practical development needs; 2) Scientifically planning the spatial layout of EDZs; 3) The synergistic development of supporting cities, transportation hubs, and EDZs. [Display omitted] • Supporting cities can promote coastal economic development zones' expansion. • The contribution of supporting cities to zone expansion shows a distance decay law. • The average spatial scale of coastal zones shows an "inverted U-shaped" change. • Supporting cities scale affects the economic radiation range by supporting cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been proved to be an important engine of green economic development, yet how it will affect the internal structure of green economy is unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the impact and its mechanism of AI on green total factor productivity (GTFP) from the internal-structure perspective, by using provincial panel data of China from 2009 to 2021 and global Malmquist index. The main research results show that: (1) the development of AI contributes to China's GTFP growth. And this effect is more significant in undeveloped areas; (2) AI promotes China's GTFP growth mainly by improving resource allocation efficiency, while it exerts little impact through the paths of technological progress and scale efficiency; (3) the transmission mechanism of AI on GTFP varies greatly among China's three main regions. In the eastern region, AI improves GTFP mainly by both advancing technological progress and improving resource allocation efficiency, while in central region AI contributes to GTFP growth mainly through technological progress. Compared with the eastern and central regions, AI in the western region plays a stronger impact on GTFP through the channel of improving scale efficiency. This study helps to understand the pathways of artificial intelligence affecting the transformation of green economic growth and formulate differentiated regional policies in light of local conditions. • This paper studies the effects of AI on China's GTFP from internal-structural perspective. • GTFP is decomposed into three internal factors by the global Malmquist index. • AI has positive effect on GTFP through different impacts on internal factors. • Improving resource allocation efficiency is the most critical channel of AI on GTFP. • AI plays a more significant role in promoting GTFP in less developed areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the digital economy, which takes information technology and data as the key elements, is booming and has become an important force in promoting the economic growth of various countries. In order to explore the current dynamic trend of China's digital economy development and the impact of the digital economy on the high-quality economic development, this paper measures the digital economic development index of 30 cities in China from the three dimensions of digital infrastructure, digital industry, and digital integration, uses panel data of 30 cities in China from 2015 to 2019 to construct an econometric model for empirical analysis, and verifies the mediating effect of technological progress between the digital economy and high-quality economic development. The results show that (1) The development level of China's digital economy is increasing year by year, that the growth of digital infrastructure is obvious, and that the development of the digital industry is relatively slow. (2) Digital infrastructure, digital industry and digital integration all have significant positive effects on regional total factor productivity, and the influence coefficients are 0.2452, 0.0773 and 0.3458 respectively. (3) Regarding the transmission mechanism from the digital economy to the high-quality economic development, the study finds that the mediating effect of technological progress is 0.1527, of which the mediating effect of technological progress in the eastern, northeast, central and western regions is 1.70%, 9.25%, 28.89% and 21.22% respectively. (4) From the perspective of spatial distribution, the development level of the digital economy in the eastern region is much higher than that in other non-eastern regions, and the development of digital economy in the eastern region has a higher marginal contribution rate to the improvement of the total factor productivity. This study can provide a theoretical basis and practical support for the government to formulate policies for the development of the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cambodian People's Party (CPP} has consistently emphasized its ability to deliver economic growth to claim performance-based legitimacy for its rule. Given the dynamic nature of performance legitimacy, the CPP is thus in continuous search of additional resources to sustain economic development. Given Cambodia's deteriorating political relationships with Western countries, the CPP has become increasingly reliant on engagement with China to support the country's economic growth and preserve the party's legitimacy. Drawing mainly from fieldwork conducted in Cambodia from 2018 to 2020, this article analyses the CPP's tactics in pursuit of performance-based legitimation from 1993 to 2021 and the impact of engagement with China on the Cppy continuing quest for legitimacy. It concludes that although increased trade with and investment from China has enhanced the Cppy performance-based legitimacy, there have also been negative outcomes arising from the intersection of Cambodia's neo-patrimonial system and Chinese capital and resident nationals, as is evident in the case of the Chinese presence in Sihanoukville. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public health equalization has a significant impact on residents' health and economic growth. Recently, studies suggested the persistence of series of public health unequal issues in China, such as imbalanced government financial investment, unreasonable configuration of public health resources, etc. The healthcare system in Jiangsu province is a microcosm of the pattern of healthcare delivery in China. Identifying developmental differences in Jiangsu and consequential effect on healthcare output can serve as a good reference for comparing performance of healthcare facilities within China in general. Based on the Model of Health the Healthy Production from Grossman and Lucas' New Endogenous Economic Growth Model, we selected data from China Statistical Yearbooks and Jiangsu Statistical Yearbooks. 