Author: "LTER" / Topic: ecology - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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31 results on '"LTER"'

1. The value of long-term ecological research for evolutionary insights.

Author: Cocciardi JM, Hoffman AM, Alvarado-Serrano DF, Anderson J, Blumstein M, Boehm EL, Bolin LG, Borokini IT, Bradburd GS, Branch HA, Brudvig LA, Chen Y, Collins SL, Des Marais DL, Gamba D, Hanan NP, Howard MM, Jaros J, Juenger TE, Kooyers NJ, Kottler EJ, Lau JA, Menon M, Moeller DA, Mozdzer TJ, Sheth SN, Smith M, Toll K, Ungerer MC, Vahsen ML, Wadgymar SM, Waananen A, Whitney KD, and Avolio ML
Subjects: Ecosystem, Climate Change, Biological Evolution, Ecology
Abstract: Scientists must have an integrative understanding of ecology and evolution across spatial and temporal scales to predict how species will respond to global change. Although comprehensively investigating these processes in nature is challenging, the infrastructure and data from long-term ecological research networks can support cross-disciplinary investigations. We propose using these networks to advance our understanding of fundamental evolutionary processes and responses to global change. For ecologists, we outline how long-term ecological experiments can be expanded for evolutionary inquiry, and for evolutionary biologists, we illustrate how observed long-term ecological patterns may motivate new evolutionary questions. We advocate for collaborative, multi-site investigations and discuss barriers to conducting evolutionary work at network sites. Ultimately, these networks offer valuable information and opportunities to improve predictions of species' responses to global change., (© 2024. Springer Nature Limited.)
Published: 2024
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2. Time series and beyond: multifaceted plankton research at a marine Mediterranean LTER site

Author: Adriana Zingone, Domenico D'Alelio, Maria Grazia Mazzocchi, Marina Montresor, Diana Sarno, and LTER-MC team
Subjects: Ecology, QH540-549.5, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: Plankton are a pivotal component of the diversity and functioning of coastal marine ecosystems. A long time-series of observations is the best tool to trace their patterns and variability over multiple scales, ultimately providing a sound foundation for assessing, modelling and predicting the effects of anthropogenic and natural environmental changes on pelagic communities. At the same time, a long time-series constitutes a formidable asset for different kinds of research on specific questions that emerge from the observations, whereby the results of these complementary studies provide precious interpretative tools that augment the informative value of the data collected. In this paper, we review more than 140 studies that have been developed around a Mediterranean plankton time series gathered in the Gulf of Naples at the station LTER-MC since 1984. These studies have addressed different topics concerning marine plankton, which have included: i) seasonal patterns and trends; ii) taxonomic diversity, with a focus on key or harmful algal species and the discovery of many new taxa; iii) molecular diversity of selected species, groups of species or the whole planktonic community; iv) life cycles of several phyto- and zooplankton species; and v) interactions among species through trophic relationships, parasites and viruses. Overall, the products of this research demonstrate the great value of time series besides the record of fluctuations and trends, and highlight their primary role in the development of the scientific knowledge of plankton much beyond the local scale.
Published: 2019
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3. Geographical generality of bird-habitat relationships depends on species traits

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Sébastien Bonthoux, Steve Augiron, Jacques Baudry, Gérard Balent, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, LTER Vallées et Coteaux de Gascogne, GeolinkX, Cote-Rousse, Chambéry, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Domaine expérimental de Saint-Laurent-de-la-Prée (ST LAURENT DE LA PREE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), LTER Zone Atelier Armorique, Rennes, LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA SAD, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Villiers en Bois, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 2. Zero hunger, model generality, Generality, business.industry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Distribution (economics), Woodland, 15. Life on land, Biology, Generalist and specialist species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Habitat, traits, land cover, Agriculture, birds, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Species richness, business, species-habitat relationship, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Aim: The environmental filtering process is often considered as static in ecological studies. However, growing evidence shows that species-environment relationships vary in space and time. In this study, we assessed to what extent bird responses to landscape components can be geographically generalised and whether differences in response generality can be explained by traits. Location: France. Methods: We collected a large bird data set (1968 point counts over two years) with a standardised protocol in three agricultural regions with different levels of intensification in France. We modelled the relationships between the distribution of 26 bird species and three landscape components (percentage of woodland, hedgerow density and landscape heterogeneity) and assessed whether differences between regions in bird responses to landscape components (i.e., landscape-region interactions) can be explained by three species traits (habitat specialisation, diet and migration strategy). We also examined the response of total species richness. Results: We found that 16 species showed regional differences in their response at least for one of the three landscape variables. Importance of landscape-region interactions was significantly correlated with two species traits. Responses of specialist species to landscape components were geographically more constant than those of generalists. The geographical variability of responses was higher for migrants than for sedentary species. There were no significant relationships for the diet trait. Species richness responded positively to the three landscape metrics in a similar way in the three regions. Main conclusions: The results underline the need to take into account the spatial differences between species responses to habitats according to their traits when modelling species-habitat relationships at large scales. From a conservation point of view, we suggest that conservation measures could be generalised at a large scale for specialist species which are declining in agricultural landscapes.
Published: 2017
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4. Changes in biodiversity and trade-offs among ecosystem services, stakeholders, and components of well-being: the contribution of the International Long-Term Ecological Research network (ILTER) to Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS)

Author: Kinga Krauze, Daniel E. Orenstein, Manuel Maass, Margarida Santos-Reis, Charles L. Redman, Masahiro Nakaoka, Jacques Baudry, Patrick S. Bourgeron, Patricia Balvanera, Miguel Equihua, Angheluta Vadineanu, Lubos Halada, Martin Forsius, Terry Parr, Anthony M. Swemmer, Jan Dick, Ricardo Rozzi, Maass, Manuel, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Inecol : Instituto de Ecologia A.C., SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences, European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, Institute of Biochemestry and Biophysics (PAS), Akkeshi Marine Station - Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Israel Institute of Technology, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University-Lancaster University, School of Sustainability, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conservation Program, University of North Texas (UNT), Institute of Ecology & Biodiversity - Omora Ethnobotanical Park, Universidad de Magallanes (UMAG), Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) - Faculdade de Ciências, University of Lisbon, South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), Research Centre for Systems Ecology and Sustainability, University of Bucharest, 308428 (OpenNESS), Chamela LTER derives from project SEP-CONACYT 179045, LTER Montado derives from projects FCT-LTER/BIABEC/ 0048/20 09 and OPERAs (FP7-Grand Agreement 308393). Data from Omora LTER derive from grants IEB-ICM P05-002 and IEB-CONICYT PFB-23, US NSF Coupled Natural Human Systems Program (DEB-1115068), Water Sustainability and Climate grant (USDA ANIF-2012/67003/19802) and the Niwot Ridge Long-Term Ecological Research Program (US NSF DEB 9810218), European Project: 283093, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), South African Environmental Observation Network [Pretoria] (SAEON), University of Bucharest (UniBuc), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Design management, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ILTER, QH301-705.5, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, socio-ecosystem research, Total human ecosystem, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Ecosystem services, 11. Sustainability, Ecosystem, PECS, trade-offs among ecosystem services, Biology (General), ecosystem integrity, ecosystem services, long-term ecological research, site-based research, transdiscipline, QH540-549.5, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Stakeholder, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Ecosystem management, Stewardship, business
Abstract: The International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network comprises > 600 scientific groups conducting site-based research within 40 countries. Its mission includes improving the understanding of global ecosystems and informs solutions to current and future environmental problems at the global scales. The ILTER network covers a wide range of social-ecological conditions and is aligned with the Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) goals and approach. Our aim is to examine and develop the conceptual basis for proposed collaboration between ILTER and PECS. We describe how a coordinated effort of several contrasting LTER site-based research groups contributes to the understanding of how policies and technologies drive either toward or away from the sustainable delivery of ecosystem services. This effort is based on three tenets: transdisciplinary research; cross-scale interactions and subsequent dynamics; and an ecological stewardship orientation. The overarching goal is to design management practices taking into account trade-offs between using and conserving ecosystems toward more sustainable solutions. To that end, we propose a conceptual approach linking ecosystem integrity, ecosystem services, and stakeholder well-being, and as a way to analyze trade-offs among ecosystem services inherent in diverse management options. We also outline our methodological approach that includes: (i) monitoring and synthesis activities following spatial and temporal trends and changes on each site and by documenting cross-scale interactions; (ii) developing analytical tools for integration; (iii) promoting trans-site comparison; and (iv) developing conceptual tools to design adequate policies and management interventions to deal with trade-offs. Finally, we highlight the heterogeneity in the social-ecological setting encountered in a subset of 15 ILTER sites. These study cases are diverse enough to provide a broad cross-section of contrasting ecosystems with different policy and management drivers of ecosystem conversion; distinct trends of biodiversity change; different stakeholders' preferences for ecosystem services; and diverse components of well-being issues.
Published: 2016
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5. Climate influences the response of community functional traits to local conditions in bromeliad invertebrate communities

