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NGOs have, by and large, given a warm welcome to the new UK White Paper on International Development. But, after 20 years of political marginalization, is the development community too easily satisfied? This article argues that the White Paper does mark a welcome break from the previous Conservative approach with a number of commendable policy ideas. The document overall, however, still contains important flaws, particularly in areas where the Treasury will have inevitably played a critical role. If DFID and the new Secretary of State can take credit for the best of the White Paper's contents then her Cabinet colleagues are the obvious culprits for the worst. This article argues that NGOs can play a constructive role by recognizing the weaknesses of the Paper and undertaking to help in building the public constituency for further, and more fundamental, change. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Labour government's new White Paper promises great changes in the British aid programme: re-focusing aid on poverty reduction, partnerships replacing one-sided conditionalities, and policy coherence so that the broad gamut of British policies in areas as diverse as agriculture, trade and investment are in line with the needs of international development. However, the Paper is stronger on broad policy statements than detail as to how to implement these strategies. Moreover, an examination of the history of British aid shows continuity to have been greater than change. Both Labour and Conservative governments have presided over cuts in UK aid, and so instead pointed to the high quality of British aid. But efforts to improve aid quality have been impeded by the use of aid to achieve political and commercial objectives. Whether the White Paper represents a break with the past cannot be determined by the Paper's brave rhetoric, but only by the future actions of the Department for International Development. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the perspective of the Independent Group on British Aid (IGBA) 1997 White Paper on International Development. Measures for which the IGBA has been campaigning since the publication of "Real Aid: A Strategy for Britain," in 1982; Significance of the White Paper; Advice from the group regarding the White Paper on International Development.

Sustainable development goals are increasingly discussed today, so this paper investigates the interdependent relationships between economic, social and environmental factors within the European Union Member States. The study explores how GDP per capita, purchasing power, official support for development, poverty and social exclusion indicators, perceived health status, educational attainment, and environmental practices such as recycling rates, circular use of materials and net greenhouse gas emissions interact with each other. The results show overall positive trends between socio-economic development and environmental performance and show how stronger economies are largely conducive to improvements in social and environmental domains. However, the study also reveals important exceptions, highlighting the crucial role of effective national policies and resource management. By identifying and discussing these complex interrelationships, the paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how economic progress can be aligned with social progress and environmental responsibility, providing valuable insights for public policymaking in the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1997 White Paper on international development is the first such policy statement since 1975. Comparison of the two thus gives us an opportunity for assessing how official thinking and politics in the UK have responded to the many changes that have occurred in the meantime. This article first compares the views of the two papers on the nature of development and of the poverty problem; and then compares the treatment of EC/EU issues. Neither Paper was just about aid. We conclude that WP75 appears comparatively narrow in focus and unsophisticated in its appreciation of the problems addressed, but is better at taking a strategic view and more forthcoming about specifics. What WP97 gains in the breadth and sophistication of its appreciation of problems it loses in detachment from reality and retreat from specifics. Its treatment of EU issues is surprisingly laconic. But overall WP97—in its various forms—is more accessible and decidedly more populist. It has already been disseminated to a far wider audience than WP75 ever reached. Its success is in simplifying a world which development officials know has grown more complex; its failing is that they seem unsure about specifically how their influence and modest resources can best be applied to improving it. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflation is a crucial issue for businesses and households, central banks and governments, in fact for all economic actors, as it has a strong impact on economic growth and welfare. This literature review captures how monetary policy and governmental policy can control inflation, how their measures work, and which are the key points to consider when conducting these policies, especially in times of crises. It uses academic papers from the past eight decades, supplemented by publications from financial and economic institutions, but focuses on literature beginning with the 2000s to capture the latest methods and techniques to find out what drives inflation and how. Monetary policy and governmental policy should act together to effectively fight inflation. Monetary policy can have adverse effects on governments' future tax revenues and debt-to-GDP ratios. Fiscal policy measures should be associated with altered government spending to avoid high inflation rates and/or high debt burdens in the future. Especially during and right after crises, measures have to be evaluated as too long support can fuel inflation in the future. Both parties should also take into account people's inflation expectations, as these shape their economic behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research paper described and explored the efforts of Bhutto's governments towards the good governance as per the criteria World Bank. Good governance-the major issue of Pakistan was not handled properly. After the death of the Father of Nation Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto emerged as the most popular leader in West Pakistan. Bhutto came in power in 1971and gave a constitution to country but unfortunately he ousted from power corridor by Army Chief