13 cities in Jiangsu province were divided into three groups, categorized as economically developed areas, relatively economically developed areas and less-economically developed areas. The panel cointegration model and e PVECM PVECM error correction model based on E-G two-step method are utilized for empirical research. During the period of 2006–2015, there were differences between the short term effect and long term effect on regional development resulted by the public health equalization level of Jiangsu Province. In the short term, the healthcare investment equalization level has been improved, to a certain extent, which executes a certain promoting effect on the people's health development and regional economic growth in the long term, which restraint the improvement and development of long term public health equalization level and stimulating on the residents' health and economic growth. The government of China in general and Jiangsu province in particular could ensure the efficiency of public health human resources, reform the public hospital internal system and establish an effective competition system, aiming to improve the public health equalization and promote balanced development of residents' health and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy has been considered as an effective way to solve environmental pollution and energy crisis in China. However, the development of renewable energy sector depends on economic growth and financial issues. Thus, it is significant to study the relationships of these three indicators in China. Using ARDL-PMG model, this paper explores the long-run and short-run impacts of economic growth and financial development on renewable energy consumption based on the panel data during period 1997–2017 at national and regional levels of China. The long-run relationships indicate that for China as a whole and western China, economic growth stimulates renewable energy consumption while financial development impacts it negatively. However, the short-run relationships show that economic growth and financial development influence renewable energy consumption negatively and positively, respectively. Moreover, we employ the Granger causality test to study the existence and direction of causality among variables. The causality test results display that the unidirectional causality relationships exist from financial development to renewable energy consumption for China as a whole and eastern China. Meanwhile, economic growth unidirectionally causes renewable energy consumption in China as a whole, eastern and western China. Our empirical results provide some policies to promote the development of renewable energy sector. • Dynamic impacts of financial development and economic growth on renewable energy use are studied. • The causalities among financial development and economic growth and renewable energy use are explored. • Our study was conducted at both national and regional levels using panel data models. • Financial development impacted renewable energy use negatively in the long run. • A unidirectional causality ran from renewable energy use to financial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El comienzo del siglo XXI en América Latina se caracterizó por una "marea rosa", con cambios en la orientación de las políticas nacionales que produjeron resultados sociales positivos y modificaron el orden regional y el papel atribuido a la integración regional en los países latinoamericanos. En forma paralela a este proceso, la economía internacional dispensó un alivio de la restricción externa, de modo que las crisis de la balanza de pagos no interrumpieron las trayectorias de crecimiento. Sin embargo, los avances en la integración regional son débiles en comparación con las intenciones políticas. En este artículo se plantea que, ante importantes transformaciones en el centro de la economía internacional, no se logró transformar la estructura productiva de América Latina para alcanzar una mayor diversificación. Lamentablemente, al reproducir (o reprimarizar) las estructuras productivas se profundizó la inserción externa extrarregional y la integración latinoamericana quedó en un segundo plano, constreñida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Xi Jinping became leader of the Chinese Communist Party in 2012, he has promoted the goal of realizing the "China dream," which centers on the effort to sustain rapid economic growth so that China can join or even surpass the rich countries of the world. Given the slowing of economic growth even before the 2020 coronavirus epidemic, debate has arisen about whether China can achieve this ambitious goal. This paper recounts the author's personal experiences thinking about the history of China's efforts since the Qing Dynasty to develop economically in order to ponder the issues in this debate. This overview leads to the conclusion that China's dramatic and surprising acceleration of economic growth in the decades after 1978 was driven by circumstances and forces that no longer work in China's favor, and that the nation now faces several serious problems that could make realization of Xi's China dream problematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential relationship between higher education and economic development is increasingly strong, decisive and necessary, in order to achieve a growing economic development for society and the human being. The present material emphasizes this from a historical, social and cultural perspective, revealing the achievements and shortcomings that have marked this relationship, particularly in the People's Republic of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the economic reform in 1978, the Chinese economy has grown at a remarkable pace in the past few decades. Among a plethora of factors contributing to the growth of China, this paper pays a particular attention to the logistics infrastructure that is widely cited