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This paper analyses the impact of tourism on total and extreme monetary poverty, in order to illuminate the debate surrounding the links between tourism and poverty. We apply fixed effects models to panel data on the Peruvian departments for the period 2001-2013. We also identify the key factors in the tourism model affecting the empirical results. Our findings show that tourism is important for the poor, but its benefits do not reach the extreme poor to the same extent, and its potential is not fully exploited. The weak macroenvironment and low community participation impede poverty reduction through tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social and interregional inequality patterns across US states from 1929–2012 are analyzed using exploratory space–time methods. The results suggest complex spatial dynamics for both inequality series that were not captured by the stylized model of Alonso. Interpersonal income inequalities of states displayed a U-shaped pattern ending the period at levels that exceeded the alarmingly high patterns that existed in the 1920s. Social inequality is characterized by greater mobility than that found for state per capita incomes. Spatial dependence is also distinct between the two series, with per capita incomes exhibiting strong global spatial autocorrelation, while state interpersonal income inequality does not. Local hot and cold spots are found for the per capita income series, while local spatial outliers are found for state interpersonal inequality. Mobility in both inequality series is found to be influenced by the local spatial context of a state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevailing measures of relative poverty are unchanged when all incomes grow or contract by the same proportion. This property stems from seemingly implausible assumptions about the disutility of relative deprivation and the cost of social inclusion. We propose "weakly relative" lines that relax these assumptions. On calibrating our measures to national poverty lines and survey data, we find that half the population of the developing world in 2005 lived in poverty, only half of whom were absolutely poor. The total number of poor rose over 1981 to 2005 despite falling numbers of absolutely poor. With sustained economic growth, the incidence of relative poverty became less responsive to further growth. The number of relatively poor rose, just as the numbers of absolutely poor fell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the association between weather risk and poverty as well as the significance of weather index insurance for agricultural and rural areas in lower-income countries in the U.S. Uninsured weather risks tend to contribute to the existence of chronic poverty, though health problems are often considered as the greatest risk encountered by many rural households. The risk of extreme weather events contributes to the existence of chronic poverty. It was concluded that the effective mechanisms transferring risk can catalyze investment and economic growth, lessening poverty in rural areas of lower income countries.

Poverty has become an important term in contemporary America. Much has been said in recent months about its level and the prospects for its removal, with most of the discussion being concentrated upon the increasing reluctance of poverty to disappear in the face of economic growth. The author suggests that there exists in the U.S., a sizable number of individuals who are relatively unaffected by the general course of economic progress. For lack of a better term, these people may be considered to be in the "backwash" of American economic life, in effect, non-participants in the increasing affluence of this society. There has been a decline since 1956 in the rate at which poverty is eliminating. Part of this decline is due to the general sluggishness of the economy in this period. However, a substantial part must also be attributed to the presence of a "hard-core" group of people who are not basically affected by the normal processes of economic growth. The existence of a nonlinear relationship between the extent of poverty and the economic-activity variables admits the existence of a declining poverty-elimination rate and, consequently, the possibility that the future impact of economic growth and progress the extent of poverty will be minimal.