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This paper explores what needs to be done to better address the growing and substantial inequalities in the UK and how the 'Levelling Up' policy that seeks to address them could be improved. It argues that a much longer-term vision and a sharper, cross-government focus on fewer challenges is required to make a more tangible impact. Four key findings are identified: a focus on health and education is fundamental for our social and economic prosperity; there is a need for greater devolution of power, with transparent and robust accountability; an open, nationwide knowledge base to share what works and what does not, and the lessons learned from innovative pilots, is required; and a more holistic approach is needed to support businesses and provide them with better-quality support. This paper argues that without these issues being taken into consideration, the lives and well-being of our disadvantaged citizens, our children and our economy will continue to worsen. It concludes that making economic development a statutory function, putting it at the very heart of our public services, is needed to ensure that the levelling up outcome is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues that the UK's endemic regional–national productivity problems cannot be addressed by the UK's current institutional and governance set-up. This paper argues that the establishment of an appropriate institution, body or forum is essential in order to fill the current governance vacuum. The appropriate nature, form and logic of such a body can be gleaned by observing various international comparator bodies which undertake different aspects of the types of roles and tasks that a UK body must necessarily undertake. The options for a UK body comprising elements of these comparator institutions are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Levelling up and the everyday economy are two crucial concepts for understanding the direction of policy making in the UK, but the relationship between them has not yet been fully explored. Moreover, the UK's industrial and regional policies are woefully underdeveloped. This article suggests how levelling up and the everyday economy concepts could contribute to Labour's emerging industrial and regional policies. It argues that Labour is right to pursue an economic growth agenda, but must make growth work for communities and workers, and the everyday economy can help. The everyday economy can contribute to, and benefit from, local productivity growth, but regions still need companies that export or are at the technological frontier to raise demand, productivity and pay. Labour should work with the government's Levelling Up White Paper, but this was overly focussed on cities and knowledge intensive business services: there is an economic case for including towns and manufacturing too, and they should prioritise connecting places and sectors, building on the diverse strengths which different places can offer, and setting a long‐term direction of travel. Over time, Labour should try to ensure that cities, towns and smaller communities are better connected, better coordinated and more specialised within larger regions. Labour should, therefore, set out an industrial and regional strategy; work up an economic development toolkit; and devolve economic powers to Mayoral Combined Authorities and councils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Italy was unified in 1861. As part of the process of nation-building, a mandatory free-of-charge primary school system was established. Whereas the new school system greatly contributed to the modernization of the country, its initial design did not considerably reduce regional disparities in human capital, with Southern regions lagging behind. The paper studies the effects of the heterogeneous territorial diffusion of literacy during the post-unification period (1871–1911) on economic outcomes of Italian provinces 100 years later. We exploit the exogenous variations in the territorial spread in literacy rates arising from the gradual building and expansion of the railway network across provinces. We find evidence that provinces with a higher territorial diffusion of literacy in the post-unification period today have higher income per capita, lower unemployment and greater educational attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A system of 36 regional-level indicators is selected to create a new index measuring a location's attractiveness for business development (the LA-index), on the criteria of intelligence, networking and infrastructure, sustainability, digitalisation, learning, agility, innovativeness and knowledge. Business establishment is defined by nine indicators. Overall, the research data include 5,170 observations. The methodology presented is suitable for assessing the attractiveness of any region if the necessary data are available. We use correlation analysis and the Granger causality test to analyse the impact of business attractiveness on the establishment of new businesses. The main findings reveal that attractiveness for business development has a positive impact on the establishment of new businesses, but the determinants and time lags of this impact vary depending on the level of economic development of the region. The paper contributes to the regional economic development literature by exploring the concept of a location's attractiveness using the smartness approach, and by discovering the time lags of the impact of this on the establishment of new businesses. The paper provides original empirical evidence, which helps policy makers to develop more accurate strategies and decision-making process based on smartness determinants and delayed effect (impact over time). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights the issues of import substitution in the context of attaining total macro-economic balance, market adaptation, and achieving new levels of regional economic development as a constituent part of the national economy of the Russian Federation. An effective strategy and goal management are the important forward-looking orientation points of the existence and development of the country. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that economic growth in the region can be estimated via the GRP per capita. To define the sectors and regions with a successful implementation of a substitution policy, our own special algorithm for sorting and classifying regions was used. This algorithm made it possible to estimate the effectiveness of the economic policy, if any. To confirm and estimate the hypothesis, tests based on panel data models were carried out. The results revealed that the economic policy of import substitution was 10% more efficient in the regions where it was implemented than those without an implemented policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional income per capita disparity has become a crucial topic in Indonesia since the beginning of the 1990s. However, the main reasons for the existence of this income disparity remain a puzzle. This paper utilizes a panel data technique and the general specification growth model to estimate the provincial growth of income per capita in Indonesia for the 1993-2002 period to investigate the determinants of the country's regional income disparity. The main findings are, first, despite the existence of regional income disparity, there is a conditional regional income per capita growth convergence; and second, saving of physical capital, trade openness and the contribution of the gas and oil sectors are the determinants of this provincial income per capita growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional development agencies (RDAs) have been established in the countries of the former Yugoslavia, where the development of economically underdeveloped areas primarily targeted the federal republics and autonomous provinces. The role of RDAs has been underpinned by the EU due to significance of the cohesion policy for new EU member states (Slovenia and Croatia), the process of association and negotiations on regional policy and the coordination of structural instruments for candidate and potential candidate countries. The paper elaborates on whether and to what extent the RDAs are expected to enhance national administrative capacities for programming, coordination and implementation of financial assistance. On the basis of a normative analysis of policy documents, relevant legislation and desk-research of the core competences and activities of the RDAs, the paper aims to portray the institutional arrangements for regional development, in particular the role of RDAs in the promotion of productivity and growth. Although regional partnerships have emerged as new collaborative governance structures, the principle of partnership is not fully respected as a result of strong centralization, the multitude of actors with overlapping roles and the underdeveloped systemic communication with stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides data-based analyses of recent interregional migration considering the examples of Japan and Poland. The analyses are conducted against the background of the general demographic and economic situations of both countries, in particular, regional disparities and economic growth. They aim at describing migrants' behavior in Japan and Poland through a model consistent with the New Economic Geography (NEG) theory. Inspired by the model originally proposed by, the study constructs a migration model coherent with the NEG framework and tests the behavioral hypothesis. Interestingly, in both Japan and Poland, migrant behavior is responsive to stimuli stemming from the two following mechanisms: the relationship between the level of income inequalities and net migration toward capital regions; and similarly, the relationship between income inequalities movement and gross domestic product growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New path creation processes are a vital component of regional economic development. This paper establishes a behavioural framework to examine and understand such processes. It is argued that human agency and the network dynamics through which these agents interact are at the heart of new path creation processes. In particular, effective new path creation requires the formation of collective forms of agency based on strong strategic networks underpinned by a shared commitment. Regions that are equipped with such agency and networks are more likely to be capable of embracing and managing the economic complexity and adaptability necessary to generate the innovation associated with new development paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social capital is an important factor explaining differences in economic growth among regions. However, the key distinction between bonding social capital, which can lead to lock-in and myopia, and bridging social capital, which promotes knowledge flows across diverse groups, has been overlooked in growth research. In this paper, we address this shortcoming by examining how bonding and bridging social capital affect regional economic growth, using data for 190 regions in 21 EU countries, covering eight waves of the European Social Survey between 2002 and 2016. The findings confirm that bridging social capital is linked to higher levels of regional