29 results on '"Sticta"'
Search Results
2. Rewriting the evolutionary history of the lichen genus Sticta (Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae subfam. Lobarioideae) in the Hawaiian islands
- Author
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Bibiana Moncada, Robert Karl Luecking, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch
- Subjects
biology ,Ascomycota ,Insular biogeography ,Ecology ,Genus ,Sticta ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Endemism ,Lichen ,Peltigeraceae - Abstract
Hawaiian lichen species have been thought to be widespread, with low endemism. Nine species of the genus Sticta (Peltigeraceae subfamily Lobarioideae) have previously been reported for Hawaii, all supposedly cosmopolitan or Pantropical or widespread in the Paleotropics except for the putative endemic S. plumbicolor. This study is the first one employing a molecular phylogenetic approach to Hawaiian Sticta, elucidating the relationships of these conspicuous and ecologically important macrolichens. We sequenced the ITS fungal barcoding locus and used a maximum likelihood approach to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of Hawaiian Sticta from a large dataset of more than 200 species. Thirteen species were identified among Hawaiian Sticta, four more than previously recorded. Of these, seven are new to science and putatively endemic to Hawaii. Only four previously reported species were confirmed: S. fuliginosa, S. limbata, S. plumbicolor and S. tomentosa. Together with S. plumbicolor and S. scabrosa subsp. hawaiiensis (described elsewhere), putative endemism in Hawaiian Sticta is estimated at 69%. The 13 species correspond to nine or ten colonization events, predominantly from the Australasian realm. Thus, the evolutionary history of Sticta lichens in the Hawaiian archipelago is very different from what has been assumed, and matches that of other organisms in many aspects. The seven new species, all with cyanobacterial photobionts, are Sticta acyphellata, a small, stipitate Sticta with isidia and lacking cyphellae; S. antoniana, a mid-sized Sticta with abundant marginal lobules, apothecia, and a thick, grey-brown lower tomentum ending abruptly to leave a bare marginal zone; S. emmanueliana, a small, shortly stipitate Sticta forming small lobes with marginal isidia and black cilia; S. flynnii, a small, shortly stipitate Sticta with largely unbranched thallus with marginal isidia and a veined underside producing large, irregular cyphellae; S. hawaiiensis, a small Sticta with a suborbicular thallus with laminal isidia, conspicuous white cilia, and papillae on the membrane of the cyphellae; S. smithii, a small, stipitate Sticta with marginal, flattened isidia and small cyphellae; and S. waikamoi, a small to mid-sized Sticta with a much-branched thallus with slightly canaliculate lobes and marginal, dark isidia, and a thick, dark brown lower tomentum with strongly contrasting whitish cyphellae.
- Published
- 2020
3. Two new species of Sticta (Peltigeraceae subfam. Lobarioideae) from the Brazilian Cerrado (Brazilian savanna)
- Author
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Aline Pedroso Lorenz, Thiago D. Barbosa, Marcos Junji Kitaura, Adriano Afonso Spielmann, and Jean-Marc Torres
- Subjects
Porella ,biology ,Ecology ,Sticta ,Plant Science ,Vegetation ,biology.organism_classification ,Thallus ,Geography ,Taxon ,Genus ,Clade ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Global biodiversity - Abstract
Sticta, the most diverse genus of the Lobarioideae (Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae), contains species easily recognized by the presence of genuine cyphellae on the lower cortex of the thallus. Two new species collected in typical cerrado vegetation in Central Brazil are described as S. cerradensis and S. porella, including morphological, anatomical, and molecular analyses based on the ITS region. The two new taxa belong to one of the major Sticta clades, which contains mostly New World species. This work shows that the cerrado, a global biodiversity hotspot located in the center of South America, could contain a great diversity of new species of lichenized fungi.
- Published
- 2021
4. Sticta aongstroemii, a newly recognized species in theS. damicornismorphodeme (Lobariaceae) potentially endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Brazil
- Author
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Bibiana Moncada, Robert Lücking, and Manuela Dal Forno
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Lobariaceae ,biology ,Ecology ,Sticta ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Geography ,Atlantic forest ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2018
5. Two new records of the family Lobariaceae (Lichenized Ascomycota: Peltigerales) from Argentina
- Author
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María Inés Messuti, Alfredo Passo, Romina Vidal-Russell, and José M. Scervino
- Subjects
Mycobiota ,Lobariaceae ,biology ,Ascomycota ,Distribución ,Pluvialis ,Ecology ,Sticta ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Geography ,lcsh:Botany ,diversidad ,Pseudocyphellaria ,lcsh:Q ,Peltigerales ,América del Sur ,lcsh:Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
As part of long term studies focused in the lichenized mycobiota diversity from southern Argentina, two species of the family Lobariaceae (Peltigerales), Pseudocyphellaria pluvialis and Sticta longipes, are registered for the first time in Argentina. These species were previously reported as endemic from southern Chile. Brief descriptions, illustrations and information about the distribution and ecology of the species are provided.