General Zia in 1977. Contributions of Z. A. Bhutto's government for establishing good governance through the participation of representatives of people in decision making process. Transparency and Accountability of representatives and bureaucracy were introduced. Easy approach of common citizens towards the government institutions is launched. Socio-Economic and Political reforms were adopted as per the interest of people. Z A Bhutto's daughter Benazir Bhutto, twice served as Prime Minister, first from November 1988 to August 1990 and second time from October 1993 to November 1996. The periods of government of both Bhutto's government regarded as a milestone towards the democracy and democracy is the key factor of good governance. Benazir Bhutto continued policy of his father especially for the participation of peoples in this regard she emphasized on women participation and representation in every walk of life. This is paper would analyze the data collected by using qualitative and descriptive methods of research to analyze the achievements and the failures of the governments of Bhutto d and Benazir Bhutto for establishing good governance in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most intriguing thing about the China policy of the Bush Administration during its first term is not that it did not follow up with its campaign promises. Rather it is the continued contradiction and inconsistency in conceptualization and implementation. Throughout the past 4 years, one heard two different voices from the Administration: one advocates a candid, constructive and cooperative relationship with China; the other insists on the need to restrain and contain China. Since 9/11, against the backdrop of the war against terror, the first voice prevailed over the latter. However, while the latter voice was largely subdued, it did reassert itself at times and on certain issues, and threatens to come back when circumstances change. Four years after the Bush Administration came into office, the question whether China is a competitor or a partner still remained unanswered. This paper will first review the evolution of Bush Administration's China policy during its first term. Then it will try to analyze the major factors shaping the development. Finally, it will speculate on the prospect for development of the relationship in Bush's second term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a widespread perception among academic researchers and aid practitioners alike that empirical cross-country analysis fails to find any significant link between aid flows and growth, and that aid is successful only when associated with good policies in the recipient countries. These positions do not stand up to careful scrutiny of existing studies. In this paper, we offer a re-examination of the literature on the aid–savings, aid–investment, and aid–growth relationships, and a comparative appraisal of more recent research contributions. Using an analytic framework for evaluating the empirical work, a coherent and positive picture of the aid–growth link emerges. There is a robust aid–growth link even in countries hampered by an unfavourable policy environment. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research paper deals with the global macroeconomic policies that are required to be framed and analysed to achieve sustainable economic development. The concepts of Global Supply Chains (GSCs) and their interlinkages with international trade and development have been studied at length. It is observed that a substantial share of the production processes is taking place in developing countries. The paper also deals with government policies and governance issues and their implementation including inclusive growth for sustainable economic development. The study concludes that there is no single best model or policy mix that works for all countries and the paths to inclusive growth must be contextualised and adapted to country-specific challenges and ambitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents economic development and the economic structure in the two regions mentioned above. Given the fact that the economic structure is strongly related to the development whether of the region or of the national economy, which is presented with GDP, and it is taken as an indicator of analysis. The purpose of the research in this paper is to identify the economic areas which are carriers of development in the two regions mentioned above, which are one of the most underdeveloped regions of North Macedonia. The paper uses an empirical method - analysis of changes in regional components, which reveals economic sectors that are larger or smaller contributors to GDP in the two regions. The analysis shows that in these regions depressive economic structures dominate. The highest contribution to the formation of GDP in the two regions was made by trade (the best option with allotment effect 4), a sector which has limited accumulative capabilities and as such can't give impetus to economic development. The worst option sector in both regions is that of agriculture, in Polog it marks the aloof effect1 and in the southwest the aloof effect 2. The results of the empirical analysis show that in these regions government policies should be much more active with state instruments to help the economic structure to improve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares the approaches to poverty elimination adopted by the UK government White Paper on international development and the Australian government's review of its overseas aid programme (Ausaid Review). Both documents adopt sustainable poverty reduction/elimination as the key policy leitmotiv of overseas aid policy. However, a difference of approach is in evidence. The UK White Paper ventriloquizes the DAC and World Summit social policy targets and ambitiously elevates its own departmental policy and values to that of government policy overall--though without specifying the instruments by which this consistency can be assured. The silence on the resource implications of the overriding objective of poverty elimination, in terms of budgetary provision, could create a credibility gap between intentions and programme implementation. The Ausaid Review, on the other hand, hones its cutting edge on the complex, often self-serving array of development programmes that are often lacking in focus and harboured from external scrutiny by an overprotective bureaucracy. The Review suggests the adoption of a single value statement of 'poverty reduction through sustainable development' by which all programmes should be judged. The predominantly Australian-based tertiary