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Direct foreign aid and internal development strategies are used in Least Developing Countries (LDCs) to promote economic growth. By most measures, however, sub-Sahara African development efforts have not been successful. This paper examines recent aid programs and their reasons for failure, and proposes key features necessary for successful and sustainable economic growth. African development aid is contrasted with Marshall Aid in Europe after World War II, and strategies are presented to provide the necessary incentives and opportunities for sustained socioeconomic growth and human factor development in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]