- Published
- 2018
6. Sticta deyana: A New Endemic Photomorphic Lichen from the Imperiled Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of Eastern North America
- Author
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James C. Lendemer and Bernard Goffinet
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Ecology ,Coastal plain ,Population ,Allopatric speciation ,Biodiversity ,Endangered species ,Sticta ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Biodiversity hotspot ,Geography ,Genetics ,Lichen ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
An intensive lichen biodiversity inventory of the imperiled Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of eastern North America resulted in the discovery of a new species of the ecologically sensitive macrolichen genus Sticta. The species is formally described as S. deyana based on a combination of molecular and morphological data. It is most similar to the southern Appalachian endemic S. fragilinata, differing in its diminutive thallus, narrower lobes, and allopatric distribution. All but one population of S. deyana occurs within the Dare Regional Biodiversity Hotspot of coastal North Carolina and within the most conservative estimated sea-level rise by 2100.
- Published
- 2016
7. Cophylogenetic patterns in algal symbionts correlate with repeated symbiont switches during diversification and geographic expansion of lichen-forming fungi in the genus Sticta (Ascomycota, Peltigeraceae)
- Author
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Bibiana Moncada, Robert Lücking, Joel A. Mercado-Díaz, Matthew P. Nelsen, Emmanuël Sérusiaux, Bernard Goffinet, Nicolas Magain, Todd J. Widhelm, Antoine Simon, Hanna Lindgren, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ascomycota ,Algae ,Chlorophyta ,Genus ,Elliptochloris ,RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ,Genetics ,Symbiosis ,Lichen ,Molecular Biology ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Host (biology) ,Ecology ,Trebouxiophyceae ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Sticta ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Coccomyxa ,Multilocus Sequence Typing - Abstract
Species in the fungal genus Sticta form symbiotic associations primarily with either green algae or cyanobacteria, but tripartite associations or photosymbiodemes involving both types of photobionts occur in some species. Sticta is known to associate with green algae in the genus Symbiochloris. However, previous studies have shown that algae from other genera, such as Heveochlorella, may also be suitable partners for Sticta. We examined the diversity of green algal partners in the genus Sticta and assessed the patterns of association between the host fungus and its algal symbiont. We used multi-locus sequence data from multiple individuals collected in Australia, Cuba, Madagascar, Mauritius, New Zealand, Reunion and South America to infer phylogenies for fungal and algal partners and performed tests of congruence to assess coevolution between the partners. In addition, event-based methods were implemented to examine which cophylogenetic processes have led to the observed association patterns in Sticta and its green algal symbionts. Our results show that in addition to Symbiochloris, Sticta associates with green algae from the genera Chloroidium, Coccomyxa, Elliptochloris and Heveochlorella, the latter being the most common algal symbiont associated with Sticta in this study. Geography plays a strong role in shaping fungal-algal association patterns in Sticta as mycobionts associate with different algal lineages in different geographic locations. While fungal and algal phylogenies were mostly congruent, event-based methods did not find any evidence for cospeciation between the partners. Instead, the association patterns observed in Sticta and associated algae, were largely explained by other cophylogenetic events such as host-switches, losses of symbiont and failure of the symbiont to diverge with its host. Our results also show that tripartite associations with green algae evolved multiple times in Sticta.
- Published
- 2020
8. Oligocene origin and drivers of diversification in the genus Sticta (Lobariaceae, Ascomycota)
- Author
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Todd J. Widhelm, Emmanuël Sérusiaux, Bernard Goffinet, Robert Lücking, Jen-Pan Huang, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Nicolas Magain, Bibiana Moncada, Matt J. Asztalos, Nicholas M. A. Crouch, Joel A. Mercado-Díaz, Francesca R. Bertoletti, and Roberta J. Mason-Gamer
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Time Factors ,Lichens ,Range (biology) ,Tree of life (biology) ,Biodiversity ,Biology ,Diversification (marketing strategy) ,Extinction, Biological ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ascomycota ,Genus ,Genetics ,Lichen ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogeny ,Ecology ,Sticta ,biology.organism_classification ,Biological Evolution ,Phylogeography ,030104 developmental biology ,Biological dispersal - Abstract
A major challenge to evolutionary biologists is to understand how biodiversity is distributed through space and time and across the tree of life. Diversification of organisms is influenced by many factors that act at different times and geographic locations but it is still not clear which have a significant impact and how drivers interact. To study diversification, we chose the lichen genus Sticta, by sampling through most of the global range and producing a time tree. We estimate that Sticta originated about 30 million years ago, but biogoegraphic analysis was unclear in estimating the origin of the genus. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of dispersal ability finding that Sticta has a high dispersal rate, as collections from Hawaii showed that divergent lineages colonized the islands at least four times. Symbiont interactions were investigated using BiSSE to understand if green-algal or cyanobacterial symbiont interactions influenced diversification, only to find that the positive results were driven almost completely by Type I error. On the other hand, another BiSSE analysis found that an association with Andean tectonic activity increases the speciation rate of species.