education scholarship programme is criticized for pandering to domestic educational constituencies and reflecting a weak linkage to poverty reduction. However, in the final analysis the narrow geographical focus of the programme, the privileged status of PNG and the level of tied aid remain substantially intact--despite serious question marks over their poverty content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty is a multi-dimensional concept, not just lack of food consumption but also of the lack of opportunities to spend a moderate life including education, and healthy life. Poverty and inequality in Pakistan created many obstacles that hamper the way of good governance. If the economic policies and growth are not pro-poor then poverty would rise in any society including Pakistan, even in the presence of good governance. The rising poverty rates in Pakistan badly affected and declined the value system in society very rapidly which ultimately paved way for manipulation and exploitation. Poverty and hunger lead to crimes, social disorder and intoxication in Pakistan, while good economic condition protects human beings from such evils. In Pakistan, education is the primary source of human capital earning and accumulation that plays a very important role, but unfortunately, the literacy rate is also very low. Education increases the production and proficiency of human resources and thus produces skilled and capable manpower, talented enough of leading the economy in the direction of sustainable development and create competence which is just like a magnetic field contributing to good governance. Likewise, economic development leads to mental satisfaction which also strengthens good governance. This paper is an attempt to explore the relationship between poverty and good governance and analyze the impacts of poverty on good governance in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A word analysis of six UK government White Paper policy statements on aid (selected between 1960 and 2006) compares the top 20 words and key word pairs used in each document. Characteristic sentences are composed of the top 20s to represent the spirit of each paper. Results illuminate changes in the content of White Papers on aid, and point to trends in the history of the UK's approach to international development. A characteristic sentence to illustrate the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness is contrasted with a sentence of words that did not appear in that document. Readers are invited and challenged to identify words they would like to be used and acted on more commonly in development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Russia's armed aggression has caused a deep socio-economic crisis and has far-reaching unpredictable consequences for the national economy. One of the key negative consequences of Russia’s armed aggression is the threat to the sustainable development of the national economy. All aspects of sustainable development in Ukraine are affected: economic development, environmental protection, social and gender equality, etc. Under Russian armed aggression, there is an urgent need for balanced and sound strategic state regulation, which is designed to ensure sustainable development in Ukraine in the short and long term. The aim of the paper is to determine the features of strategic state regulation under Russia’s armed aggression in the development of the national economy in the coordinates of sustainable development. The paper considers Ukraine's progress in achieving the goals of sustainable development. The most problematic areas in terms of sustainable development goals are outlined with a focus on Russia’s armed aggression as the major cause. An overview of the situation in the world in terms of the conflict level is performed, common features in the field of sustainable development in countries affected by armed aggression are highlighted. It is emphasized that the difficulties in achieving the goals of sustainable development are complex in nature. Sustainable development drivers are both of financial and non-financial nature. Four key factors that hinder the achievement of sustainable development goals at the present stage are considered: 1. Liquidity shortage globally; 2. Complicated access to debt financing; 3. The need for urgent financial measures; 4. The need to increase productivity and productive capacity. A description of the UNDP scenario on the development of the consequences of Russian armed aggression in the field of poverty in Ukraine is given. The key areas of focus for a set of Government measures in the context of a large-scale socio-economic crisis have been identified. The importance of applying a coordinated and sound policy of the Government under Russian armed aggression was emphasized. Special attention is paid to the need to use a flexible approach in developing a set of measures for strategic governmental regulation to ensure sustainable development. The importance of applying digitalization achievements in the context of implementing support programs for citizens and businesses was emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the regional economic development of Yogyakarta, a former Indonesian capital city carrying dynamic change over the past forty years. Government policy to build massive infrastructure was crucial to starting the agglomeration of Yogyakarta as a central city. According to the New Economic Geographic perspective, this paper shows that Sleman, as a medium-level suburban area becomes a shadow urban for Yogyakarta, whereas the urban Yogyakarta and Sleman suburban have become indifferent and borderless over recent years. Spatially, this economic transformation indicates a shifting perception of economic power among the regions. This paper examines the economic development in urban Yogyakarta using data triangulation in analysis. The finding shows that their Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), economic activities, and regional populations were increasingly dispersed into its suburban areas. Thus, distributing potential markets all over regions should be concerned in planning and regional development in Yogyakarta. This argument is consistent with the spirit of inequality alleviation between urban and suburbs toward a convergent economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the conceptual issues of public policy failure in Nigeria and how it affects economic development. The study discussed the general overview of public policy, the need of public policy in Nigeria. The study analyzed the concept of public policy and economic underdevelopment. The