as a major catalyst for economic development of a country. The causal relationship between the logistics infrastructure and the economic development in China for the period 2000–2017 is examined under the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) frameworks. This study documents the long-run equilibrium between the logistics infrastructure and the economic development in China and causality, in general, running from the former to the latter. Especially, it is also found that the infrastructure related to maritime transport plays a key role in promoting the Chinese economy and international trade. • Causality between logistics infrastructure and economic development in China is investigated. • In general, causality runs from logistics variables to economic indicators. • Importance of maritime transport to economic growth of a country is found. • Importance of integrated operation of different logistics functions is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research contributes to the literature on civil health, well-being, and economic growth in China by investigating waterborne disease. The results show that the country's civil health and well-being receive scant attention compared to its economic growth. A reduction in the proportion of the second industry does not negatively impact economic growth, but is one effective way to improve civil health and well-being. Conversely, a high sewage charge is not an efficient factor to improve civil health and well-being in China. The east region has the most prosperous economic development compared to central and west regions, but it should focus the most on its environmental sanitation construction versus the other two regions. The productivity improvements of economic growth, civil health, and well-being mainly come from the management innovation effect instead of the technology innovation effect. Lastly, research and development as well as technology licensing are effective at enhancing the technology innovation effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The degree of economic-water system coupling coordination in the YRB was investigated. • Obtaining EKC curves in the YRB from the perspective of GWFL. • The moderating effects of different types of environmental regulations are revealed. • Provide policy support to achieve the synergistic improvement of both the environmental and economical quality of the YRB. The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is the most important ecological barrier and economical area in China. A national strategy of China now encompasses the ecological preservation and high-quality development of the YRB. Environmental regulation is a key strategy to reduce the environmental resources consumption generated by economic expansion in the YRB and to achieve economic and environmental synergistic development. Provincial panel data from 2005 to 2020 of nine provinces in the YRB were utilized to construct an economic-water system in the YRB. Coupled and econometric models were combined to explore the relationship between economic development and greywater footprint loads (GWFL) in the YRB. Moreover, different types of environmental regulations variables were introduced into the model to reveal the moderating effect. The results showed that 1) Each province in the YRB exhibits a different level of coupling coordination and exhibits variability. 2) In the YRB, the association between GWFL and economic growth displayed an inverted "N" curve. The baseline regression results remain robust after controlling for the spatial spillover and time-lagged effects of economic development on GWFL. 3) Environmental regulations will accelerate the inhibitory effect of economic development on GWFL. This study can offer valuable policy insights in achieving the synergistic improvement of both environmental and economic quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet has revolutionized the patterns of financial development and economic growth. To assess the impacts of internet penetration on the financial industry, this paper analyzed ten-year Chinese provincial panel data and concluded that regional Internet penetration accelerates financial development. Furthermore, the efficiency of Internet investment in underdeveloped provinces is better than that in developed provinces. More meaningfully, Internet penetration promotes the transparency of the securities market and regional financial participation. This indicates that Internet technology facilitates the advancement of the finance industry and the securities market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses China's provincial panel data for 2003–2016 to estimate the turning point of technology spillovers promoting economic growth in the coastal and inland areas. The results show that the turning point in coastal areas is significantly higher than that in inland areas. However, improved absorptive capacity as a result of regional disparity increases the threshold of technology spillovers from promotion to suppression in inland areas but decreases it in coastal areas. Then, this study further tests the threshold characteristics of absorptive capacity factors influencing international technology spillovers using a double-threshold regression model and estimates the threshold values of both forward and reverse spillovers from the viewpoint of knowledge context, economic development, opening degree and human resources infrastructure. In conclusion, the effect of absorptive capacity factors on international spillovers is nonlinear, that is, when absorptive capacity factors are between the two threshold values, technology spillovers are maximised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the influence of rapid economic development on pollution at the municipal level in China. It constructs a Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology model (STIRPAT model) and uses comprehensive municipal data on industrial pollution and economic performance. The dataset contains 290 cities from 2003 to 2016 as a sample for the panel data analysis. The study further separates the cities into two groups by their levels of economic development for heterogeneity