- Published
- 2017
9. High diversity, high insular endemism and recent origin in the lichen genus Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota, Peltigerales) in Madagascar and the Mascarenes
- Author
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Emmanuël Sérusiaux, Antoine Simon, Bernard Goffinet, and Nicolas Magain
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Range (biology) ,Biogeography ,Biodiversity ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Fungal Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ascomycota ,Genus ,Genetics ,Madagascar ,Lichen ,Endemism ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogeny ,biology ,Ecology ,Sticta ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,biology.organism_classification ,Biological Evolution ,Biodiversity hotspot ,Haplotypes ,RNA Polymerase II - Abstract
Lichen biodiversity and its generative evolutionary processes are practically unknown in the MIOI (Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands) biodiversity hotspot. We sought to test the hypothesis that lichenized fungi in this region have undergone a rapid radiation, following a single colonization event, giving rise to narrow endemics, as is characteristic of other lineages of plants. We extensively sampled specimens of the lichen genus Sticta in the Mascarene archipelago (mainly Reunion) and in Madagascar, mainly in the northern range (Amber Mt and Marojejy Mt) and produced the fungal ITS barcode sequence for 148 thalli. We further produced a four-loci data matrix for 68 of them, representing the diversity and geographical distribution of ITS haplotypes. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships within this group, established species boundaries with morphological context, and estimated the date of the most recent common ancestor. Our inferences resolve a robust clade comprising 31 endemic species of Sticta that arose from the diversification following a single recent (c. 11 Mya) colonization event. All but three species have a very restricted range, endemic to either the Mascarene archipelago or a single massif in Madagascar. The first genus of lichens to be studied with molecular data in this region underwent a recent radiation, exhibits micro-endemism, and thus exemplifies the biodiversity characteristics found in other taxa in Madagascar and the Mascarenes.
- Published
- 2017
10. The Lichen Genus Sticta in South Korea
- Author
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Soon-Ok Oh, Jung A Kim, Florin Crişan, Jae-Seoun Hur, Udeni Jayalal, Young Jin Koh, and Santosh Joshi
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Foliose ,Ecology ,Sticta ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Sticta fuliginosa ,Sticta weigelii ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Herbarium ,Genus ,Lobariaceae ,South Korea ,Botany ,Key (lock) ,Nostoc ,Lichen ,Sticta nylanderiana ,Research Article - Abstract
Sticta (Schreber.) Ach. is one of the common lichen genera in tropical and subtropical regions, but not in the Korean Peninsula. For almost two decades, no detailed taxonomic or revisionary study has been done on this genus. This study was based on the specimens deposited in the lichen herbarium at the Korean Lichen Research Institute, and the samples were identified on the basis of recent literature. In this revisionary study, a total of eight species of Sticta, including a newly recorded one are documented. These species include Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach., Sticta gracilis (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr., Sticta limbata (Sm.) Ach., Sticta nylanderiana Zahlbr., Sticta sublimbata (J. Steiner) Swinscow & Krog, Sticta weigelii (Ach.) Vain., Sticta wrightii Tuck., and Sticta yatabeana Müll. Arg. Detailed descriptions of S. nylanderiana, S. sublimbata, S. weigelii, and S. yatabeana with their morphological, anatomical, and chemical characteristics are provided. A key description of all known Sticta species of the Korean Peninsula is also presented.
- Published
- 2014
11. Porosty Beskidów Wyspowego i Żywieckiego, Pasma Jałowca i Masywu Babiej Góry [The lichens (Lichenized Fungi) occurrence in the Beskid Wyspowy, Beskid Żywiecki and Pasmo Jałowca Ranges, and the Babia Góra Massif]
- Author
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Janusz Nowak
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Peltigera malacea ,Cladonia ,biology ,Ecology ,Range (biology) ,Sticta ,Plant Science ,Massif ,biology.organism_classification ,Botany ,Epiphyte ,Sphaerophorus ,Lichen ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The work presents lichenological materials collected in the years 1964–1969 in the area of the Beskid Wyspowy, Beskid Żywiecki and Pasmo Jałowca Ranges and the Babia Góra Massif in the Western Carpathians. In the years 1996–1997 comparative studies of those mountain ranges were undertaken again. However, the author managed to reinvestigate the lichens of the Beskid Wyspowy Rangę only, he will probably not be able to continue the research in the other ranges. The check-list of the lichen species occurring there in the sixties, published nów for the first time, can be the reference for the lichenologists who would carry out this project in the same way as the author referenced to the former investigations (STEIN 1872; REHMAN 1879; BOBERSKI 1886; MOTYKA 1934; ZSHACKE 1934; SUZA 1951). In the Beskid Wyspowy Range 342 species of lichens were found, among them 112 epiphytic species, 30 epixylic species, 6 epibryophytic species, 55 epigeic species and 139 epilithic species were recorded. One species of lichenicolous fungus was also found Epilichen scabrosus. In the Beskid Żywiecki and Pasmo Jałowca Ranges, and Babia Góra Massif 543 species of lichens occurred, among them 183 epiphytic species, 43 epixylic species, 21 epibryophytic species, 69 epigeic species and 194 epilithic species. The check-list includes also lichenicolous species: Carbonea vitellinaria, Chaenothecopsis consociata, Microcalicium arenarium, Sphinctrina turbinata, Stenocybe pullatula. In the Babia Góra Massif 27 species previously published from there were not found again: Catolechia wahlenbergii, Cliostomum corrugatum, Phaeographis dendritica, Polyblastia cupularis, P. sendtneri, Solorina crocea, Sticta syhatica (comp. STEIN 1872), Ramalina calicaris (REHMAN 1879), Usneaflorida, U. longissima, U. scrobiculata (MOTYKA 1934), Polyblastia pallescens (ZSCHACKE 1934), Arthrorhaphis alpina, Cladonia amaurocrea, C. bellidiflora, C. cyanipes, C. macrophylla, Evernia divaricata, Hypotrachyna sinuosa, Mycobilimbia berengeriana, Nephroma laevigatum, Peltigera malacea, P. venosa, Solorina saccata, Sphaerophorus fragilis, Sporastatia polyspora, Thamnolia vermicularis (comp. SUZA 1951).