Author: Fabiola Ospina Bautista, Laura Melissa Guzman, Benjamin Gilbert, Valério D. Pillar, Régis Céréghino, Ignacio M. Barberis, Bruno Corbara, Céline Leroy, Paula M. de Omena, Michael J. Richardson, Nicholas A. C. Marino, Vanderlei J. Debastiani, Merlijn Jocque, Barbara A. Richardson, Olivier Dézerald, Gustavo Q. Romero, M. Kurtis Trzcinski, Vinicius F. Farjalla, Ana Z. Gonįalves, Guillermo Montero, A. Andrew M. MacDonald, Gustavo C. O. Piccoli, Diane S. Srivastava, Pavel Kratina, Univ. of British Columbia, Simon Fraser Univ., Científicas y Técnicas, Univ. Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, Centre for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB-FRB), Univ. of Toronto, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Univ. of Campinas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Auvergne, IRD, ECOFOG, Univ. de los Andes, Univ. de Caldas, Queen Mary Univ. of London, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Univ. of Puerto Rico, Agrocampus Oues, Royal Belgian Inst. of Natural Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Universidad Nacional de Rosario [Santa Fe], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Toronto, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto de Informática da UFRGS (UFRGS), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras Campus (UPR-RP), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology (disciplines), climatic variation, macroinvertebrates, Local conditions, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Climate variation, functional traits, Precipitation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Organism, Invertebrate, Climatic variation, Macroinvertebrates, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, Bromeliads, local conditions, Community composition, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Trait, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, bromeliads, Functional traits
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-01 Functional traits determine an organism's performance in a given environment and as such determine which organisms will be found where. Species respond to local conditions, but also to larger scale gradients, such as climate. Trait ecology links these responses of species to community composition and species distributions. Yet, we often do not know which environmental gradients are most important in determining community trait composition at either local or biogeographical scales, or their interaction. Here we quantify the relative contribution of local and climatic conditions to the structure and composition of functional traits found within bromeliad invertebrate communities. We conclude that climate explains more variation in invertebrate trait composition within bromeliads than does local conditions. Importantly, climate mediated the response of traits to local conditions; for example, invertebrates with benthic life-history traits increased with bromeliad water volume only under certain precipitation regimes. Our ability to detect this and other patterns hinged on the compilation of multiple fine-grained datasets, allowing us to contrast the effect of climate versus local conditions. We suggest that, in addition to sampling communities at local scales, we need to aggregate studies that span large ranges in climate variation in order to fully understand trait filtering at local, regional and global scales. Dept of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre Univ. of British Columbia Dept of Biology Simon Fraser Univ. Dept of Forest and Conservation Sciences Univ. of British Columbia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Inst. de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario Univ. Nacional de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement Univ. de Toulouse CNRS Univ. Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier Centre for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB-FRB) Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Univ. of Toronto Dept of Ecology and Graduate Program in Ecology Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity Dept of Animal Biology Inst. of Biology Univ. of Campinas Inst. of Biological Sciences Univ. Federal do Pará Laboratoire Microorganismes Génome et Environnement Univ. Clermont Auvergne AMAP Univ. Montpellier CIRAD CNRS INRA IRD ECOFOG Campus Agronomique Depto de Ciencias Biológicas Univ. de los Andes Depto de Ciencias Biológicas Univ. de Caldas School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary Univ. of London Dept of Botany Biosciences Inst. Univ. of São Paulo Depto de Ecologia Inst. de Biologia Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro Luquillo LTER Inst. for Tropical Ecosystem Studies Univ. of Puerto Rico UMR ESE Ecology and Ecosystem Health INRA Agrocampus Oues Dept of Zoology and Botany Univ. of São Paulo State Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology Royal Belgian Inst. of Natural Sciences
Published: 2020
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6. Remote sensing of american maple in alluvial forests: a case study in an island complex of the Loire valley (France)