analysis. It reveals that a low level of economic development would aggravate environmental pollution, and when the economy reaches a high level, this economic development will improve environmental quality. We also find that the relationships between foreign direct investment and industrial dust and sulfur dioxide (SO2) discharge are significant, while the relationship between economic growth and effluent emission is not. The more developed subsample cities present an inverted U-shaped curve between industrial pollutant emission, GDP per capita, and foreign direct investment, while the less developed subsamples show no such relationship. Since the shape of these curves differs among regions, their turning points vary accordingly. Based on this finding, this study suggests that the governments of more developed cities should balance environmental pollution and economic development by enhancing environmental regulations and adjusting industrial structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the "resource curse" and "financial threshold effect" that may exist in China and then uses the data from 30 provinces from 2004 to 2018 as research samples. We used linear regression and nondynamic panel threshold models to analyze the financial threshold effects of the "resource curse" hypothesis and the "resource curse" phenomenon. At the same time, we divided the level of financial development to verify the robustness of the research conclusions in this paper. The study found the following: (1) There is a certain correlation between the abundance of resources and economic growth. Whether this can be seen as a "curse" or a "blessing" of resources is significantly related to the degree of financial development. (2) Whether financial development can alleviate the "resource curse" depends on the degree of financial development. In the extremely scarce stage of financial resources, the resource endowment effect is obvious, and the level of economic development in resource-based regions will be higher than in other regions; when the level of financial development is low (financial resources are not scarce and have not reached a reasonable level), the phenomenon of the "resource curse" appears; when the level of financial development is highly developed, economic development benefits more from financial development, and the effects of resource endowment decline. Only when financial development is at a reasonable level can resource endowments effectively raise the level of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is written to highlight the ways in which China engages in the competition to conquer world supremacy. China is regularly hailed as a potential new superpower. There are views on rapid economic progress, increasing military power, a very large population and increasing its international influence, as signs that it will play an important role in the world in the 21st century. However, other opinions warn that economic chimeras and demographic imbalances could slow or even stop China's economic growth. The Chinese dream is a concept that has been promoted by the Chinese president Xi Jinping since late 2012 within the Chinese society to describe a set of personal and national paragons for the future of China. It is currently widely used by journalists, governmental officials, and activists to describe the individual's role in the Chinese society, as well as the Chinese nation's goals for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The relationship between R&D input, R&D output and economic growth is divergent. • Most of positive associations are found in non-peripheral regions and non-state owned sectors. • Social filters are more effective under non-peripheral regions and non-state owned sectors. • The social filters have a key role in innovation and growth. This study explores the relationship between R&D investment and economic growth in China, using a newly collected panel data set. Specifically, we investigate how social filters are connected to R&D output. Instead of linking R&D investment directly to economic performance, we adopt a two-step strategy which identifies the impact R&D investment on R&D output, and then study the causal links between R&D output and economic development. Our results suggest that the relationship between R&D input, R&D output and economic growth diverges by different region and sectors. Most of positive associations stem from non-peripheral regions and non-state owned sectors. Social filters are also more effective under these circumstances. These results reveal the complexity of relationships between R&D efforts and economic performance and point to the important role of social filters in innovation and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problems existing in the evaluation index selection and whether the evaluation method is too simple to evaluate the coordinated development of regional economy. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the definition of the coordinated development of regional economy, this paper discusses the definition of the scientific connotation of the coordinated development of regional economy and puts forward three evaluation indexes for coordinated development of regional economy (the degree of regional economic integration, the degree of regional economic development gap, and the speed of regional economic development). In view of the diversity of evaluation factors and the fuzziness of the relationship between evaluation indexes, this paper uses the fuzzy classification statistical model to evaluate the coordinated development of regional economy and established a regional economic development coordination management system based on fuzzy hierarchical statistical model to evaluate the degree of regional economic coordinated development. Finally, the eastern region and the central and western regions are taken as the object of study. The analysis results show that the conclusion drawn from the model is basically consistent with the actual situation in China. This model can effectively manage the coordinated development of regional economy in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between China's urbanization