- Published
- 2014
12. Ecology and Distribution ofCoccocarpia filiformisand Other New and Uncommon Florida Lichens
- Author
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Ann DeBolt, Roger Rosentreter, and Barry Kaminsky
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Biogeography ,Distribution (economics) ,Sticta ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Swamp ,Herbarium ,Botany ,Key (lock) ,Cypress ,business ,Lichen - Abstract
We report Coccocarpia filiformis as new to North America, based on 10 herbarium specimens (FH, MSC, and US) and one recent field collection. Coccocarpia filiformis has been collected in North America but misidentified since 1885. It is found in oak hammocks, scrub and cypress swamps from north Central Florida to the Panhandle, growing amongst liverworts and occasionally on other lichens. In addition, we report Coccocarpia pellita and Lecanora barkmaniana as new to North America. We report Sticta carolinensis, Bagliettoa baldensis, Nephroma helveticum and Endocarpon petrolepideum as new to the state of Florida. We also report the second collection of Coccocarpia prostrata to North America. Notes and a key to North American Coccocarpia are included, as are ecological and distribution data for other uncommon Florida lichens.
- Published
- 2013
13. Neotropical members of Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) forming photosymbiodemes, with the description of seven new species
- Author
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Bibiana Moncada, Luis Fernando Coca, and Robert Lücking
- Subjects
Lobariaceae ,biology ,Ascomycota ,Ecology ,Sticta ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Coca ,Genus ,Botany ,Key (lock) ,Gross morphology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Lobaria pulmonaria - Abstract
As part of a larger systematic and taxonomic revision of the genus Sticta in the northern Andes, several species were discovered forming green algal and cyanobacterial photosymbiodemes, seven of which are new to science and are described here—S. lobarioides Moncada & Coca, S. macrothallina Moncada & Coca, S. neopulmonarioides Moncada & Coca, S. phyllidiokunthii Moncada & Lucking, S. pseudolobaria Moncada & Coca, S. pulmonarioides Moncada & Coca, and S. tatamana Moncada & Coca. All species are discussed and illustrated, and a key to species with Lobaria pulmonaria gross morphology is given.
- Published
- 2013
14. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) in Colombia
- Author
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Bibiana Moncada, Alejandra Suárez, and Robert Lücking
- Subjects
Type (biology) ,Ecology ,Ascomycota ,biology ,Genus ,Mycology ,Molecular phylogenetics ,Zoology ,Sticta ,Parallel evolution ,Lichen ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
We present a molecular phylogenetic study of the lichen genus Sticta focusing on Colombia, using the ITS fungal barcoding gene for a total of 370 ingroup OTUs, with 322 newly generated sequences. The topology resulting from a maximum likelihood approach does not support current species concepts in Sticta, which use a morphological concept, but in contrast shows that similar morphodemes evolved multiple times independently within the genus. As a consequence, currently applied names such as S. fuliginosa and S. weigelii comprise numerous (up to more than 20) unrelated species-level lineages, which can be distinguished also phenotypically using previously unrecognized characters such as lobe configuration, lobe surface structure, tomentum type, and anatomy of the basal membrane of the cyphellae. We conclude that the genus Sticta contains about four to five times the number of species currently recognized. In Colombia alone, approximately 150 species of Sticta are present.
- Published
- 2013
15. Further photomorphs in the lichen family Lobariaceae from Reunion (Mascarene archipelago) with notes on the phylogeny of Dendriscocaulon cyanomorphs
- Author
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Bernard Goffinet, Emmanuël Sérusiaux, and Nicolas Magain
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Pantropical ,Sticta ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Phylogenetics ,Polyphyly ,Lobaria ,Archipelago ,Dendriscocaulon ,Lichen ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Two new photomorphs in the Lobariaceae have been found on the remote island of Reunion in the Mascarene archipelago: the free-living Dendriscocaulon-like cyanomorph of the pantropical Lobaria discolor, and the cyanomorph of Sticta dichotoma, a species apparently endemic to the western parts of the Indian Ocean, known only from its chloromorph. Inferences from three loci demonstrate that the fungus involved in each morph of either pair belongs to the same species. Phylogenetic analyses resolve all genera of the Lobariaceae as polyphyletic, and all Dendriscocaulon-like cyanomorphs within Lobaria, except for D. dendroides, which belongs to Sticta.