Author: Marc Villar, M. de Boisvilliers, J.-M. Monnet, Hilaire Martin, Richard Chevalier, Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), AVION JAUNE MONTFERRIER SUR LEZ FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office National des Forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and This study is part of the BioMareau project, funded within the framework of the Loire River Interregional Program 2014-2020. Funding institutions are the Centre-Val de Loire Region (no. 2016-00108348), INRA, IRSTEA and the European Union (Europe being engaged in the Loire basin through the EU operational program of the European Regional Development Fund, no. 2016-EX000604). The BioMareau project has been approved by the CNRS Loire LTER 'Zone Atelier Loire' and the regional MIDI (Habitat and Diversity) research network
Subjects: 0211 other engineering and technologies, Biodiversity, airborne laser scanning, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Black poplar, remote sensing, Riparian forest, black poplar, Ecosystem, lcsh:Forestry, box elder, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Maple, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, american maple, exogenous woody species, Remote sensing (archaeology), loire river, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, lcsh:SD1-669.5, Alluvium, acer negundo, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Vegetation Index, populus nigra
Abstract: International audience; Due to their particular topographic position between land and river, riparian forests are ecosystems rich in biodiversity. In France, along the Middle Loire (from Nevers to Angers), Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) forests are often in mixtures with the American maple (Acer negundo L.), introduced into the country in the 18th century. We tested the detectability of American maple by LiDAR and very high-resolution multispectral imagery on an island complex. We found that coupling the point cloud height standard deviation with a vegetation index in the red, green and blue spectrums discriminated American maple with a success rate of more than 90%.
Published: 2020
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7. Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Author: Phillips, Helen R. P., Bach, Elizabeth M., Bartz, Marie L. C., Bennett, Joanne M., Beugnon, Rémy, Briones, Maria J. I., Brown, George G., Ferlian, Olga, Gongalsky, Konstantin B., Guerra, Carlos A., König-Ries, Birgitta, Krebs, Julia J., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Ramirez, Kelly S., Russell, David J., Schwarz, Benjamin, Wall, Diana H., Brose, Ulrich, Decaëns, Thibaud, Lavelle, Patrick, Loreau, Michel, Mathieu, Jérôme, Mulder, Christian, van der Putten, Wim H., Rillig, Matthias C., Thakur, Madhav P., de Vries, Franciska T., Wardle, David A., Ammer, Christian, Ammer, Sabine, Arai, Miwa, Ayuke, Fredrick O., Baker, Geoff H., Baretta, Dilmar, Barkusky, Dietmar, Beauséjour, Robin, Bedano, Jose C., Birkhofer, Klaus, Blanchart, Eric, Blossey, Bernd, Bolger, Thomas, Bradley, Robert L., Brossard, Michel, Burtis, James C., Capowiez, Yvan, Cavagnaro, Timothy R., Choi, Amy, Clause, Julia, Cluzeau, Daniel, Coors, Anja, Crotty, Felicity V., Crumsey, Jasmine M., Dávalos, Andrea, Cosín, Darío J. Díaz, Dobson, Annise M., Domínguez, Anahí, Duhour, Andrés Esteban, van Eekeren, Nick, Emmerling, Christoph, Falco, Liliana B., Fernández, Rosa, Fonte, Steven J., Fragoso, Carlos, Franco, André L. C., Fusilero, Abegail, Geraskina, Anna P., Gholami, Shaieste, González, Grizelle, Gundale, Michael J., López, Mónica Gutiérrez, Hackenberger, Branimir K., Hackenberger, Davorka K., Hernández, Luis M., Hirth, Jeff R., Hishi, Takuo, Holdsworth, Andrew R., Holmstrup, Martin, Hopfensperger, Kristine N., Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta, Huhta, Veikko, Hurisso, Tunsisa T., Iannone III, Basil V., Iordache, Madalina, Irmler, Ulrich, Ivask, Mari, Jesús, Juan B., Johnson-Maynard, Jodi L., Joschko, Monika, Kaneko, Nobuhiro, Kanianska, Radoslava, Keith, Aidan M., Kernecker, Maria L., Koné, Armand W., Kooch, Yahya, Kukkonen, Sanna T., Lalthanzara, H., Lammel, Daniel R., Lebedev, Iurii M., Le Cadre, Edith, Lincoln, Noa K., López-Hernández, Danilo, Loss, Scott R., Marichal, Raphael, Matula, Radim, Minamiya, Yukio, Moos, Jan Hendrik, Moreno, Gerardo, Morón-Ríos, Alejandro, Motohiro, Hasegawa, Muys, Bart, Neirynck, Johan, Norgrove, Lindsey, Novo, Marta, Nuutinen, Visa, Nuzzo, Victoria, Mujeeb Rahman, P., Pansu, Johan, Paudel, Shishir, Pérès, Guénola, Pérez-Camacho, Lorenzo, Ponge, Jean-François, Prietzel, Jörg, Rapoport, Irina B., Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Rebollo, Salvador, Rodríguez, Miguel Á., Roth, Alexander M., Rousseau, Guillaume X., Rozen, Anna, Sayad, Ehsan, van Schaik, Loes, Scharenbroch, Bryant, Schirrmann, Michael, Schmidt, Olaf, Schröder, Boris, Seeber, Julia, Shashkov, Maxim P., Singh, Jaswinder, Smith, Sandy M., Steinwandter, Michael, Szlavecz, Katalin, Talavera, José Antonio, Trigo, Dolores, Tsukamoto, Jiro, Uribe-López, Sheila, de Valença, Anne W., Virto, Iñigo, Wackett, Adrian A., Warren, Matthew W., Webster, Emily R., Wehr, Nathaniel H., Whalen, Joann K., Wironen, Michael B., Wolters, Volkmar, Wu, Pengfei, Zenkova, Irina V., Zhang, Weixin, Cameron, Erin K., Eisenhauer, Nico, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig University, Saint Mary's University [Halifax], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Canberra, Universidade de Vigo, Embrapa Forestry, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Catania [Italy], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), University of Nairobi (UoN), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Cornell University [New York], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Adelaide, University of Toronto, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University, Royal Agricultural University (RAU), University of Georgia [USA], State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution [Madrid], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Yale University [New Haven], Universidad Nacional de Luján [Buenos Aires], Louis Bolk Institute (LBI), Trier University, Animal Biodiversity and Evolution, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences [Fort Collins], Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Department of Biological Science and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines - Mindanao, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering - Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity (RAS), Razi University of Kermanshah, USDA Forest Service, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Agriculture engineering, Agroecology Postgraduate Program, Maranhão State University, Agriculture Victoria (AgriBio), Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Department of Bioscience [Aarhus], Northern Kentucky University, Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, EI Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT)-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Soil Physics and Land Management Group, University of Jyväskylä (JYU), College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS|FFGS), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (USAMVBT), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Matej Bel University (UMB), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA), Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences [Tarbiat], Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology [Moscow] (Skoltech), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Tochigi Prefectural Museum, Thuenen-Institute of Biodiversity, Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, University of Extremadura, INDEHESA, Forestry School, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Doshisha University [Kyoto], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven-Heverlee], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Natural Area Consultants, Department of Zoology, PSMO College, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens (PHIPPS), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Geobotany, Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories, Russian Academy of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Groupp (GloCEE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, The Morton Arboretum, Department Engineering for Crop Production, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD School of Geography, UCD Earth Institute, University College, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Institute of Geoecology, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Institute for Alpine Environment, European Academy of Bozen-Bolzano (EURAC), Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, RAS, Institute of Mathematical Problems in Biology (IMPB RAS), Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Kochi University, Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Nanotechnology Engineering, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Méndez, Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Earth Innovation Institute, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Natural resource sciences, The Nature Conservancy, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Southwest Minzu University [Chengdu], Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems of the North of the Kola Science Center of RAS, Henan Agricultural University, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, H.R.P.P., B.K-R., and the sWorm workshops were supported by the sDiv [Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (DFG FZT 118)]. H.R.P.P., O.F. and N.E. acknowledge funding by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 677232 to NE). K.S.R. and W.H.v.d.P. were supported by ERC-ADV grant 323020 to W.H.v.d.P. Also supported by iDiv (DFG FZT118) Flexpool proposal 34600850 (C.A.G. and N.E.), the Academy of Finland (285882) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship and RGPIN-2019-05758) (E.K.C.), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01LO0901A) (D.J.R.), ERC-AdG 694368 (M.R.), the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41) (M.L), and the BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship to F.T.d.V. (BB/L02456X/1). In addition, data collection was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (12-04-01538-a, 12-04-01734-a, 14-44-03666-r_center_a, 15-29-02724-ofi_m, 16-04-01878-a 19-05-00245, 19-04-00-609-a), Tarbiat Modares University, Aurora Organic Dairy, UGC(NERO) (F. 1-6/Acctt./NERO/2007-08/1485), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (RGPIN-2017-05391), Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-0098-12), Science for Global Development through Wageningen University, Norman Borlaug LEAP Programme and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Sao Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (12/22510-8), Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, INIA - Spanish Agency (SUM 2006-00012-00-0), Royal Canadian Geographical Society, Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) (2005-S-LS-8), University of Hawai'i at Manoa (HAW01127H, HAW01123M), European Union FP7 (FunDivEurope, 265171, ROUTES 265156), U.S. Department of the Navy, Commander Pacific Fleet (W9126G-13-2-0047), Science and Engineering Research Board (SB/SO/AS-030/2013) Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense (RC-1542), Maranhao State Research Foundation (FAPEMA 03135/13, 02471/17), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES 3281/2013), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (LTT17033), Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, Zone Atelier Alpes, French National Research Agency (ANR-11-BSV7-0020, ANR-09-STRA-0002, ANR 06 BIODIV 0009), Austrian Science Fund (P16027, T441), Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank Frankfurt am Main, Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (Project Ref. A AAB 62 03 qA731606), SEPAQ, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, Science Foundation Ireland (EEB0061), University of Toronto (Faculty of Forestry), National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Haliburton Forest & Wildlife Reserve, NKU College of Arts & Sciences Grant, osterreichische Forschungsforderungsgesellschaft (837393 and 837426), Mountain Agriculture Research Unit of the University of Innsbruck, Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, UNEP/GEF/TSBF-CIAT Project on Conservation and Sustainable Management of Belowground Biodiversity, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, Complutense University of Madrid/European Union FP7 project BioBio (FPU UCM 613520), GRDC, AWI, LWRRDC, DRDC, CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council) and FONCyT (National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion) (PICT, PAE, PIP), Universidad Nacional de Lujan y FONCyT (PICT 2293 (2006)), Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Quebec (131894), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SCHR1000/3-1, SCHR1000/6-1, 6-2 (FOR 1598), WO 670/7-1, WO 670/7-2, & SCHA 1719/1-2), CONACYT (FONDOS MIXTOS TABASCO/PROYECTO11316), NSF (DGE-0549245, DGE-0549245, DEB-BE-0909452, NSF1241932, LTER Program DEB-97-14835), Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Dean's Scholar Program at UIC, Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship in Urban Forestry from the Casey Tree Endowment Fund, J.E. Weaver Competitive Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Depaul University, Elmore Hadley Award for Research in Ecology and Evolution from the UIC Dept. of Biological Sciences, Spanish CICYT (AMB96-1161, REN2000-0783/GLO, REN2003-05553/GLO, REN2003-03989/GLO, CGL2007-60661/BOS), Yokohama National University, MEXT KAKENHI (25220104), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (25281053, 17KT0074, 25252026), ADEME (0775C0035), Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (CGL2017-86926-P), Syngenta Philippines, UPSTREAM, LTSER (Val Mazia/Matschertal), Marie Sklodowska Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (747607), National Science & Technology Base Resource Survey Project of China (2018FY100306), McKnight Foundation (14-168), Program of Fundamental Researches of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (AAAA-A18-118021490070-5), Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 310690/2017-0, 404191/2019-3, 307486/2013-3), French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, Bavarian Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forestry (Project No B62), INRA AIDY project, MIUR PRIN 2008, Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Estonian Science Foundation, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Canada, Russian Science Foundation (16-17-10284), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41371270), Australian Research Council (FT120100463), USDA Forest Service-IITF. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL., ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-11-BSV7-0020,METABAR,Metacode-barre ADN pour une nouvelle génération de suivi de la biodiversité(2011), ANR-09-STRA-0002,FORGECO,Du diagnostic à l'action: créer les conditions d'une gestion integrée et viable des écosystèmes forestiers sur les territoires(2009), ANR-06-BDIV-0009,AMAZ_BD,Biodiversité des paysages amazoniens. Déterminants socio-économiques et productio de biens et services écosystèmiques(2006), European Project: 677232,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,ECOWORM(2016), European Project: 323020,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120314,SPECIALS(2013), European Project: 265171,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,FUNDIVEUROPE(2010), European Project: 265156,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,ROUTES(2011), European Project: ERC-2015-AdG 694368, European Project: 227161,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2008-2B,BIOBIO(2009), Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Natural Resources & The Environment [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], Department of Entomology [CALS], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Kyushu University, Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. ISFOOD - Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Departamento de Ciencias, Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Zientziak Saila, Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Universidade Positivo, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Department of Soil Zoology, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture (RICA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), UCD School of Biology & Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aberystwyth University, Odum School of Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Yale School Forestry & Environment Studies, Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable -INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Tarbiat Modaras University, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Oklahoma State University [Stillwater], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Animal Biology (Zoology area), Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, University of California, Justus-Liebig-University [Gießen, Germany], University of Helsinki, HELEN R. P. PHILLIPS, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, ERIN K. CAMERON, Saint Mary’s University, NICO EISENHAUER, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig University., Wageningen University, JOSÉ ANTONIO TALAVERA, University of La Laguna, DOLORES TRIGO, University Complutense of Madrid, JIRO TSUKAMOTO, Kochi University, SHEILA URIBE-LÓPEZ, Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, ANNE W. DE VALENÇA, Unit Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, IÑIGO VIRTO, Universidad Pública de Navarra, ADRIAN A. WACKETT, University of Minnesota, MATTHEW W. WARREN, Earth Innovation Institute, WEIXIN ZHANG, Henan University, DANIEL CLUZEAU, Université de Rennes, ANJA COORS, ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, FELICITY V. CROTTY, Aberystwyth Universtiy, Royal Agricultural University, JASMINE M. CRUMSEY, University of Georgia, Saint Marys University, ELIZABETH M. BACH, Colorado State University, MARIE L. C. BARTZ, Universidade Positivo, University of Coimbra, JOANNE M. BENNETT, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, RÉMY BEUGNON, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, MARIA J. I. BRIONES, Universidad de Vigo, GEORGE GARDNER BROWN, CNPF, OLGA FERLIAN, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, KONSTANTIN B. GONGALSKY, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, CARLOS A. GUERRA, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, BIRGITTA KÖNIG-RIES, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Friedrich Schiller University, JULIA J. KREBS, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, ALBERTO ORGIAZZI, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, KELLY S. RAMIREZ, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, DAVID J. RUSSELL, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, BENJAMIN SCHWARZ, University of Freiburg, DIANA H. WALL, Colorado State University, ULRICH BROSE, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, THIBAUD DECAËNS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, PATRICK LAVELLE, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement, MICHEL LOREAU, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, JÉRÔME MATHIEU, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, CHRISTIAN MULDER, University of Catania, WIM H. VAN DER PUTTEN, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, MATTHIAS C. RILLIG, Freie Universität Berlin, MADHAV P. THAKUR, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, FRANCISKA T. DE VRIES, University of Amsterdam, DAVID A. WARDLE, Nanyang Technological University, CHRISTIAN AMMER, University of Göttingen, SABINE AMMER, University of Göttingen, MIWA ARAI, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, FREDRICK O. AYUKE, University of Nairobi, Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture, GEOFF H. BAKER, Health & Biosecurity, DILMAR BARETTA, Santa Catarina State University, DIETMAR BARKUSKY, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, ROBIN BEAUSÉJOUR, Université de Sherbrooke, JOSE C. BEDANO, National University of Rio Cuarto, KLAUS BIRKHOFER, Brandenburg University of Technology, ERIC BLANCHART, Institut Agro, BERND BLOSSEY, Cornell University, THOMAS BOLGER, University College Dublin, ROBERT L. BRADLEY, Université de Sherbrooke, MICHEL BROSSARD, Institut Agro, JAMES C. BURTIS, Cornell University, YVAN CAPOWIEZ, Site Agroparc, TIMOTHY R. CAVAGNARO, The University of Adelaide, AMY CHOI, University of Toronto, JULIA CLAUSE, Université de Poitiers, ANDREA DÁVALOS, SUNY Cortland, DARÍO J. DÍAZ COSÍN, University Complutense of Madrid, ANNISE M. DOBSON, Yale University, ANAHÍ DOMÍNGUEZ, National University of Rio Cuarto, ANDRÉS ESTEBAN DUHOUR, Universidad Nacional de Luján, NICK VAN EEKEREN, Louis Bolk Institute, CHRISTOPH EMMERLING, University of Trier, LILIANA B. FALCO, Universidad Nacional de Luján, ROSA FERNÁNDEZ, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, STEVEN J. FONTE, Colorado State University, CARLOS FRAGOSO, Institute of Ecology A.C., ANDRÉ L. C. FRANCO, Colorado State University, ABEGAIL FUSILERO, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Ghent University, ANNA P. GERASKINA, Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity RAS, SHAIESTE GHOLAMI, Razi University, GRIZELLE GONZÁLEZ, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, MICHAEL J. GUNDALE, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, MÓNICA GUTIÉRREZ LÓPEZ, University Complutense of Madrid, BRANIMIR K. HACKENBERGER, University of Osijek, DAVORKA K. HACKENBERGER, University of Osijek, LUIS M. HERNÁNDEZ, Maranhão State University, JEFF R. HIRTH, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Agriculture Victoria, TAKUO HISHI, Kyushu University, ANDREW R. HOLDSWORTH, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, MARTIN HOLMSTRUP, Aarhus University, KRISTINE N. HOPFENSPERGER, Northern Kentucky University, ESPERANZA HUERTA LWANGA, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Wageningen University & Research, VEIKKO HUHTA, University of Jyväskylä, TUNSISA T. HURISSO, Colorado State University, Lincoln University of Missouri, BASIL V. IANNONE III, University of Florida, MADALINA IORDACHE, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat 'King Michael the 1st of Romania', ULRICH IRMLER, University of Kiel, MARI IVASK, Tallinn University of Technology, JUAN B. JESÚS, University Complutense of Madrid, JODI L. JOHNSON-MAYNARD, University of Idaho, MONIKA JOSCHKO, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, NOBUHIRO KANEKO, Fukushima University, RADOSLAVA KANIANSKA, Matej Bel University, AIDAN M. KEITH, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, MARIA L. KERNECKER, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, ARMAND W. KONÉ, Université Nangui Abrogoua, YAHYA KOOCH, Tarbiat Modares University, SANNA T. KUKKONEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland, H. LALTHANZARA, Pachhunga University College, DANIEL R. LAMMEL, Freie Universität Berlin, IURII M. LEBEDEV, Russian Academy of Sciences, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, EDITH LE CADRE, Institut Agro, NOA K. LINCOLN, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, DANILO LÓPEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, Universidad Central de Venezuela, SCOTT R. LOSS, Oklahoma State University, RAPHAEL MARICHAL, Univ Montpellier, RADIM MATULA, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, YUKIO MINAMIYA, Tochigi Prefectural Museum, JAN HENDRIK MOOS, Thuenen-Institute of Biodiversity, GERARDO MORENO, University of Extremadura, ALEJANDRO MORÓN-RÍOS, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, HASEGAWA MOTOHIRO, Doshisha University, BART MUYS, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, JOHAN NEIRYNCK, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, LINDSEY NORGROVE, Bern University of Applied Sciences, MARTA NOVO, University Complutense of Madrid, VISA NUUTINEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland, VICTORIA NUZZO, Natural Area Consultants, P. MUJEEB RAHMAN, PSMO College, JOHAN PANSU, CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, Sorbonne Université, SHISHIR PAUDEL, Oklahoma State University, Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, GUÉNOLA PÉRÈS, CNRS-Université de Rennes, Institut Agro, LORENZO PÉREZ CAMACHO, University of Alcalá, JEAN-FRANÇOIS PONGE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, JÖRG PRIETZEL, Technical University of Munich, IRINA B. RAPOPORT, Russian Academy of Sciences, MUHAMMAD IMTIAZ RASHID, King Abdulaziz University, SALVADOR REBOLLO, University of Alcalá, MIGUEL Á. RODRÍGUEZ, University of Alcalá, ALEXANDER M. ROTH, University of Minnesot, Friends of the Mississippi River, GUILLAUME X. ROUSSEAU, Maranhão State University, Federal University of Maranhão, ANNA ROZEN, University of Wisconsin, EHSAN SAYAD, Razi University, LOES VAN SCHAIK, Wageningen University & Research, BRYANT SCHARENBROCH, University of Wisconsin, MICHAEL SCHIRRMANN, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, OLAF SCHMIDT, University College Dublin, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, BORIS SCHRÖDER, Technische Universität Braunschweig, JULIA SEEBER, University of Innsbruck, MAXIM P. SHASHKOV, Russian Academy of Sciences, JASWINDER SINGH, Khalsa College Amritsar, SANDY M. SMITH, University of Toronto, MICHAEL STEINWANDTER, Institute for Alpine Environment, KATALIN SZLAVECZ, Johns Hopkins University, EMILY R. WEBSTER, University of California, NATHANIEL H. WEHR, University of Hawaii, JOANN K. WHALEN, Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, MICHAEL B. WIRONEN, The Nature Conservancy, VOLKMAR WOLTERS, Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, PENGFEI WU, Southwest Minzu University, IRINA V. ZENKOVA, Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), and Technical University of Munich (TUM)
Subjects: Data Descriptor, Distribuição Geográfica, Plan_S-Compliant-OA, Soil, Biomass, biodiversity, Diversity, Ecology, Biodiversidade, Biodiversity, eliöyhteisöt, maaperäeliöstö, PE&RC, Computer Science Applications, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Biogeography, international, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Ecosystem engineers, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, lierot, Science, Invertebrados, Library and Information Sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Ecology and Environment, Education, eliömaantiede, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Minhoca, Serviço ambiental, BIODIVERSITY CHANGE, Life Science, Ecosystem services, Earthworms, Datasets, Animals, Spatial distribution, Community ecology, Oligochaeta, Laboratorium voor Nematologie, Ecosystem, 1172 Environmental sciences, biogeography, Science & Technology, LAND-USE, Biology and Life Sciences, PLATFORM, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, Ecología, Ecossistema, biodiversiteetti, Soil Physics and Land Management, Solo, Biologia do Solo, maaperäeläimistö, 570 Life sciences, biology, eartworm, abundance, biomass, diversity, Laboratory of Nematology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COMMUNITIES, community ecology
Abstract: Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change., Measurement(s) earthworm communities • Abundance • organic material • Diversity • environmental properties Technology Type(s) digital curation Factor Type(s) location Sample Characteristic - Organism Lumbricina Sample Characteristic - Environment soil Sample Characteristic - Location global Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13399118
Published: 2021
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8. Do human infrastructures shape nest distribution in the landscape depending on individual personality in a farmland bird of prey?

