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23 p.-2 tab., Stem borers (Lepidoptera) are common cereal pests. In many parts of the world, the species Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides stand out as important insect pests of economically important crops such as maize. Their management relied mainly on transgenic host plant resistance over the last 25 years. Technologies based on the insecticidal properties of Bacillus thuringiensis-derived proteins allowed widespread pest population suppression, especially for O. nubilalis. However, the recent discovery of Bt resistance, which has revitalized interest in both pests’ biology and management, may jeopardize the effectiveness of such transgenic technologies. Historical information on O. nubilalis bionomy may need to be reassessed in light of changing climate conditions and changing agricultural practices, as well as increased production of alternate host crops across its distribution range. The current paper examines the bioecology and historical research that has been conducted to manage these two important maize-boring pests.

The Indian species of the genus Polygraphus Erichson, 1836 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) collected from various localities of the Western Himalayan region and the species available at the National Forest Insect Collection (NFIC), Forest Research Institute, Dehradun (India) were studied and are reviewed herewith. A key to Indian species of Polygraphus is provided. Detailed bioecological field and laboratory observations of P. major including mating behaviour, gallery pattern, life cycle and seasonal history are reported.

2016-2018 yılları arasında Batman ilinin tamamını kapsayacak şekilde farklı habitatlarında yayılış gösteren yaban hayatı memeli hayvan türleri araştırılmış ve tespit edilen türlerin populasyonlarını tehdit eden unsurlar belirlenmiştir. 169 lokalitede toplam 40 gün arazi çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan arazi ve literatür çalışmaları sonucunda 16 familyaya ait toplam 33 memeli hayvan türü tespit edilmiştir. Bu türlerden 26 tanesi doğrudan gözlemlenirken, 7 tanesi ise literatür çalışması olarak tespit edilmiştir., The wildlife mammal species which were distributed in different cover all habitats of Batman province were investigated between 2016-2018, and the factors that threaten the populations of the species were determined. The land studies were carried out in 169 localities for 40 days. A total of 33 mammal species belonging to 16 families have been identified as a result of land and literature studies. While 26 of these species were observed directly, 7 of them were not determined.

Marmara Denizi'nde dağılım gösteren Paraonidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) türlerinin taksonomik ve ekolojik açıdan araştırmak amacıyla farklı derinlik (0- 1200 m) ve biyotoplara sahip toplam 93 istasyondan 866 bentik örnek alınmıştır. Kalitatif ve kantitatif analizler sonucunda 4 genusa ait 25 tür ve bu türlere ait toplam 6427 birey tespit edilmiştir. Bu türlerden Cirrophorus turcicus bilim dünyası için; Aricidea mirunekoa Akdeniz faunası için; Cirrophorus nikebianchii Türkiye faunası için; Aricidea annae ve Aricidea wassi ise Marmara Denizi faunası için yeni kayıtlardır. Araştırma bölgesinde en baskın (%30) ve en yüksek frekans değerine sahip türün (%14) Aricidea pseudoarticulata olduğu saptanmıştır. En fazla tür ve birey sayısı (25 tür, 6352 birey) çamur biyotopunda (10-100 m); en az tür ve birey sayısı (2 tür, 2 birey) ise Mytilus galloprovincialis biyotopunda (0,3-0,5 m) tespit edilmiştir. Marmara Denizi'nin alt ve üst su tabakaları farklı paraonid kommunitesine sahiptir. Paraonidlerin bölgede dağılımına etki eden en önemli çevresel faktörlerin derinlik ve subtratum yapısı olduğu tespit edilmiştir., In order to to investigate the taxonomical and ecological features of the Paraonidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) species in the Sea of Marmara, a total of 866 benthic samples were collected from 98 stations with different depths (0-1200 m) and biotopes.According to quantitative and qualitative analyses, 6427 specimens belonging to 4 genera and 25 species and were determined. Among these species, Cirrophorus turcicus is new to science; Aricidea mirunekoa is new to the Mediterranean fauna; Cirrophorus nikebianchii is new to the marine fauna of Turkey; and A. annae, A. wassi and Paradoneis armata are new to Sea of Marmara. Aricidea pseudoarticulata is the most dominant (30 %) and frequent (14 %) species in the study area. The highest number of species and individuals (25 species, 6352 individual) were found in soft substratum (10-1200 m) and the lowest number of species and individuals (2 species, 2 individuals) in the Mytilus galloprovincialis biotope (0,3-0,5 m). The upper and lower layers of the Sea of Marmara had different paranoid communities. The most important environmental factors affecting the distribution of paraonids were depth and types of substrata.