- Published
- 2012
16. Cyanolichens can have both cyanobacteria and green algae in a common layer as major contributors to photosynthesis
- Author
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Frieda L. Henskens, Alistair L. Wilkins, and T. G. Allan Green
- Subjects
Cyanobacteria ,Lichens ,biology ,Ecology ,Peltigera ,Sticta ,Original Articles ,Plant Science ,Chlorophyta ,Carbon Dioxide ,biology.organism_classification ,Photosynthesis ,Ascomycota ,Nitrogen Fixation ,Botany ,Pseudocyphellaria ,Green algae ,Symbiosis ,Lichen - Abstract
Cyanolichens are usually stated to be bipartite (mycobiont plus cyanobacterial photobiont). Analyses revealed green algal carbohydrates in supposedly cyanobacterial lichens (in the genera Pseudocyphellaria, Sticta and Peltigera). Investigations were carried out to determine if both cyanobacteria and green algae were present in these lichens and, if so, what were their roles.The types of photobiont present were determined by light and fluorescence microscopy. Small carbohydrates were analysed to detect the presence of green algal metabolites. Thalli were treated with selected strengths of Zn(2+) solutions that stop cyanobacterial but not green algal photosynthesis. CO(2) exchange was measured before and after treatment to determine the contribution of each photobiont to total thallus photosynthesis. Heterocyst frequencies were determined to clarify whether the cyanobacteria were modified for increased nitrogen fixation (high heterocyst frequencies) or were normal, vegetative cells.Several cyanobacterial lichens had green algae present in the photosynthetic layer of the thallus. The presence of the green algal transfer carbohydrate (ribitol) and the incomplete inhibition of thallus photosynthesis upon treatment with Zn(2+) solutions showed that both photobionts contributed to the photosynthesis of the lichen thallus. Low heterocyst frequencies showed that, despite the presence of adjacent green algae, the cyanobacteria were not altered to increase nitrogen fixation.These cyanobacterial lichens are a tripartite lichen symbiont combination in which the mycobiont has two primarily photosynthetic photobionts, 'co-primary photobionts', a cyanobacterium (dominant) and a green alga. This demonstrates high flexibility in photobiont choice by the mycobiont in the Peltigerales. Overall thallus appearance does not change whether one or two photobionts are present in the cyanobacterial thallus. This suggests that, if there is a photobiont effect on thallus structure, it is not specific to one or the other photobiont.
- Published
- 2012
17. Lichens of Aisen, Southern Chile
- Author
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Francisco Riquelme, Cecilia Rubio, Wanda Quilhot, Mauricio Cuellar, and Rodrigo Díaz
- Subjects
Mycobiota ,Ecology ,biology ,Cladonia ,endemismo ,Species diversity ,Sticta ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification ,endemism ,biogeografía ,Botany ,Pseudocyphellaria ,Diversidad liquénica ,Lichen diversity ,steppe areas ,áreas estepáricas ,Lichen ,Endemism ,Temperate rainforest ,biogeography - Abstract
La micobiota liquénica de la Región de Aisén incluye 319 especies en 87 géneros; el número total de especies de los géneros Menegazzia y Protousnea registrados en Chile se encuentran en esta región. La diversidad de biomas, desde bosques templado-lluviosos, particularmente en zonas oceánicas, a áreas estepáricas, ofrece una variedad de macro y microhabitats favorables para los líquenes. La mayor diversidad liquénica (56 %) se registró en un área silvestre no intervenida en el Parque Nacional Laguna San Rafael. La diversidad específica es más elevada en bosques templado-lluviosos que en zonas estepáricas, en estas últimas se registró la mayoría de los líquenes antárticos (23.0 %). El endemismo es más bien elevado (26.0 %); numerosas especies de los géneros Protousnea, Pseudocyphellaria, Menegazzia, Cladonia, Sticta, Nephroma son endémicas del sur de América del Sur. Las especies cosmopolitas (16 %), australes (16 %) y bipolares (13 %) son los elementos biogeográficos más representativos. La diversidad liquénica de Aisen corresponde al 20 % de la flora liquénica de Chile. The lichen mycobiota of Aisen (southern Chile) comprises 319 taxa in 87 genera. All of the species of Menegazzia and Protousnea, previously recorded in Chile, are present in this region. The diversity of biomes, from temperate rainforests -particularly in oceanic zones- to steppe areas, offers an enormous number of macro and microhabitats favorable for lichens. The highest lichen diversity, 56 %, was recorded in an undisturbed locality in Laguna San Rafael National Park. Lichen species diversity is higher in oceanic temperate rainforests than in steppe areas, where the majority of Antarctic lichens (23 %) are registered. Levels of endemism are rather high (26 %) and are due mainly to species of the genera Protousnea, Pseudocyphellaria, Menegazzia, Cladonia, Sticta, Nephroma. Other biogeographical elements in the region's lichen mycobiota are: cosmopolitan (16 %), austral (16 %) and bipolar (13 %). Lichen diversity in Aisen represents about 20 % of the known lichen mycobiota of Chile.