and economic development (RCUED) is an important concern nationwide. As important actors in regional strategy and policy, county-level regions have played an increasingly significant role in the development of China's social economy. However, the existing research on the RCUED lacks the fine depiction of the county-level administrative units. Using 2000 and 2010 census data and the statistical analysis method, we uncovered the evolution characteristics of China's urbanization and economic development and conducted a quantitative identification for the RCUED with improved methods using the quadrant map approach. In addition, we investigated the spatial correlation effect of the RCUED using the spatial autocorrelation analysis method. The results were as follows: 1) In general, a high degree of matching exists between China's urbanization and economic development at the county level at the significance level of 0.01. The correlation coefficients between China's urbanization and economic development in 2000 and 2010 were 0.608 and 0.603, respectively. 2) A significant regional difference exists in the RCUED at the county level. Based on a comparative analysis of 2276 county units in China in the two years, we found that county units can be categorized as under-urbanized, basic coordination and over-urbanized in various areas. No situation was observed where urbanization seriously lagged behind the economic development level, so the levels of urbanization and economic development appear to be basically coordinated, and the coordination state may be gradually optimized over time. 3) Over time, the spatial dependency of the RCUED has weakened and the spatial heterogeneity has increased. Northeast China has always been an area characterized by over-urbanization. The number of county units classified as under-urbanized has begun to decline in eastern coastal urban agglomeration areas, while counties rich in resources have transformed from having point-shaped over-urbanization to plane-shaped under-urbanization along the northern border, and the number of over-urbanized county units has increased in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. 4) 'Lag-lag' type and 'advance-advance' type accounted for 68% of all counties in China, and these counties were shown to have obvious spatial differentiation characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidence shows that global warming has exerted important influence on the economies of societies in the past and will continue to have effects in the future. The provinces of China differ substantially in terms of their temperatures and their degrees of economic development. Therefore, discussion of the positive and negative effects of global warming on economic development at the provincial level is beneficial for determining the effects of global warming on economic development in different provinces, and this discussion also helps to answer the question of how to increase the resilience of economies to global warming. This paper studies the effects of annual average temperature changes on economic growth in the 31 provinces of China from 1978 to 2013 (here referred to as the historical period) and in the 5 typical provinces from 2010 to 2100 (here referred to as the future) under the RCP8.5 scenario. The results indicate that (a) from 1978 to 2013, economic growth exhibits a quadratic nonlinear response to local temperature in all provinces of China and that temperature has both positive and negative effects on the economic growth rates of different provinces. In addition, taking 23.37 °C as a threshold value, over 96% of the provinces display positive effects. (b) Under the RCP8.5 scenario, from 2010 to 2100, although the 5 typical provinces maintain trends reflecting economic growth, the average rate of growth is 80% lower than the value during the historical period. The purpose of this study is to draw the attention of the government to the implications of future global warming for the economic development of different provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yu, J., 2019. Real economic development model of coastal cities based on point and axis development theory. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 791–797. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The regional particularity of the coastal city determines the direction of its economic development, and the economic development mode of the coastal city mainly focuses on the seafood culture, the coastal tourism and the foreign trade port, processing and so on. In order to quantify and analyze that economic development model of the coastal urban entity, the economic development model of the coastal urban entity based on the point-axis development theory is put forward. In this paper, the effective way to study the economic development of the coastal urban entities in the context of the innovation and driving development is studied, and the main difficulties facing the economic and innovation development of the current coastal urban entities are analyzed, and the development bottleneck of the economic development of the current coastal urban entities is found. The quantitative evaluation and analysis model of the economic development model of the coastal urban entity based on the quantitative regression analysis is constructed, and the panel data fusion analysis of the economic development mode of the coastal urban entity is realized by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. By adopting the fuzzy correlation constraint control method, the innovation driving planning and design of the economic development mode of the coastal urban entity is carried out, and the correlation analysis of the profit level and the profit quality of the economic enterprise of the coastal urban entity is realized. The validity of the economic development model of the coastal city is realized by combining the statistical analysis and the test method. Taking the economic example of the 200 coastal cities of China's coastal port cities as an example, the empirical analysis shows that the model can effectively and continuously innovate and drive the quantitative assessment of the economic