portuguesRegistra-se a escolha de plantas secas de Conyza spp como local de oviposicao pela cigarra Quesada gigas (Olivier, 1790). Sao apresentadas questoes da historia natural das cigarras que indicam a impossibilidade dos imaturos completarem seu ciclo de vida nessa especie vegetal. Sao discutidas algumas implicacoes no manejo de culturas onde Q. gigas possui importância economica. Palavras-chave: parica; cafe; buva; bioecologia; controle EnglishThis study recorded the choice of dry plant of Conyza spp as oviposition site by cicada Quesada gigas (Olivier, 1790). We presented issues of natural history of the cicadas that indicate the inability of immatures to complete life cycle in this species of plant. Some implications on cultures where Q. gigas has economic importance are also discussed. Key words: parica; coffee; buva; bioecology; control

The white grub, Aegopsis bolboceridus (Thomson) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae), is an important vegetable and corn pest in central Brazil. The objective of this study was to examine the biology of A. bolboceridus in the field and to update the list of its host plants. The study was conducted in an area with vegetable crops and corn located in the Federal District of Brazil. Samplings were taken to observe the biological stages of A. bolboceridus, preferred oviposition sites, and the adult swarming period. A. bolboceridus exhibited a univoltine cycle that lasted approximately 12 months from egg to active adults. Its eggs were found from October to November. The larval stage lasted approximately eight months, occurring between October and May. Pre-pupae were observed between April and June, and pupae were found between May and July. Inactive adults were observed in July and August, and the swarming period was between September and October. The females preferred to oviposit in sites with taller plants. Four new plant species were identified as hosts for this pest, and two new locations were recorded for its occurrence. This study is the first to describe the biology of a representative of the tribe Agaocephalini in Brazil.

Multiannual study of needle-cast disease on pines shows that Lophodermium species, as well as other widely-ranging micro-organism species, are characterized by high variability in morphology, physiology, biology pathogenic characters, epiphytotiology and other characteristics, which points to the assumption on the existence of biotypes, forms or still unidentified species in this genus. This paper presents the study results which contribute to the elucidation of the confusion regarding the genus name Lophodermium and the species, biotypes or forms described in the genus.

The aim of the present work conducted at the Refugio de Vida Silvestre Bahía Samborombón, Argentina, is to analyse the most relevant aspects of the life cycles of Chasmagnathus granulatus and Uca uruguayensis: their abundance, size distribution and sex ratio in order to be used for make management purposes. A total of 1200 individuals of U. uruguayensis (megalopae, juveniles and adults) and 957 individuals of C. granulatus (juveniles and adults) were collected from March 2001 to February 2003. U. uruguayensis had a maximun density of 42 ind./m2 in February 2003, while the maximun density of C. granulatus was 52 ind./ m2 in June 2001. Minimun density was zero individual for both species in July 2002. Each environmental factor sampled (temperature of water, salinity and pH) was correlated with the abundance of each species by Pearson’s linear correlation analysis. Sex ratio did not significantly differ from the expected Mendelian ratio, except for U. uruguayensis in December 2002 (male-biassed) and C. granulatus in June and December 2001, April 2002 and February 2003 (female-biassed). Ovigerous females of U. uruguayensis and C. granulatus were found during the summer., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