- Published
- 2012
18. Diversity and distribution of epiphytic macrolichens on tree trunks in two slopes of the montane rainforest of Gran Piedra, Santiago de Cuba
- Author
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Dania Rosabal, Ana Rosa Burgaz, and Rudy De la Masa
- Subjects
biology ,Ecology ,Species diversity ,Sticta ,Plant Science ,Rainforest ,biology.organism_classification ,Geography ,Indicator species ,Species richness ,Epiphyte ,Lichen ,Hypotrachyna ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The macrolichens are a conspicuous component of the montane rainforest of Gran Piedra, Santiago de Cuba. This study aims at comparing the species composition, frequency and cover area of epiphytic macrolichens between the north and south slopes, as well as to determine the variation in species composition and frequency of epiphytic macrolichens in communities along and around the tree trunk. Six plots were sampled; three on the north-facing slope and three on the south slope. We found 21 species of macrolichens. Sticta beauvoisii, Hypotrachyna lineariloba and Pannaria tavaresii are new records for Cuba. Differences were observed in species composition between slopes, whereas neither the species composition nor the frequency changed significantly with cardinal orientation or vertical distribution on the trunk. Heterodermia leucomelaena and Leptogium austroamericanum were considered as indicators of the north slopes, and Cladonia ceratophylla of the south slope.
- Published
- 2010
19. Sticta alpinotropica, a new saxicolous lichen species from the alpine zone of Mt Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea
- Author
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André Aptroot
- Subjects
Geography ,biology ,Ecology ,Equator ,Elevation ,Alpine climate ,New guinea ,Sticta ,Lichen ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The lichen species Sticta alpinotropica is described new to science from Papua New Guinea. It grows on rock between 3900 and 4200 m elevation in an alpine environment virtually on the equator. Although it is locally abundant, it is known only from one small mountain top.
- Published
- 2008
20. New species of Grammolingia Ren, 2002 from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China (Neuroptera: Grammolingiidae)
- Author
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Yongjie Wang, Dong Ren, and Chaofan Shi
- Subjects
biology ,Neuroptera ,Genus ,Ecology ,Single row ,Key (lock) ,Zoology ,Sticta ,biology.organism_classification ,China ,Inner mongolia ,Entire wing - Abstract
Three new species, Grammolingia uniserialis n. sp., Grammolingia binervis n. sp., and Grammolingia sticta n. sp. are described from the Jiulongshan Formation of northeastern China. G. uniserialis n. sp. exhibits a single row of cells in the costal area almost along the entire wing length except the basal part, which is rare in the family and firstly found in this genus. G. binervis n. sp. and G. sticta n. sp. add two new patterns of wing markings to the family. A key to the species of Grammolingia Ren, 2002 is provided. All types of wing markings present in this family are classified. doi:10.1002/mmng.201300008
- Published
- 2013
21. Studies on The Lichen Genus Sticta (Schreber) Ach.: I. Southern South American Species
- Author
-
David J. Galloway
- Subjects
biology ,Ecology ,South american ,Zoology ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Sticta ,biology.organism_classification ,Lichen ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Twelve species of Sticta are recorded from southern South America,(Argentina and Chile including Juan Fernandez) south of latitude 30°S, viz., S ainoae, S. caulescens, S. fuliginosa, S. gaudichaldia, S. hypochra, S. hypopsila, S lineariloba, S. limbata, S. longipes, S. sublimbata and S. weigelii, and S. santessonii D Galloway is newly described. A key is provided, and details of anatomy, morphology, distribution, ecology and taxonomy are discussed.
- Published
- 1994
22. Gnaphosid Spiders mainly from the Daisetsuzan Mountains, Hokkaido, Japan
- Author
-
Hirotsugu Ono
- Subjects
Holarctic ,Gnaphosa ,Geography ,Drassyllus ,biology ,Ecology ,Fauna ,Sticta ,Pales ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Micaria alpina - Abstract
Ten species of spiders of the family Gnaphosidae of Hokkaido, Japan, collected mainly from the Daisetsuzan Mountains, are reported. Of these, Drassyllus shaanxiensis PLATNICK et SONG, 1986, and D. sasakawai Kamura, 1987, are newly registered to the fauna of Hokkaido, and Micaria alpina L. KOCH, 1872, and Gnaphosa sticta KULCZYNSKI, 1908, are recorded from Japan for the first time. The female genitalia and the male pales of the latter two species are illustated on the basis of the Japanese materials. Micaria alpina are widely distributed in the northernmost part of the Holarctic regions, while Gnaphosa sticta is known only from northeastern Siberia and Hokkaido. The specimens of the spiders were collected by bait trapping.
- Published
- 1994
23. Revision of Egglestonichthys and of Priolepis species possessing a transverse pattern of cheek papillae (Teleostei; Gobiidae), with a discussion of relationships
- Author
-
Mary Burridge and Richard Winterbottom
- Subjects
Monophyly ,Teleostei ,Trimma ,South china ,biology ,Ecology ,Priolepis ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Sticta ,biology.organism_classification ,Clade ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Great barrier reef - Abstract
We recognize seven species in this group, five of which are described here. Priolepis profunda (Weber) occurs in central Indonesia and western Australia; P. anthioides (Smith) is known only from Zanzibar; P. aithiops n.sp. and P. sticta n.sp. are known only from Flores, Indonesia; P. fallacincta n.sp. occurs fairly widely in the western Pacific from Taiwan to Fiji and the Great Barrier Reef; P. randalli n.sp. is present in the Persian Gulf (and probably the Red Sea); and Priolepis RW sp. 8, to be described by other workers, is known from Japan through to western Australia, the Great Barrier Reef, and New Caledonia. The monotypic Egglestonichthys (known from a single specimen from the South China Sea) exhibits all the defining characteristics of Priolepis, and represents the plesiomorphic sister-group of either Priolepis, if the latter proves to be monophyletic, or of a monophyletic group composed of Priolepis, Trimma, Trimmatom, Paratrimma, and possibly some other genera. The entire clade is defined by two autapomorphies: loss of the cephalic sensory canals and associated pores, and a broad gill opening extending anteroventrally to below at least the vertical limb of the preopercle.