paper reveals, among other reasons, why public policies are not effective in Nigeria and the public policies that failed in the country over the years. The paper also outlined the consequences of public policies failure in Nigeria. The study was based on the thesis of elite theory. The study concludes that constant changes of government in Nigeria, high level of corruption among government officials of these public policies agencies among others affected the smooth operations of public policies in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that there should be continuity in public policy implementation even where there is change in government as government is a continuum; and parochial and primordial interests should be avoided during policy formulation and implementation in the country. There should be capital punishment in the country constitution to address the issues of corruption in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the economy develops, self-financed capital investments are less frequent, being replaced by financing through banking intermediation and later through capital markets. The development of financial systems has a positive effect on the mobilization of resources, improving corporate governance and risk management, leading to economic growth. The preponderance of previous research papers shows a positive relationship between financial development and economic growth. Studies using cross-sectional methodologies discover almost unanimously a positive link between financial development and economic growth, while studies with methodologies based on time series, panel data or case studies reach different conclusions depending on the period considered, the countries' initial level of development and the structure of the financial systems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of financial systems on economic growth using panel regressions based on annual data regarding measures of financial development for the member countries of the European Union, for the period 1990-2020. The findings show that the development of the financial systems, through the activity of banks and capital markets, has a positive effect on the allocation of resources, the mobilization of savings and the efficient management of risks, leading in turn to economic growth if there is a correlation between the funds invested and the output of the real sector. The paper's contribution to the field refers to the study of the long-term relations between the financial systems and the economic growth using data for all European Union countries, the findings helping to formulate public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Labour government's White Paper is welcome as it builds firmly on the policies of the previous Conservative administration. In particular, the four aims of aid policy laid out in the Fundamental Expenditure Review—support for sound political and economic policies, promotion of stronger health and education services, encouragement of sustainable development, and a commitment to work with our international partners to alleviate poverty and to provide disaster relief—are all confirmed in the White Paper. The White Paper's support for this agenda represents some U-turns, for example with respect to the relationship to the IMF, a possible social clause in the WTO and the position on the quantity and quality of British aid. However, there are also areas of confusion created by some of Labour's statements on aid policy that the White Paper does little to resolve—such as the relationship between DFID and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (including the respective roles of the Know-How Fund and the Westminster Foundation for Democracy), the role of NGOs, and the future of mixed credits. While the White Paper is welcome, the real test lies in Labour's future performance, which will have to be carefully scrutinized. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is hypothesized that a well-functioning financial market is necessary but not sufficient condition to achieve the expected economic growth. Therefore, policy instruments of government aimed at streamlining financial sector activity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are imperative. As a result, this paper explores the effect of financial development on economic growth by allowing the link between the two far variables to be mediated by the quality of institutions for the period 2000–2019. Using Twenty-nine (29) countries and the System-Generalized Method of Moments (system-GMM) estimation method, it is found that financial development has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. In addition, it is found that, when rule of law, political stability, and regulatory quality are highly effective, the positive effect of financial development on economic growth is magnified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patent system is instrumental in contributing to firms' innovation and nations' economic growth. However, the system has been plagued by a series of persistent problems that prevent it from playing its full role. For example, the fundamental issue of who should be awarded the patent has not yet been resolved; the massive backlog of patent applications in patent offices worldwide has become a major headache for policymakers and innovating firms. In the paper, we propose and discuss a framework that digital technologies could offer promising solutions to these longstanding issues, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of the patent system. Meanwhile, we also present and discuss a few challenges faced by the patent system due to the cumulative nature and interconnectedness of digital technologies. Therefore, the digital era opens up new possibilities for the patent system but also brings about new challenges. This paper hopes to shed light on the discussion on the reform of the patent system in the digital era and point out a few possibly fruitful research directions in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose In the last decade, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows have increased dramatically in the world, especially in the emerging economies. Some of these countries make changes in their market conditions that will improve the civil rights and liberties to attract better FDI flows. The purpose of this paper is to test the linkage between democracy and FDI flows to Turkey.Design/methodology/approach The present study employs a bounds testing procedure developed (Pesaran et al., 2001) for cointegration analysis on six different long-run models with selected determinants of FDIs