A year-long beach seine survey at the continental margin of Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, catching mainly young-of-the-year and juvenile fishes was carried out from July 1983 to June 1984, in order to describe the community structure and their spatial and seasonal variations. Fifty-five monthly samplied carried out in five sites in the marginal surf zone waters yielded 11,463 fishes in 82 species, 59 genera and 31 families. Gerreidae, Engraulidi-dae, Atherinidae and Ariidae families amounted 87.01% of the total catch in number, and 81% in weight. Cerres aprion Cuvier, 1829, Anchoa januaria (Steindachner, 1879), Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911), Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) and Neluma barba (Lacépède, 1803) were the most numerous species, each one contributing more the 4% of total catch. Overall, both spatial and seasonal changes in fish were not evident although most individuais were more abundant in the outer Bay. The high number of fish species in this area, suggest the important role played by the Sepetiba Bay in the fish community to where many species probably migrate from the nearby sea and stay in the Bay during part of their life cycle. Decreasing diversity and high dominance of a few number of species seem to indicated a trend of environmental deterioration in the Sepetiba Bay over the last decade, as this date are compared whith similar sampling program carried out in 1993/94. It same to indicated that changes in fish populations which use this area as rearing grounds, occurred during their early life history.

International audience; The pine scale Matsucoccus feytaudi was accidentally introduced into the maritime pine stands of the Maure and Estérel Forests. It is the primary cause of the dieback of 120 000 ha stands and its specialist predator Elatophilus nigricornis has been studied. It is possible to maintain and raise it in laboratory conditions but its output is not prolific enough to envisage propagation which would allow it to be released in natural conditions. When raised in laboratory conditions the time required for its development (table II) and fecundity have been determined. In natural conditions, nymphs develop in trunk bark cracks, adults mate, but females insert eggs in needles. The population of the eggs is distributed according to two gradients: a decreasing gradient from the bottom to the top of the trees and a decreasing gradient from the trunk to the extremities of the branches (figures 3 and 4). The distribution of its nymph populations on the trunk and branches is different before (figure 5) and after (figures 6 and 7) the invasion of M. feytaudi. In reality, the distribution of the predator nymph populations always coincides with that of its host even when that of the latter changes. E. nigricornis produces at least three generations a year (one for M. feytaudi) and overwinters at the fertilized female stage (figures 1 and 2). Two sampling methods have allowed us to estimate the population levels which have developed during (figure 8 ; table III ; IV) and after the pine scale invasion (figures 9 and 10, table V). Even when there was widespread destruction of the trees attacked due to the action of the xylophagous, there is a link between the size of the E. nigricornis populations on the trees and the capacity of the tree to survive. In stands where more than half the trees survived it was found that in 6 years the level of weekly captures was multiplied by 26 (figure 9). Finally, on regeneration trees which replaced the old stands that had been destroyed or felled, the population levels are 3 times greater (figure 10).; Biologie et écologie d'Elatophilus nigricornis Zetterstedt (Hemiptera Anthocoridae) prédateur de Matsucoccus feytaudi Ducasse (Homoptera Matsucoccidae) dans le Sud-Est de la France. Les pullulations de la cochenille Matsucoccus feytaudi, introduite accidentellement dans les peuplements de pins maritimes des Maures et l'Estérel, ont entraîné le développement de son prédateur Elatophilus nigricornis. Il est possible de maintenir E. nigricornis en élevage au laboratoire mais son rendement ne permet pas d'envisager sa multiplication pour effectuer des enrichissements dans les conditions naturelles. La durée de son développement et sa fécondité ont été précisées. Sur le terrain, il vit dans les fissures des écorces des troncs et des branches. Les femelles déposent ses œufs dans les aiguilles. La répartition de ses pontes est décrite et interprétée. Il présente trois générations par an, alors que M. feytaudi n'en a qu'une, et passe l'hiver au stade de femelle fécondée. Deux méthodes d'échantillonnage ont permis d'estimer ses populations : elles sont en très bonne coïncidence spatiale avec celles de son hôte ; même quand la répartition de ce dernier sur l'arbre change ; elles sont plus élevées sur les arbres survivants et surtout sur les arbres issus de régénérations naturelles qui se sont développés après la destruction des peuplements initiaux. En définitive E. nigricornis est un prédateur sur les pins très spécialisé sur Matsucoccus.