- Published
- 1992
24. Ecophysiological Adaptations of the Lichen Genera Pseudocyphellaria and Sticta to South Temperate Rainforests
- Author
-
T. G. A. Green and Otto L. Lange
- Subjects
biology ,Habitat ,Ecology ,Botany ,Pseudocyphellaria ,Species diversity ,Sticta ,Evergreen ,biology.organism_classification ,Lichen ,Temperate rainforest ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Thallus - Abstract
Temperate rainforests are a poorly researched habitat with respect to lichen ecophysiology in comparison to desert and polar regions. The evergreen, broadleaf forests provide a dim, moist environment that is relatively stable throughout the year. Lichens are abundant in both quantity and species diversity with the large foliose genera Sticta and Pseudocyphellaria normally being dominant, visually and in terms of biomass. These lichens exhibit a great diversity of both form and habitat range. Physiological and morphological adaptation has also been demonstrated. Pseudocyphellaria dissimilis shows changes in thallus water storage capacity with evaporative demand and is also highly shade-adapted. The species has the lowest light saturation and compensation values for photosynthesis yet known for lichens (20 and 1-μmol m−2s−1, PAR, respectively). Unexpectedly it is also highly desiccation-sensitive with some thalli being killed after only 20 h exposure to 15% relative humidity. Photobiont versatility is also a feature of these genera. Photosymbiodemes occur, i.e. a single thallus containing both green algal and cyanobacterial sectors. Because the different sectors have the same fungal partner and grow in the same habitat, it is possible to investigate whether particular physiological traits are photobiont determined. The ability to recover photosynthetic activity in humid air is confined to thalli with green algal photobionts whilst the inability of thalli containing cyanobacterial photobionts to tolerate high light stress may be related to their lack of a protective xanthophyll cycle.
- Published
- 1991
25. Decomposition of Species of Pseudocyphellaria and Sticta in a Southern Chilean Forest
- Author
-
G. Guzman, Wanda Quilhot, and David J. Galloway
- Subjects
Biomass (ecology) ,Nutrient ,biology ,Ecology ,Pseudocyphellaria ,Environmental science ,Poaceae ,Sticta ,Rainforest ,biology.organism_classification ,Chusquea macrostachya ,Decomposition ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The annual rate of lichen decomposition was measured in a mixed, cool temperate rainforest in Puyehue National Park, southern Chile. Five macrolichens, Pseudocyphellaria berberina, P. divutsa, P. glabra, P. nitida and Sticta hypochra, and bamboo leaves (Chusquaea macrostachya) were used as experimental material. Rates of decomposition are high in all lichen species and ranged from k = 0·45 to 2·79. Lichens with hopane triterpenoids {P. divulsa and P. glabra) were more resistant to decomposition. The contribution of these lichens to the nutrient economy of the rainforest ecosystem is highly significant, as they are both abundant in terms of biomass and have a rapid turnover.
- Published
- 1990
26. A survey of East Palaearctic Gnaphosidae (Araneae). 3. On new and poorly known Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804
- Author
-
Yuri M. Marusik and Mikhail M. Omelko
- Subjects
Gnaphosa ,biology ,Ecology ,Synonym ,Zoology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Sticta ,Body size ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Two new species, Gnaphosa koponeni sp. n. (♂♀, Tuva, Russia) and G. tunevae sp. n. (♀, Mongolia) are described. New figures and distribution data are provided for G. gracilior Kulczynski, 1901, G. kansuensis Schenkel, 1963, G. mandschurica Schenkel, 1963, G. sticta Kulczynski, 1908, G. stoliczkai O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 and G. wiehlei Schenkel, 1963. Additional morphological evidence is provided that G. similis Kulczynski, 1926 is not a synonym of G. muscorum (L. Koch, 1866). Gnaphosa stoliczkai is reported from Mongolia for the first time. The synonymy of Gnaphosa potanini Simon, 1895 with G. silvicola Kamura, 1988 is discussed and is likely to be incorrect.