with yearly data from 1977 to 2011.Findings The intuition the paper empirically provides how improvements in democracy have a significant positive impact on FDI flows to Turkey. The results may also put forward that, in the long run, FDI inflows will have spillover effects in Turkey’s economy.Research limitations/implications Although one drawback in the study is having a small sample size of 35 observations, estimating six different long-run models is one way to overcome it. Thus presented results may be in short of simplification for some readers. This, however, opens an opportunity for future studies to further the proposal by employing in different models and/or longer data sets if possible.Practical implications A stable government policies, more civil freedom, and sustained institution politics should not be ignored in Turkey given its geopolitical location.Originality/value This paper satisfies the established need to study of democracy and FDI flows link is necessary in an emerging market such as Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increase in current investment in the digital economy of Indonesia is needed to leverage the potential of human capital more effectively for the country to experience healthier economic growth. Company stake holders and government policy makers that are directly affected by the Indonesian economy can leverage the benefits provided by the digital economy segment to invest in human capital and stimulate economic growth through socio-economic support. An analysis of Indonesia's socio-economic situation in 2020 is conducted by analyzing trends in the population's economic abilities, digital data connectivity, and education levels, then comparing the utilization of these resources to population case studies, social and economic theories, and documented research of government and private organizations. Human capital investment parameters were chosen based on previous economic studies which revealed that investing in the human capital of a country's population promotes economic growth through means of economic empowerment, education, and technological advancement of the common population. This paper samples statistics from 2017 up to the first quarter of 2020 of the digital economy and labor market. In addition, this paper provides some review of the socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as it relates to investing in human capital to stimulate economic growth. Most of the statistics used in this study are sourced from federal agencies and some are sourced from private organizations. Comparative analysis of the statistics reveals that services from the digital economy provide virtual presence; social connectivity; and data availability, access, and utilization. Also, financing endeavors of the country's human capital through Peer to Peer (P2P) lending and investing in the education of human capital is important to stimulate economic growth. Furthermore, productive gains in business operations can increase across Indonesia's industries if the skillset of workers currently in the labor market can be advanced through accessible training, such as online learning and certification platforms. Last, reforming and investing more in the accessibility and quality of education to the common population, even at a young age, can effectively develop individuals to create and maintain competitive advantages across Indonesia's industries in the global and local markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to do a thorough literature review to assess the current status of corporate sustainability (CS) practices, issues and challenges in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and based on literature suggest a model that can improve and strategically manage their sustainability practices in the emerging market context of Asia. Design/methodology/approach: After setting the theoretical background on why the corporations need to shoulder the responsibility of sustainable development, the authors did a high level literature review to estimate the gap area and based on the findings formulated some research questions on why the SMEs, more specifically those in Asian emerging market, are lagging behind in terms of CS practices. Next, using the "literature survey" as the methodology the authors did a thorough in-depth literature review to answer the above research questions and organised the findings in light of those research questions. Considering the research gap and the crucial role of SMEs in a country's economic progress the authors restricted the literature search on CS in the case of SMEs only. Findings: CS is a well-practiced area in big organisations. However, the literature suggests that in the case of SMEs the situation is different. Social and environmental practices are grossly neglected in SMEs more specifically in emerging markets. Existing literature mentions that collaborative mode of operation, government policy and facilitation, supporting organisation culture can positively influence SME's sustainability performance, and hence, improve their financial performance. Research limitations/implications: The conceptual model has been developed based on suggestions and recommendations in western countries context. To establish the validity of the model in the Asian business scenario it needs to be tested with a sizable sample of SMEs in the Asian market. Practical implications: The current paper has practical implications both for academic research on sustainable development and also in business development. The proposed model in the current form is based on the literature survey only. Once such a model is empirically established this can be proved beneficial for providing guidance to SMEs to enhance the sustainability of their business operations. Moreover, environmental and social best practices adopted by SMEs will also have a positive influence on society and the environment in the long run. Originality/value: This paper had done a country-wise comparison of sustainable practices in SMEs and based on the recommendations and suggestions of different scholars as found in the detailed literature review, the authors developed few research propositions and also presented a conceptual model. Finally, to address the gap it mentions some future research possibilities to test and validate the proposed model in the context of SMEs in emerging markets of Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the European Union's 2014-2020 cohesion policy's new aims is to promote integrated urban development strategies that enhance sustainable urban development. Following the emergence of the integrated urban