economic growth. Bonding social capital is highly correlated with bridging social capital and associated with lower growth when this is controlled for. We do not find significantly different effects of bonding social capital in regions with more or less bridging social capital, or vice versa. We examine the interaction between social and human capital, finding that bridging social capital is fundamental for stimulating economic growth, especially in low-skilled regions. Human capital also moderates the relationship between bonding social capital and growth, reducing the negative externalities imposed by excessive bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lifting the economic performance of lagging regions continues to puzzle economic development practitioners and analysts. As a means of contributing some solutions to this puzzle, this paper examines a policy intervention that promotes regional development through a public-private-sector initiative that uses a network model to catalyze innovation-driven entrepreneurship. It focuses on a programme operated by the Alacrity Foundation in the region of Wales, UK. The paper argues that Alacrity's model offers a novel means of attempting to facilitate regional development through a programme that intertwines elements relating to entrepreneurship, innovation, and network policy and practice. It is novel in the sense that it seeks to de-risk the entrepreneurial and innovation process in a regional environment that is not traditionally strong in this respect. It is concluded that such programmes indicate that policy is beginning to embrace a number of ideas emerging from theoretical work on the drivers of regional innovation and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais is the property of Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Planejamento Urbano e Regional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Business & Global Economy is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the past decade there has been renewed interest in the role of industrial strategy in enhancing innovation, productivity, and competitiveness within and across firms, sectors and regions with an eye to fostering more balanced regional economic growth. This special issue explores how policymakers could adopt place-based industrial policy measures to foster regional catch up and a more balanced and cohesive regional growth. In doing so, the papers are a mix of contributions that develop theory, provide evidence and highlight 'state of the art' or good practice that can inform a level playing field fostering regional industrial strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes a fresh empirical look at how cluster presence matters for economic performance. It analyses a new data set developed for the European Cluster Observatory to assess the impact of clusters on industry-level wages and regional prosperity. It is found that industry-level wages are associated with industry- and surrounding-cluster agglomeration levels to a similar degree. For regional prosperity, cluster portfolio strength is found to matter, while the specific mix of clusters is insignificant once business environment conditions are accounted for. The data show a meaningful relationship between clusters and economic outcomes, independent of other locational qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between regional labour market characteristics and innovation outcomes in the Federal Republic of Germany. In particular, we use regressions to determine how the composition of the regional population -- in terms of their human capital endowments, their cultural diversity and their milieu affiliation -- influences patent activities. We also test different spatial units in our models to establish which regional level is more appropriate for our analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The progress toward a digital economy in Europe involves boosting ICT use in various environments, such as households and firms. Studies available at the regional level in Europe focus on ICT use by households. This paper sheds light on the digital divide by exploring the differences in ICT use across European regions, investigating simultaneously not only ICT use by households but also by firms. Using canonical correlation analysis, we first explore the existence of regional patterns of ICT use in Europe. Second, we test the influence of regional characteristics to explain ICT use by households and firms. Our results identify a first pattern defined by the regions that combine high levels of both ICT uses. This pattern is explained primarily by the quality of the regional government, knowledge-intensive services and economic development variables. A divide between southern and northern, and western and eastern regions is detected. We also identify a second pattern that captures ICT use by firms (not related to the first), predominantly determined by educational variables and some economic factors. This pattern does not exhibit the geographical digital divide found in the first. The findings show that there are synergies and regional factors explaining the use of ICT both at home and at work at the regional level in Europe that should be considered when designing public policy geared toward encouraging ICT diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the economic thinking behind the UK Coalition government’s new framework for achieving local growth and the creation of Local Enterprise Partnerships in England. It does so in the light of recent debates about ‘space-neutral’ and ‘place-based’ policymaking. While the British government states its ambition to achieve greater spatial and industrial balance across England (and by implication the UK), we argue that so far at least there is a mismatch between the ‘rhetoric’ and ‘policies’ of local growth and its limitations. These relate to inconsistencies in the way that the different competing economic ideas in circulation within government have been adopted in practice. As a result, the paper highlights six key disconnects and limitations of the economics behind the move in England to local growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge-intensive services (KIS) are assuming an increasing importance in innovation, to such an extent that they have even classified as "key agents" within innovation systems (Fischer, 2001). As one of the major features of KIS is coproduction, location is expected to play a significant role on the effects of KIS on regional innovation systems. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between the location of KIS and the innovation performance of the European regions. Starting from the results reached by previous studies: Makun and McPherson (1997) for three New York regions, Muller and Zenker (1998) for five German and French regions, Drejer and Vinding (2003) for Danish urban areas or Simmie and Strambach (2006) for large cities of England and Germany, our aim is to widen the traditional scope of the analysis and evaluate the relationship between location of KIS and innovation performance on an European basis. More concretely we try to show that the spatial concentration of KIS in some regions (and particular in capital cities) contributes to foster innovation. To do so we carry out an exploratory spatial analysis for more than 100 European regions. We take as a proxy for the location of KIS the share of employment in KIS in every region. The results obtained support the hypothesis that KIS exert a positive impact on regional innovation performance, an impact that could spill over into the neighbouring regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the implications of observed national housing sector experiences across the advanced economies before, through and out of the 'Great Financial Crash' (GFC) of 2008. The evidence suggests that over-aggregative explanation of these experiences and their broader economic consequences is somewhat misleading; empirical and theoretical explanations to date have largely failed to recognise that housing sectors can play transformative rather than just passive roles in shaping national economic outcomes. In practice, housing volatility, and the implications of this volatility for macroeconomic stability and growth, reflects specific national financial, spatial and policy structures, housing system institutional structures and participant behaviour patterns. In spite of this, the housing policy paradigms that dominated in the decades prior to the GFC remain largely in place, and national housing policy frameworks continue to give insufficient attention to housing system stability and efficiency concerns. Housing research and housing policies need to be reoriented to better address the processes that contributed to the GFC and that more generally continue to shape national economic cycles and growth paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional policy of the countries - reducing disparities between economic development of the regions - has been, is and will continue to be the focus of policy makers' attention, therefore it is important to assess regional conditions qualitatively and to spot the differences in the change of these condition. This would be the basis for developing targeted strategies for further regional development. The process of regional economic development may be assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. The integrated mean of the statistical indicators reflects the dynamics of development. The paper's objective is to develop an aggregate indicator of development dynamics and to quantify the dynamics of the economic development of the Polish and Lithuanian regions. The employed methodological approach is based on the authors' definition of the mean of regional economic development equilibrium. The analysis of the statistical characteristics of the indicators of three regions of Poland and Lithuania has shown that the dynamics of economic development in the regions of both countries is similar. On the other hand, Poland is characterized by a more intensive development, while the development of Lithuanian regions is more levelled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses whether both the levels and the degree of change in government quality influence regional economic performance in the European Union and, in particular, in its lagging regions. The results of the econometric analysis, covering 249 NUTS-2 regions for the period 1999-2013, suggest that (1) government quality matters for regional growth; (2) relative improvements in quality of government are a powerful driver of development; (3) one-size-fits-all policies for lagging regions are not the solution; (4) government quality improvements are essential for low-growth regions; and (5) in low-income regions basic endowment shortages are still the main barrier to development. In particular, low-growth regions in Southern Europe stand to benefit the most from improvements in government quality, while in low-income regions of Central and Eastern Europe, investments in the traditional drivers of growth remain the main factors behind successful economic trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this introduction the editors showcase the papers by way of a structured project and seek to clarify the two key concepts cited in the title. We consider the history of the idea that