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Juliette Rabdeau, Isabelle Badenhausser, Karine Monceau, François Mougeot, Beatriz Arroyo, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTER 'Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre', Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France), and Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Farms, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nesting Behavior, human disturbance, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, Nest, Personality, Animals, Humans, education, boldness, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Reproductive success, biology, spatial distribution, Raptors, Ecology, Boldness, Bird of prey, nest site selection, Harrier, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Circus pygargus, Geography, reproductive success, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Paternal care
Abstract: Individuals' distribution across habitats may depend on their personality. Human activities and infrastructures are critical elements of the landscape that may impact the habitat selection process. However, depending on their personality, individuals may respond differently to these unnatural elements. In the present study, we first investigated whether some human infrastructures (buildings, roads and paths) shaped Montagu's harrier nest spatial distribution in the landscape according to female personality (boldness). Second, we tested if the reproductive success of females depended on their boldness and nest location regarding infrastructures. Using a long-term (19 years) dataset, we calculated, for each infrastructure type, the distance from each nest to the nearest infrastructure and the infrastructure density around the nest. We tested the effects of female boldness (bold vs. shy) and its interaction with egg-laying date on these six metrics. Nest location in the landscape depended on female personality and on some human infrastructures: the building density was smaller around nests from shy females than from bold ones. Nest distribution related to other infrastructure metrics did not depend on female boldness. The pattern related to building density is consistent with some habitat choice hypotheses, which are discussed. Path density around nests negatively affected reproductive success regardless of female boldness, and late breeders nested further away from paths than early breeders. Human activities on paths (more common later in the season) could lead to disturbance and a decrease in parental care, reducing reproductive success. Increasing human presence in farmlands implies a need to better understand its impact on population composition, in terms of personality. Our results suggest that individual behavioural differences should be taken into account in studies assessing the effects of human disturbance on animal populations, to propose more appropriate conservation measures., This work was supported by La Rochelle Université, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement. We thank Catherine Menard (Direction régionale de l'Environnement, de l'Aménagement et du Logement de Nouvelle Aquitaine) and Fondation LISEA for partial funding and administrative support.
Published: 2020
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9. Chemical fertility of forest ecosystems. Part 2: Towards redefining the concept by untangling the role of the different components of biogeochemical cycling