development policy, city policies in EU show a trend in that direction but overall changes towards a sustainable integrated urban development are limited. One of the major problems for planners and implementing actors seems to be the management of complexity, which originates in three sources: the policy, the planning and implementation processes as well as the implementation place. The paper elaborates on the question: what is triple complexity and how can planning and implementing actors of the EU integrated sustainable urban development policy manage it? The paper suggests the use of a place-oriented theory and proposes a theory-guided ex-durante (ongoing) evaluation called Place Scan. I assume that the method can support planners and implementing actors to manage complexity and to improve quality of exdurante evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-country development faces the challenge of meeting the dual goals of economic growth and regional development, while resolving the tension between these two objectives. Over the past decade, the Chinese government has attempted to use the allocation of construction land and fiscal transfer payments to encourage the industrial development of its underdeveloped areas. This paper shows that this attempt was accompanied by an overall economic slowdown and a decline in resource allocation efficiency, which not only undermines the international competitiveness of China's economy, but also creates an elevated risk of debt. The paper points out that the realization of China's dual goals of efficiency and regional balance will require increased labor mobility rather than a simple increase in the scale of policy driven resource relocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethiopia's economy has been growing at breakneck speed for well over a decade now, earning the nickname as Africa's lion. In recent years, the development literature on Ethiopia has paid particular attention to the role of industrial policy, especially the ways in which the Ethiopian experience compares to that of the Asian tigers. But through this comparative-historical perspective, little attention has been devoted to an important aspect of industrial policy in Ethiopia – foreign direct investment (FDI) in the manufacturing sector. This paper compares FDI-oriented industrial policy in Ethiopia in the current era (particularly focusing on light manufacturing) to that of South Korea and Taiwan between 1960 and 1990, arguably the two most generalisable cases among the Asian tigers. The paper argues that FDI-oriented industrial policy in Ethiopia seems to be bringing about short-term economic benefits, and is showing promise for further industrialisation. At the same time, it could benefit from taking more lessons from the long-term economic development perspective that characterised South Korea's and Taiwan's approach to FDI. Such a long-term perspective most importantly includes pro-active strategies to transfer technology from foreign firms to the domestic economy and the creation of backward linkages from foreign to domestic firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the mutual disruption and support of economic growth and health improvement in the last 500 years in the UK.Design/methodology/approach The paper is a general review and it compares institutional development, public policy, technological advances and scientific discoveries in economic growth with those in health improvement.Findings The paper finds the co-existence of slower economic growth and less increasing life expectancy from 1541 to 1871 and that of faster economic growth and rising life expectancy from 1871 to 2001. It is organized health improvement that effectively propelled economic growth in the time span of 1871-2001.Research limitations/implications The findings may contribute to the literature on mutual enhancement between economic growth and health improvement.Practical implications The findings may also provide implications to the policy makers how important organized health improvement is to economic growth.Social implications The findings show that when UK Government was leading in organized health improvement for the population, economic grown got propelled into a faster lane.Originality/value This paper is among the first to unveil that a socially responsible government has permanent impact on the paths of both economic and social growth. It has value to other researchers attempting to understand the mutual disruption and support of economic growth and health improvement in the historical UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a two-period Overlapping Generations (OLG) model of endogenous growth in which a two-way relationship between social capital and human capital is studied. In order to illustrate the impact of public policies, the model is calibrated using the data for a low-income country, India and a sensitivity analysis is reported under different parameter values. Based on the numerical analysis, this paper focuses on possible trade-offs in the allocation of government spending between two productive components, that is, social capital-related activities and education. The results of this paper show that an increase in the share of public spending on social capital-related activities through a cut in spending on education or vice versa entails trade-offs. However, the trade-off fades away and the net impact on long-run growth turns out to be positive for different parameter values in the case where a higher share of spending on education is financed by a cut in spending on social capital-related activities but a policy in improving social capital accumulation at the expense of education is always detrimental to long-run growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyse the unintended effects of a national policy. We explore how national payroll taxes policies can explain changes in wage gaps between cities. To do so, we exploit a payroll tax reform implemented in 2012 in Colombia. Using monthly data between 2011 and 2014, we estimate the effect of this policy in the lower part of the income distribution, and in particular at a window around the minimum wage, relying on a triple-difference estimation. Our results suggest that national policies aimed at reducing informality can have important effects in reducing wage gaps across cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Accounting & Financial History Research Journal / Muhasebe ve Finans Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi. is the property of Association of Accounting & Financial History Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)