knowledge is an economic factor, and discuss the question of whether regions provide the relevant system of reference for knowledge-based economic development. Current transformations in university-industry-government relations at various levels can be considered as a metamorphosis in industry organization. The concept of constructed advantage will be elaborated. The various papers arising from a conference on this subject hosted by Memorial University, Newfoundland, Canada are approached from this perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the location strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging countries (EMNEs) in search for regional strategic assets. The analysis is based on a systematic comparison between EMNEs and multinationals from advanced countries (AMNEs) in order to unveil similarities and differences between these two major sources of foreign investment into the regions of the European Union. The empirical results suggest that EMNEs follow a distinctive logic in their location strategies. They are attracted by the availability of technological competences only when their subsidiaries pursue more sophisticated and technology-intensive activities. Conversely, EMNEs share some behavioural similarities with AMNEs in their response to the spatial agglomeration of investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human capital is supposed to be an important factor for innovation and economic development. However, the long-run impact of human capital on current innovation and economic development is still a black box, in particular at the regional level. Therefore, this paper makes the link between the past and the present. Using a large new dataset on regional human capital and other factors in the 19th and 20th century, we find that past regional human capital is a key factor explaining current regional disparities in innovation and economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spatial Economic Analysis is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the paper is the statistical generation of clusters from 79 Slovak regions from the aspect of cluster potential which is identified based on the quality of its business environment. The main findings of the papere are: ∎ Theoretical: (a) the creation of economic competitiveness subject's concept based on the knowledge of domestic and foreign relevant authorities in the area (b) development of the mutual relationship of competitiveness and prosperity (enterprises, regions, state) based on the innovation and business environment quality; c) presentation of clusters as a possible tool to ensure competitiveness of regions. ∎ Practical: (a) creation of five clusters from 79 examined regions (districts) of Slovakia at the level of NUTS IV based on their business environment quality (4 sub-indices): 1.economic activity, 2. public administration and legislation, 3. technology and infrastructure, 4. education and human resources; (b) identification of the business environment's strengths and weaknesses of the of created 5 clusters; (c) basic outline of the development strategy for the 5 created clusters; (d) methodology processing to identify clusters potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though a country᾽s economy is growing, separate regional development disparities could be even more significant. This paper aims to identify the situation of inequality of Lithuania᾽s regions, taking into consideration the most important factors of regional economic growth and investments. Evaluation of regions by 15 criteria is carried out by a ranking method. Results show a big disparity between regions. Significant Spearman correlation is found between FDI and total investment with all investigated group of factors of economic growth in the group of City Municipalities, but in the group of District Municipalities, it differs. Four scenarios for regional policy formation were distinguished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to analyse the interaction between civil society and the government in combating crime at the national and regional levels. The research was conducted using the comparative legal method, formal legal method, legal modelling method, and statistical method. The study's main conclusion was that at the present stage, any rule-of-law democratic state's decisions should consider public opinion and the position of civil society. The state should ensure the responsibility of those responsible for such decisions, including using public control instruments. The article also reveals practical approaches to implementing public control in Ukraine. The study concludes that decentralisation of the law enforcement system of the internal affairs bodies guarantees stable political, social and economic development of the country, provided that the state and society interact and society exercises public control in combating crime. In the future, scientific research may study the forms, methods, and means of implementing the interaction between society and the state in tackling crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralisation has frequently been sold as a means to increase well-being and development. Yet, questions remain as to whether decentralisation improves economic performance. This is possibly because decentralisation processes have often led to 'unfunded mandates', that is, a mismatch between the powers transferred to subnational tiers of government and the resources allocated to them. In this article, we analyse how unfunded mandates shape regional economic growth across 518 regions in 30 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries over the period 1997–2018. There is a negative, statistically