development model of the coastal urban entities under the sustainable innovation driving strategy. The net profit rate index of the total assets of the coastal city solid economic enterprise is steadily improved, and the risk-risk ability of the coastal city solid economic enterprise is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Environmental regulation affects economic growth through green innovation. • When green innovation exceeds the second threshold, the marginal of environmental regulation on economic growth effect is weakened. • The regional specific heterogeneity effect. • The panel threshold models are less commonly used in environmental research, this paper employ these to analyze. Behind the rapid economic growth, the problems of environmental pollution have gradually become prominent. Environmental regulation is an important means for the government to deal with environmental problems in economic development and promote the construction of ecological civilization. Using the provincial data of China from 2005 to 2020, this paper studies the intermediary effect and threshold effect of green innovation in the process of environmental regulation affecting economic growth. The stepwise regression model of intermediary effect shows that environmental regulation promotes green innovation significantly, which further promotes economic growth. The panel threshold regression model shows that when green innovation is below 7.984 (the second threshold), environmental regulation positively affects economic growth, and when green innovation exceeds the second threshold, their marginal effects weaken. Further research shows that there is the regional specific heterogeneity effect. This paper analysis from 4 regions of China. When green innovation exceeds a certain threshold (eastern threshold is 4.382, central threshold is 6.553, western threshold is 5.037, northeastern threshold is 5.347), it decreases the marginal impact effect each region. The research results can provide reference for the government to formulate reasonable policies to balance environment and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regional particularity of the coastal city determines the direction of its economic development, and the economic development mode of the coastal city mainly focuses on the seafood culture, the coastal tourism and the foreign trade port, processing and so on. In order to quantify and analyze that economic development model of the coastal urban entity, the economic development model of the coastal urban entity based on the pointaxis development theory is put forward. In this paper, the effective way to study the economic development of the coastal urban entities in the context of the innovation and driving development is studied, and the main difficulties facing the economic and innovation development of the current coastal urban entities are analyzed, and the development bottleneck of the economic development of the current coastal urban entities is found. The quantitative evaluation and analysis model of the economic development model of the coastal urban entity based on the quantitative regression analysis is constructed, and the panel data fusion analysis of the economic development mode of the coastal urban entity is realized by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. By adopting the fuzzy correlation constraint control method, the innovation driving planning and design of the economic development mode of the coastal urban entity is carried out, and the correlation analysis of the profit level and the profit quality of the economic enterprise of the coastal urban entity is realized. The validity of the economic development model of the coastal city is realized by combining the statistical analysis and the test method. Taking the economic example of the 200 coastal cities of China's coastal port cities as an example, the empirical analysis shows that the model can effectively and continuously innovate and drive the quantitative assessment of the economic development model of the coastal urban entities under the sustainable innovation driving strategy. The net profit rate index of the total assets of the coastal city solid economic enterprise is steadily improved, and the risk-risk ability of the coastal city solid economic enterprise is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway spans the eastern, central, and western regions of China and is an important "horizontal" in the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" railway network of China. This paper estimates the direct impact of opening a high-speed railway on the spatial patterns of regional economic development along the route by integrating GIS technology, spatial panel data models, and the entropy method. The results show that the high-speed railway can significantly increase the economic aggregate and urbanization rates along the route and promote the upgrading of industrial structures, but it has a limited effect on the economic growth rate, showing a weak trend. In terms of spatial patterns, the high-speed railway significantly improves regional accessibility, the strength of economic ties, and economic potential along the route. The regional economy is characterized by weak spatial agglomeration and presents a trend of balanced development. In general, although the economic effect of HSR for the economically lagged regions is smaller in the short term than that in the economically and less economically developed regions, the high-speed railway has the greatest impact on regional economic development and spatial patterns in economically backward areas, thus the economically backward regions have a greater posterior advantage, which is conducive to balancing regional economies and narrowing regional differences. • Impact of the Shanghai–Kunming HSR have been investigated. • The Shanghai–Kunming HSR can increase the economic aggregate and urbanization rates along the route. • The Shanghai–Kunming HSR has a limited effect on the economic growth rate. • The HSR has the greatest impact on economic development and spatial patterns in economically backward areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]