In the time period between May/92 to Abril/93, 602 (267 males and 335 females) specimens oi P. brasiliensis Latreille, 1817 were collected. The shrimps were captured by night using a hand net in áreas between 30 to 150 cm deep. The amplitude of length ranged from 1,3 to 13,7 cm, the highest frequencies of capture were registered during the Fali between the classes of 7,0 and 10,0 cm. The males present isometric growth and the females negative allometric one. The size of the pre-adult ranged from 8,8 cm for the females and 9,2 cm for the males. The recruiting occurs chiefly in the Summer with intense growth during the Fall-Winter period, reaching a climax with the migration of pre-adults to the ocean in midwinter.

Des études précédentes ont montré que les anophèles vecteurs de paludisme humain, présentaient des densités particulièrement élevées sur les berges des grands fleuves qui s'écoulent dans la forêt équatoriale du Sud Cameroun. Pour savoir si ces moustiques pénètrent ou non dans la forêt, leur échantillonnage a été effectué à l'aide de pièges lumineux du type CDC placés dans des maisons distantes de moins de 200 mètres des berges du fleuve Sanaga et dans des maisons à 1,5 km du fleuve. Dans les maisons situées à moins de 200 m du fleuve, les densités moyennes d'#Anopheles nili$ et d'#An. gambiae$ étaient respectivement 40 fois et 5 fois plus élevées qu'à 1,5 km du fleuve. La forêt équatoriale constitue donc un réel obstacle à la dispersion des anophèles. Leur confinement dans les abords immédiats du fleuve permet d'expliquer pourquoi les densités anophéliennes sont si élevées près du fleuve et si faibles dans le reste de la forêt. (Résumé d'auteur)

Alga is a marine resource of potential to fisheries and marine sector. It has an important economic value to promote the economy in Indonesia. Nowdays, algae have been used as a relatively high value fisheries commodity since it has been used for food, industrial, pharmaceutical and cosmetic raw materials. This important potential needs to be supported with understanding of its biology and ecology, so that its utilization could increase the livelihood of the coastal villagers. This study was aimed at inventorying and identifying the members of genus Caulerpa found in North Minahasa Regency waters and studying some biological and ecological aspects of the algae in the area. Resuls showed that there were 7 species recorded, Caulerpa racemosa, C. racemosa var. macrophysa, C. sertularioides, C. taxifolia, C. serrulata,C. lentillifera and C. peltata. Ecologically, the environmental parameters, such as water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, were in tolerable ranges for algal growth. Bottom substrate supported the growth of genus Caulerpa as well© Saat ini alga dijadikan sebagai komoditas hasil perikanan dengan nilai ekonomis yang relatif tinggi karena manfaatnya sebagai bahan makanan serta bahan baku industri, farmasi, dan kosmetik. Potensi yang cukup penting ini harus ditunjang dengan ilmu pengetahuan tentang biologi dan ekologi dari alga laut, sehingga pemanfaatannya dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat pesisir. Penelitian tentang kajian bioekologi alga makro genus Caulerpa di perairan Minahasa Utara ini dilaksanakan dan diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi ilmiah tentang bioekologi alga makro genus Caulerpa, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan pemanfaatan bagi kepentingan masyarakat pesisir khususnya dan industri alga makro umumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi dan mengidentifikasi alga makro genus Caulerpa di perairan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, dan mengkaji aspek bioekologinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 7 spesies, yaitu Caulerpa racemosa, C. racemosa var. macrophysa, C. sertularioides, C. taxifolia, C. serrulata, C. lentillifera dan C. peltata. Parameter lingkungan seperti suhu, salinitas, pH, oksigen terlarut, tingkat kecerahan air berada pada kisaran yang dapat ditolerir untuk pertumbuhan alga makro, sedangkan substrat juga mendukung pertumbuhan alga makro ini©