Author: Jean-Paul Laclau, Laurent Saint-André, Louis Mareschal, Arnaud Legout, Claude Nys, Karna Hansson, Manuel Nicolas, Gregory van der Heijden, Jacques Ranger, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Office National des Forêts (ONF), GIP ECOFOR, the FEDER, the Office National des Forêts, AnaEE-France, LTER-ZAM (Zone Atelier Moselle), and ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, F40 - Écologie végétale, Weathering, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Cycle biogéochimique, Nutrient, Nutritional functioning, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Fertilité du sol, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Forest ecology, QD, Ecosystem, Transport des substances nutritives, Propriété physicochimique du sol, SD, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, Geochemical cycling, GE, Ecology, P35 - Fertilité du sol, Forestry, Biological cycling, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Chemical fertility, Forêt, Soil water, Écosystème forestier, Environmental science, Cycling, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Many forest ecosystems are developed on acidic and nutrient-poor soils and it is not yet clearly understood how forests sustain their growth with low nutrient resources. In forestry, the soil chemical fertility is commonly defined, following concepts inherited from agronomy, as the pool of plant-available nutrients in the soil at a given time compared to the nutritional requirement of the tree species. In this two-part study, Part 1 (Hansson et al., 2020) showed, through the compiled dataset of 49 forest ecosystems in France, Brazil and Republic of Congo, the limits of this definition of soil chemical fertility in forest ecosystem contexts. In this study (Part 2), we investigated the nutrient pools and fluxes between the different ecosystem compartments at 11 of the 49 sites in order to better characterize the role of the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in the chemical fertility of forest ecosystems, and in particular the roles of the biological and geochemical components of biogeochemical cycling.\ud \ud The analysis of our dataset shows different types of biogeochemical functioning. When the geochemical component (inputs through mineral weathering and/or atmospheric inputs, capillary rise) is predominant, sufficient nutrients are provided to the plant-soil system to ensure tree nutrition and growth. Conversely, when the geochemical component of the cycle brings too few nutrients to the plant-soil system, the biological component (litterfall, plant internal cycling) becomes predominant in tree nutrition and growth. In the latter case, forest production may be high even when pools of nutrients in the soil reservoir are low because small but active nutrient fluxes may continuously replenish the soil reservoir or may directly ensure tree nutrition by bypassing the soil reservoir.\ud \ud This study highlights the necessity to include biogeochemical cycling and recycling fluxes in the definition and diagnosis methods of soil chemical fertility in forest ecosystems. We show that the chemical fertility is not only supported by the soil in forest ecosystem but by the sum of all the ecosystem’s compartments and fluxes between these pools.
Published: 2020
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10. Trait‐matching and mass effect determine the functional response of herbivore communities to land‐use intensification