significant, and robust impact of unfunded mandates on economic growth. This effect is higher in more politically and less fiscally decentralised regions and in regions with a higher level of wealth. Unfunded mandates thus represent a serious drag on the potential positive economic effect of political decentralisation. Hence, for those benefits to materialise, better not more decentralisation – ensuring that finance follows function – should be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ezcurra R. Does income polarization affect economic growth? The case of the European regions, Regional Studies. This paper examines the relationship between income polarization and economic growth in the regions of the European Union over the period 1993-2003. The results indicate that the level of income polarization is negatively associated with regional growth. This finding is in fact robust to various alternative specifications including a number of additional explanatory variables, such as initial per capita gross domestic product, industry mix, human capital stock, population density, or market potential. Furthermore, it should be noted that the observed negative correlation between polarization and economic performance does not depend on the number of groups used to analyse the degree of income stratification within the sample regions. [image omitted] Ezcurra R. La polarisation des revenus affecte-t-elle la croissance economique? Le cas des regions europeennes, Regional Studies. Cet article etudie les relations entre la polarisation des revenus et la croissance economique dans les regions de l'Union Europeenne entre 1993 et 2003. Les resultats indiquent que le niveau de la polarisation des revenus est associe de maniere negative au developpement regional. Ce resultat conforte en fait diverses autres specifications y compris un certain nombre de variables explicatives additionnelles comme le PIB par habitant, le mix industriel, le capital humain, la densite de population ou le potentiel des marches. En outre, il convient de noter que la correlation negative observee entre la polarisation et les resultats economiques ne depend pas du nombre de groupes utilises pour analyser le degre de stratification des revenus dans les regions echantillons. Polarisation des revenus Croissance economique Regions Union Europeenne Ezcurra R. Wirkt sich eine Einkommenspolarisierung auf das Wirtschaftswachstum aus? Der Fall der europaischen Regionen, Regional Studies. In diesem Artikel wird die Beziehung zwischen der Einkommenspolarisierung und dem Wirtschaftswachstum in den Regionen der Europaischen Union im Zeitraum von 1993 bis 2003 beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass das Ausmass der Einkommenspolarisierung in einer negativen Verbindung zum Regionalwachstum steht. Dieses Ergebnis ist daruber hinaus auch bei Verwendung von verschiedenen alternativen Spezifikationen robust, darunter eine Reihe zusatzlicher erklarender Variablen wie z. B. das anfangliche Pro-Kopf-Bruttoinlandsprodukt, der Branchenmix, das Humankapital, die Bevolkerungsdichte oder das Marktpotenzial. Daruber hinaus sollte beachtet werden, dass die beobachtete negative Korrelation zwischen der Polarisierung und der Wirtschaftsleistung nicht von der Anzahl der Gruppen abhangt, die zur Analyse des Ausmasses der Einkommensstratifizierung innerhalb der untersuchten Regionen herangezogen werden. Einkommenspolarisierung Wirtschaftswachstum Regionen Europaische Union Ezcurra R. ¿Afecta la polarizacion de la renta al crecimiento economico? El caso de las regiones europeas, Regional Studies. Este trabajo examina la relacion entre la polarizacion de la renta y el crecimiento economico en las regiones de la Union Europea a lo largo del periodo 1993-2003. El analisis llevado a cabo indica que el nivel de polarizacion de la renta influye negativamente en el crecimiento regional. De hecho, este resultado es robusto a distintas especificaciones alternativas que incluyen variables explicativas adicionales como el nivel inicial de PIB por habitante, la estructura sectorial, el stock de capital humano, la densidad de poblacion o el potencial de mercado. Asimismo, cabe senalar que la correlacion negativa observada no depende del numero de grupos utilizado para analizar el grado de polarizacion de la renta en las regiones consideradas. Polarizacion de la renta Crecimiento economico Regiones Union Europea [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banasick S. and Hanham R. Regional decline of manufacturing employment in Japan during an era of prolonged stagnation, Regional Studies. This paper uses a multivariate shift-share model to analyse the decline in manufacturing employment between 1990 and 2001 in Japan's industrial core and periphery, and in the country's prefectures. The model's regional effect indicates that regional context plays a variable role in shaping regional employment trends. Most prefectures in the periphery have dynamic regional contexts that tend to counter the negative effect of their industrial mix throughout the whole period. Between 1990 and the Asian financial crisis of 1997, most prefectures in the core had depressed regional contexts that failed to counter their negative industrial mix effect. After 1997, industrial restructuring in the core created more dynamic regional contexts to moderate the decline in employment... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There has been considerable recognition of the regional embeddedness of the knowledge-based economy and its uneven geographical incidence, with mainly urban or metropolitan areas being the crucibles of knowledge-intensive activities. Drawing from recent research conducted analysing cultural industries, the paper explores how the knowledge-based economy can be built upon, focussing on the value afforded by regional cultural diversity which offers a means of economic development and growth to peripheral regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The role of space and place in shaping the transformation of firms and industries and the impact of such transformations on the wider processes of territorial development at local, regional, national, and global scales are basic research issues in economic geography. Such analyses tend to be compartmentalized, focusing on a specific economic activity or on a specific territory, rather than on the relationships between them. It is difficult simultaneously to conceptualize economic activities (including such phenomena as firms, industries, and other types of systems of networked economic activity), on the one hand, and territorially defined economies, on the other. In this paper, we address the interconnections between economic activities and territories through an exploration of the mutually constitutive relationships between firms and territories: the firm-territory nexus. The focus of our analysis is the nexus of three major dimensions—firms, industrial systems, and territories—embedded in turn in the overall macro dimension of governance systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents methodology and results of empirical analysis of a relationship of between innovation indicators (as reflected in the innovation indicators statistics) and regional growth in Russia. The integrated econometric approach developed by the authors allows for elicitation of factors that govern innovation activities for all Russian regions via factor and regression analyses. The approach can be adapted to any territory that is sub-divided into administrative regions. The composition of the elicited factors demonstrates that innovation activities that take place in the majority of Russian regions are in accordance with the priorities of the government 'Strategy for Development of Science and Innovation in Russia until the Year 2015'. For a full sample of eighty regions among the input innovation indicators, expenditure on technological innovation has the greatest significant positive impact on economic growth in these regions. Diffusion of knowledge via spillovers between regions stimulates growth in a reduced sample for regions that exclude both innovation leaders and laggers. The study also demonstrates that quality of the institutions affects the level of economic activity, that is, regions with higher levels of institutional capacity produced more (as indicated by greater GRP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the network paradigm has led to growing interest in understanding network structures relating to knowledge flows and patterns of regional innovation. This paper explores the structure of knowledge networks stemming from ties between universities and other actors, principally firms. Based upon a network analysis of empirical data for regions across the UK, it is found that the most innovative and economically developed regions are more likely to be the location for actors holding highly central and influential positions within knowledge network architectures. It is concluded that network structures, and resulting stocks of structural network capital, influence patterns of regional innovation and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the manner in which economic policy promotes entrepreneurship, and how this relates to the monetary sources of the business cycle. Whilst access to finance is commonly seen as a crucial means to generate economic growth, efforts to expand the money supply beyond the stock of real savings leads to systemic crises. Therefore the admirable policy goal of promoting more credit for entrepreneurs-whether through access to finance, SME support or regional development-can lead to negative unintended consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Using three quinquennial rounds of consumption expenditure data over two decades (1993-2012), this paper estimates the extent of money metric poverty and inequality in regions of India. Regions are made comparable, and the poverty head count ratio and the poverty gap ratio for 81 regions are derived using the state specific poverty lines as recommended by the Planning Commission of India. The gini index, rich-poor ratio and regression analyses are used to understand the extent of economic inequality in regions of India. Results indicate that though the extent of poverty has declined, economic inequality has increased in regions of India. During 1993-2012, the poverty head count ratio had decreased in 70 regions, increased in seven regions and remained similar in four regions of India. The southern regions of Odisha and southern regions of Chhattisgarh are reeling under high persistent poverty. The spread in poverty head count ratio among regions has increased from 0.38 in 1993-1994 to 0.64 in 2011-2012 confirming divergence in regional poverty in India. The pattern is similar with respect to poverty gap ratio. Regions of Tripura and Sikkim had highest improvements in poverty level. On contrast to poverty estimates, the gini index has decreased in 20 regions and increased in 61 regions. Likewise, 57 regions have recorded increase in rich-poor ratio. The rich-poor ratio was higher in developed regions and lower in less developed regions. Based on these findings, we suggest that regions with persistently high poverty be accorded priority in poverty alleviation program and explore the factors leading to increasing economic inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]