- Published
- 2014
27. Precipitation chemistry in deciduous and evergreen nothofagus forests of southern chile under a low-deposition climate
- Author
-
Carlos Oyarzún, Roberto Godoy, and Víctor Gerding
- Subjects
Nothofagus ,Stemflow ,biology ,Chemistry ,Ecology ,Sticta ,Forestry ,Nothofagus betuloides ,Evergreen ,Throughfall ,biology.organism_classification ,Pseudocyphellaria ,Nothofagus pumilio ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Summary The chemistry of rainfall and its redistribution were studied during the periods July 1997–December 1998 in a Nothofagus pumilio (summergreen) forest and in April 1999–March 2000 in a Nothofagus betuloides (evergreen) forest in two experimental microcatchments, located in the Puyehue National Park, southern Chile (41 °S). Annual precipitation varied from 5406 to 6559 mm during the studied periods, with about 68-80% as rain and 3220% as snowfall. The average pH of bulk precipitation was 5.7. In the N. pumilio forest, the pH of throughfall, stemflow and effective precipitation was 5.7. In the infiltrating water it increased to 5.9 and in the runoff to 7.0. In the N. betuloides forest, the pH value of the precipitation was 6.1 and showed a slight increase in throughfall and soil water to 6.2 and in runoff to 6.5. NO 3 -N concentrations increased inside of both forests, especially in stemflow, suggesting biological N fixation in the canopy due to the presence of epiphytic lichens of the genera Peltigera , Pseudocyphellaria and Sticta living on the trunks, but decreased in the runoff. NH 4 -N concentrations decreased in all compartments inside the forests, especially in runoff water, compared with bulk precipitation. Concentrations of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were higher in throughfall, stemflow and soil solution than in the bulk precipitation. The runoff water both of the N. pumilio and the N. betuloides forest was enriched with cations, especially with Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , indicating active weathering processes. The input of inorganic nitrogen (NO 3 -N + NH 4 -N) via precipitation amounted 3.3 kg ha −1 yr −1 in the studied area, suggesting some anthropogenic contribution from the agricultural activities in the Central Valley and pointing at high levels of rainfall in the Cordillera de los Andes of southern Chile. The water chemistry data are compared with corresponding data from European and North American forests with a particular emphasis on nitrogen deposition. Untersucht wurden die chemische Zusammensetzung des Niederschlags und seiner Verteilungskomponenten in einem sommergrunen Nothofagus pumilio -Wald von Juli 1997 bis Dezember 1998, sowie in einem immergrunen Nothofagus betuloides -Wald von April 1999 bis Marz 2000. Untersuchungsorte waren zwei Microeinzugsgebiete im Nationalpark Puyehue, Sudchile (41° s. Br.). Der gesamte Jahresniederschlag variierte von 5406 mm bis 6559 mm, davon fielen 68-80 % als Regen und 20–32 % als Schnee. Das pH des Gesamtniederschlags betrug 5,7. Im N. pumilio -Wald betrug das pH des durchfallenden Niederschlages + Kronentaufe und Stammabfluss und effektivem Niederschlag 5,7. Im Sickerabfluss stieg er auf 5,9, im Oberflachennahen Abfluss auf 7,0. Im N. betuloides -Wald betrug das pH des Niederschlags 6,1, stieg im durchfallenden Niederschlag und Sickerabfluss leicht auf 6,2 und im oberflachennahen Abfluss auf 6,5. Die NO 3 -N-Konzentration nahm in beiden Waldtypen zu, besonders im Stammabfluss, moglicherweise aufgrund biogener Stickstoffixierung im Kronenbereich durch epiphytische Flechten der Gattungen Peltigera , Pseudocyphellaria und Sticta , nahm aber im Oberflachenahen Abfluss ab. Die NH 4 -N-Konzentrationen nahmen im Vergleich zum Gesamtniederschlag in allen Kompartimenten ab, besonders im letzteren. Die Konzentrationen von K + , Na + , Ca 2+ und Mg 2+ waren in durchfallendem Niederschlag + Kronentaufe, Stammabfluss und Sickerabfluss hoher als im Gesamtniederschlag. Der Oberflachennahe Abfluss war in beiden Waldtypen mit Kationen angerreichert, besonders mit Ca 2+ und Mg 2+ , was aktive Verwitterungsprozesse anzeigt. Der Eintrag von anorganischem Stickstoff (NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N) durch Niederschlagswasser betrug 3,3 kg ha −1 a −1 , vermutlich durch anthropogene Immissionen, verursacht durch die Landwirtschaft in der zentralen Depression, und die hohen Niederschlage in der sudchilenischen Andenkordillere. Die Wasseranalysen werden im Hinblick auf den Stickstoffeintrag mit europaischen und nordamerikanischen Waldern verglichen.
- Published
- 2001
28. Chemical Notes on three Species of Sticta from China
- Author
-
Jian-Bin Chen
- Subjects
Geography ,biology ,Ecology ,Mineralogy ,Sticta ,China ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 1993
29. Labillardiere's Tasmanian lichens
- Author
-
David J. Galloway
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,Parmelia ,Cladonia ,biology ,Ecology ,Cladia ,Sticta ,biology.organism_classification ,Herbarium ,Geography ,Botany ,Ramalina ,Pseudocyphellaria ,Sphaerophorus - Abstract
Lichens from Terra Diemen (Tasmania) collected in 1792--93 by J J H. Labillardiere and now held in the Philip Barker Webb herbarium in Florence (Fl-W) number 21 species in 13 genera preserved on 19 herbarium sheets. These include holotype and isotype material of Baeomyces reteporus Lab ill. [ = Cladia retipora (Labill.) Nyl.], isolectotype material of Sticta billardiere Delise [ = Pseudocyphellaria billardierei (Delise) Rasanen) and taxa from the following genera: Bacomyces, Cladia, Cladonia, Hypogymnia, Leptogium, Menegazzia, Parmelia, Parmelina, Pseudocyphellaria, Ramalina, Sphaerophorus, Srereocaulon and Usnea. These collections constitute the first known lichens from Tasmania. Brief notes, where applicable, accompany the species designations.
- Published
- 1988
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