Author: Gaëtane Le Provost, Marilyn Roncoroni, Nicolas Gross, Hélène Deraison, Isabelle Badenhausser, Luca Börger, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA-CEBC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ERA-Net BiodivERsA, ANR-11-EBID-0004, ECODEAL, European Project: 609398,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND,AGREENSKILLSPLUS(2014), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Metacommunity, metacommunity, functional trait diversity, Biodiversity, Context (language use), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, land-use intensification, Grassland, Grasshopper, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, Herbivore, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, plant–insect interactions, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, incisor strength, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, grassland, body size, grasshoppers, resource-acquisition traits
Abstract: Summary 1.Trait-based approaches represent a promising way to understand how trophic interactions shape animal communities. The approach relies on the identification of the traits that mediate the linkages between adjacent trophic levels, i.e. “trait-matching”. Yet, how trait-matching explains the abundance and diversity of animal communities has been barely explored. This question may be particularly critical in the context of land use intensification, currently threatening biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. 2.We collected a large dataset on plant and grasshopper traits from communities living in 204 grasslands, in an intensively managed agricultural landscape. We used a multi-trait approach to quantify the relative contributions of trait-matching and land use intensification acting at both local and landscape scales on grasshopper functional diversity. We considered two key independent functional traits: incisor strength and body size of grasshopper species. Incisor strength, a resource-acquisition trait, strongly matches grasshopper feeding niche. Body size correlates with mobility traits, and may determine grasshopper dispersal abilities. 3.Plant functional diversity positively impacted the diversity of grasshopper resource-acquisition traits, according to the degree of trait-matching observed between plants and herbivores. However, this positive effect was significantly higher in old grasslands. In addition, the presence of specific habitats in the landscape (i.e. wood and alfalfa) strongly enhanced grasshopper resource-acquisition trait diversity in the focal grassland. Finally, grasshopper body size increased with landscape simplification, although the response was modulated by local factors such as soil depth. 4.Trait-matching between plants and herbivores was an important driver explaining the abundance and diversity of resource-acquisition traits within grasshopper communities. However, the presence of specific habitats in the surrounding landscape had also a strong influence on herbivore functional diversity in grasslands. Our study suggests that also mass effects are a central mechanism promoting higher functional diversity within animal communities in highly disturbed anthropogenic systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017
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11. Does the management of woody edges in urban parks match aesthetic and ecological user perception?

Author: Françoise Burel, Emmanuelle Hellier, Benjamin Bergerot, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), PEPS ‘Paysage’ 2016, CNRS-INEE grant, LTER Zone Atelier Armorique, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Ecology (disciplines), ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Biodiversity, 02 engineering and technology, park management, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, Perception, scenic diversity, Ecosystem diversity, media_common, eye-tracking, Ecology, ved/biology, User perception, 021107 urban & regional planning, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Urban Studies, Park management, Geography
Abstract: In recent times, the focus in urban park management has shifted from mere aesthetics to the difficult task of striking a balance between ecology and the aesthetic outlay of those parks. Park managers design the spatial arrangement, the structure and the ecological diversity of vegetation to mimic natural ecosystems. However, the ecological benefit is often associated with a decrease in the aesthetic value for users. To better understand this trade-off, we eye-tracked 196 users in Rennes (France) to test if ‘ecological’ management of woody edges was in accordance with their aesthetic preferences and ecological perception. We identified which were the visual areas of interest for users in four types of managed woody edges and analysed which were considered as the most aesthetic and the most ecologically valuable. Finally, we analysed if both aesthetic user preferences and ‘ecological’ management of woody edges were compatible. Based on a classification of increasing management complexity of woody edges, we showed that users’ aesthetic preferences were mainly focused on tree and shrub layers, while users identified the herb and shrub layers as the most favourable area for maintaining biodiversity. Thus, the more complex the edge, the more the relationship between aesthetic preferences and ecological management is for park management. More precisely, in complex woody edge structures, some vegetation layers such as shrub could represent a specific lever to fulfil both aesthetic and ecological purposes.
Published: 2020
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12. Organic farming positively affects honeybee colonies in a flower‐poor period in agricultural landscapes

Author: Joël Chadœuf, Vincent Bretagnolle, Jean-François Odoux, Dimitry Wintermantel, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UE Entomologie (INRA), Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des fruits et légumes (GALF), LTER 'Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre', Abeilles, Paysages, Interactions et Systèmes de culture (APIS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Article issu d'une thèse en cofinancement Inra/Région Poitou-Charentes, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Apiary, honey production, rapeseed, Biology, honeybee, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Pollinator, organic farming, Cover crop, 2. Zero hunger, spatial scale, Ecology, business.industry, Intensive farming, Agroforestry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, worker brood, 15. Life on land, floral resources, Brood, Agriculture, Melliferous flower, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Organic farming, agricultural intensification, business
Abstract: International audience; 1. Conventional farming has been implicated in global biodiversity and pollinatordeclines and organic farming is often regarded as a more ecological alternative.However, the effects of organic farming on honeybees remain elusive, despitehoneybees’ importance as pollinators of crops and wild plants.2. Using 6 years of data from a large‐scale study with fortnightly measurements ofhoneybee colony performance traits (10 apiaries per year distributed across a435 km2‐large research site in France), we related worker brood area, number ofadult bees and honey reserves to the proportions of organic farmland in the surroundingsof the hives at two spatial scales (300 m and 1,500 m).3. We found evidence that, at the local scale, organic farming increased both workerbrood production and number of adult bees in the period of flower scarcity betweenthe blooms of oilseed rape and sunflower (hereafter ‘dearth period’). Atthe landscape scale, organic farming increased honey reserves during the dearthperiod and at the beginning of the sunflower bloom.4. The results suggest that worker brood development benefitted from organic farmingmostly through a more diverse diet due to an increase in the availability of diversepollen sources in close proximity of their hives. Reduced pesticide drift mayhave additionally improved bee survival. Honey reserves were possibly mostlyaffected by increased availability of melliferous flowers in foraging distance.5. Synthesis and applications. Organic farming increases honeybee colony performancein a period of resource scarcity, likely through a continuous supply of floral resourcesincluding weeds, cover crops and semi‐natural elements. We demonstratehow worker brood area increases in the critical dearth period (between the bloomsof oilseed rape and sunflower). This has previously been linked to winter colonysurvival, suggesting that organic farmland may mitigate repercussions of intensivefarming on colony vitality. We conclude that organic farming benefits a crucial croppollinator with potential positive implications for agriculture in the wider landscape
Published: 2019
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13. Integrating Local Ecological Knowledge for Waterbird Conservation: Insights From Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, Zimbabwe

Author: Hervé Fritz, Chloé Guerbois, Peter J. Mundy, Tawanda Tarakini, Jean Wencelius, CNRS HERD Program, Hwange LTER, Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative (LESC), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sociology of scientific knowledge, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Wetland, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Natural resource, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 010601 ecology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Weaving, Environmental planning, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: Weaving local and scientific knowledge systems is important to enhance understanding, practice, and ethics toward natural resources sustainable utilization. We focused on wetlands and waterbirds an...
Published: 2018
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14. Multi-scale and antagonist selection on life-history traits in parasitoids: a community ecology perspective

Author: Thiago Oliveira Andrade, Liliane Krespi, Philippe Louâpre, Cyrille Violle, Yannick Outreman, Joan van Baaren, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), LTER France Zone Atelier Armorique, European Research Council (ERC), ANR-09-STRA-0005,LANDSCAPHPID,Influence du paysage sur les pucerons ravageurs des cultures et le potentiel de contrôle biologique - Application à l'ingénierie écologique pour la gestion des ravageurs(2009), European Project: 639706,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CONSTRAINTS(2015), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, ecological drivers, trait-based community study, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, phenotypic evolution, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, guild, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Local adaptation, 2. Zero hunger, Phenotypic plasticity, Functional ecology, Community, insect parasitoids, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, Niche differentiation, 15. Life on land, 010602 entomology, Guild, Trait, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, external/internal filters
Abstract: Life-history traits within ecological communities can be influenced by regional environmental conditions (external filters) and community-wide density-dependent processes (internal filters). While traits in a regional context may converge to a narrow range of values because of environmental filtering, species belonging to a guild may present contrasting traits as a means of niche differentiation, allowing coexistence whilst exploiting the same resources. To disentangle the role of external and internal filters on phenotypic diversity within ecological communities, we examined the patterns of life-history trait variation within a guild of insect parasitoids during two successive years across three contrasted regions in relation to several ecological factors. By combining a mean-field approach and an analysis of phenotypic variance across organizational levels (from individual to guild), we showed that the patterns of life-history trait variation across regions are consistent with local adaptation or adaptive phenotypic plasticity while the patterns of phenotypic variation within regions suggested how coexistence modulates life-history traits expression through niche differentiation. Within a given region, phenotypic pattern of parasitoid life-history traits may also arise from bottom-up effects of trophic webs insect host species could also control parasitoid life-history traits in nature. Our results also showed that parasitoid life-history traits presented contrasting variation patterns according to the sampling year, suggesting temporal variations in evolutionary and ecological dynamics of parasitoid species. The application of such trait-based studies to insect parasitoids has the potential to provide further insight on how agricultural environments contribute to differential diversification among natural enemies guilds, highlighting the main role of agricultural landscape management for organisms'responses. A plain language summary is available for this article. © 2017 The Authors. Functional Ecology © 2017 British Ecological Society
Published: 2018
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15. Aridity and competition drive fire resistance trait covariation in mountain trees

Author: Thibaut Fréjaville, Albert Vilà-Cabrera, Christopher Carcaillet, Thomas Curt, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Stirling, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Biological and Environmental Sciences, Stirling, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, LTER Zone Atelier Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, mountain forests, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Intraspecific competition, trait covariation, intraspecific, Bark (sound), surface fire, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, interspecific, Ecology, Fire regime, bark thickness, Crown (botany), Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, Arid, crown basal height, height–diameter, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Fire resistance traits drive tree species composition in surface‐fire ecosystems, but how they covary at different scales of variation and with the environment is not well documented. We assessed the covariation of bark thickness (BT), tree height, and crown base‐to‐height ratio across Alpine forests, after accounting for the effects of tree diameter and competition for light on individual trait variation. Traits consistently correlated across individuals and communities, although the variance of BT mainly occurred among species, whereas crown elevation traits varied mainly within species. Aridity, temperature, and competition contributed to explain the variation of fire resistance traits among and within species, driving a trade‐off between fire resistance and the ability to compete for light. Thick‐barked species (fire‐tolerant) that self‐prune their lower branches (flame‐avoiders) dominated the most fire‐prone and flammable communities in sub‐Mediterranean southern Alps, whereas thin‐barked tree species that grow tall (competition for light) dominated the least fire‐prone communities in the northern Alps. Our findings suggest a long‐term interaction between mountain tree species and fire regime. Higher allocation to trunk elongation occurs in moist and shade environments, while higher allocation to thicken the bark and distancing the crown base from surface fuels occurs in open‐canopy, dry forests where fire spreads with higher intensity.
Published: 2018
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16. From urban lawns to urban meadows Reduction of mowing frequency increases plant taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity

Author: Vincent Jung, Simon Chollet, Samson Tessier, Charlotte Brabant, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), This research was partly funded by the LTER 'Zone Atelier Armorique'. We thank the city of Rennes., Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, plant community, Biodiversity, greenspace, Animal communities, Biodiversity conservation, 01 natural sciences, Phylogenetic diversity, taxonomy, Intensive management, mowing, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, Intensive farming, Agroforestry, Ecological characteristics, Ille et Vilaine, Bretagne, phylogenetics, Geography, meadow, France, land use change, Plant communities, Conservation, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, Rennes, Ecosystems, experimental study, urban planning, functional change, Urban planning, Green spaces, Animalia, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Land use, urban ecosystem, Lawn, Plant community, 15. Life on land, conservation management, Urban Studies, farming system, Urban ecosystem, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Urban habitat
Abstract: International audience; In regions where intensive farming is the dominant land use, urban areas are an opportunity for biodiversity conservation. Thence there is an urgent need to promote more biodiversity-friendly cities. Lawns are widely distributed urban habitats which cover important surface in public and private places. However theses habitats are currently poor refuges for plant and animal communities due to their intensive management. This study assesses if a reduction in mowing frequency results in a more diverse plant community and changes functional ecological characteristics of urban lawns. We used a quasi-experimental situation resulting from 25 years differentiated management in public green spaces of Rennes (France) to evaluate the effect of reduced mowing frequency on plant taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. Our results clearly demonstrate that a reduction of mowing frequency induces a dramatic increase in the different components of plant community diversity that results in a switch from urban lawns to urban meadows. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Published: 2018
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17. Rapid responses of winter aphid-parasitoid communities to climate warming

Author: Kévin Tougeron, Jacques Brodeur, Maxime Damien, C. Le Lann, Joan van Baaren, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Montréal (UdeM), French Region Bretagne, Canada Research Chair in biological control award, FLEUR project, INRA, LTER France Zone Atelier Armorique, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montréal [Montréal], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIB - Biodiversity
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, biological control, Context (language use), Diapause, overwintering strategies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Parasitoid, Overwintering strategies, Relative species abundance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trophic level, Species diversity, 2. Zero hunger, Aphid, species diversity, biology, Competition, Phenology, Ecology, Community structure, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, diapause, 010602 entomology, 13. Climate action, Biological control, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, competition
Abstract: Consequences of environmental fluctuations, including those associated with climate changes, can have a knock-on effect from individual to community scale. In particular, changes in species seasonal phenology can modify the structure and composition of communities, with potential consequences on their functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. In mild climate areas, aphids can be present in cereal fields throughout the winter, which allows aphid parasitoids to remain active. Using a nine-year dataset of aphid-parasitoid winter trophic webs in cereal fields of Western France, we report that the community structure and composition that prevailed before 2011 have recently shifted toward a more diversified community, with the presence of two new braconid parasitoid species (Aphidius ervi and Aphidius avenae), a few hyperparasitoid species and one aphid species (Metopolophium dirhodum). Increases in minimal winter temperatures and the frequency of frost events across the years partially explain observed community changes. Strong bottom-up effects from the relative abundances of aphid species also determine the relative abundance of parasitoid species each winter. Strong compartmentalization in parasitoid preference for host is reported. We suggest the recent modifications in parasitoid community composition to be linked to shifts in diapause expression (reduction or arrest of the use of winter diapause) and to host availability throughout the year. We highlight the implications for natural biological control in cereal fields. Perspectives are proposed to predict the composition of future host-parasitoid communities in the climate change context.
Published: 2018
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18. Two decades of change in a field margin vegetation metacommunity as a result of field margin structure and management practice changes

Author: Audrey Alignier, SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), LTER Zone Atelier Armorique, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Metacommunity, Diversity, Ecology, Gamma diversity, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Beta diversity, Biodiversity, Species diversity, Vegetation, Conservation, 15. Life on land, Biotic homogenization, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Plant trait, Geography, Animal Science and Zoology, Alpha diversity, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Resurvey, Agronomy and Crop Science, Agroecology
Abstract: Field margins have considerable ecological significance in agricultural landscapes by providing habitat and resources for farmland biodiversity. Few attempts have been made to examine the long term dynamics of multiple vegetation communities in field margins, at the landscape scale. In addition, drivers and processes governing such long term vegetation dynamics are poorly investigated. The aim of the study was to assess whether the diversity and composition of a field margin metacommunity have changed over the last two decades as a result of changes in both structural condition and management of field margins. In total, 309 field margins in north-western France, first surveyed in 1994, were resurveyed in 2015 by using the same protocol. Total species richness (gamma diversity) was stable over time while mean species richness per field margin (alpha diversity) increased. No difference in species composition dissimilarity (beta diversity) was recorded indicating that no biotic homogenization had occurred between 1994 and 2015. Species composition has shifted over time, with a decline of hemicryptophytes and an increase of shade-tolerant species. No change in Ellenberg nitrogen value was observed. Analysis of drivers revealed a significant influence of changes in the structural condition of field margins, i.e. the development of the tree layer, on vegetation diversity. Dominant height of vegetation and tree cover were highest in 2015 compared with 1994. This has likely been driven by a decline in intensity of field margin management. Despite changes in alpha diversity, the field margin metacommunity had a stable Clementsian structure over time, suggesting grouped distribution of species along environmental gradients. This study provides a rare example of the long term vegetation change in field margins in relation with margin structure and management changes, using permanent plots and diachronic data. Results highlight the need to maintain a variety of differently structured and managed field margins to preserve high plant diversity. They underline the need to place conservation strategies in the context of regional-scale processes to ensure the long-term conservation of field margin metacommunities.
Published: 2018
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19. Fire ecology of a tree glacial refugium on a nunatak with a view on Alpine glaciers

Author: Olivier Blarquez, Christopher Carcaillet, PSL Research University (PSL), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), LTER Zone Atelier Alpes, LIA (Associated International Laboratory), LIA, Université de Québec à Montréal, Département de Géographie, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nunatak, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physiology, Climate change, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, paleoecology, food, Refugium (population biology), Glacial period, Fire ecology, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, tree biomass, Last Glacial Maximum, Pinus cembra, 15. Life on land, food.food, Geography, climate change, 13. Climate action, vegetation dynamics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, European Alps, glacial refugium, fire frequency
Abstract: International audience; . In paleoecology, the function of biomass as a fire driver has become a focus of attention in cold ecosystems, and concerns have been raised about climate in this context. Little is known about the fire frequency and fire–plant relationships during glaciation when woodlands were limited and the climate was cold.. Fire history and tree biomass were reconstructed from sedimentary charcoal and macrore- mains, respectively, archived in lake sediments from the western Alps. Two nunataks were investigated, both with lacustrine sediments covering the last 21 000 yr at least. . During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Lateglacial, fires occurred only on the nunatak sheltering woody plants. Cembra pine (Pinus cembra) and larch (Larix decidua) sur- vived above glaciers during the LGM, thus evidencing a biological refugium and supporting the nunatak theory.. We highlighted a long-term relationship between fires and dominant trees over the last 21000yr, where fire frequencies track the global climate and the local changes in tree biomass. Glacial climate (dry, cold) does not rule out fires. Fuel load and composition were sig- nificant fire drivers, with cembra pine dominating during colder periods with rare fires, and larch during the warmer Holocene with frequent fires. These findings increase knowledge of fire ecology in cold environments, and open perspectives in tree population genetics by con- sidering new areas of tree glacial refugia in Europe.
Published: 2017
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20. A circannual perspective on daily and total flight distances in a long-distance migratory raptor, the Montagu’s harrier, Circus pygargus

Author: Christiaan Both, Almut E. Schlaich, Raymond H. G. Klaassen, Henning Heldbjerg, Iben H. Sørensen, Willem Bouten, Vincent Bretagnolle, Alexandre Villers, Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen [Groningen]-Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Dutch Montagu’s Harrier Foundation, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danish Nature Agency (Vildtstribeprojektet) NST-304-00068, Both group, Theoretical and Computational Ecology (IBED, FNWI), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, total annual distance, Denmark, Zoology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, TRAVEL DISTANCE, TRACKING, bird of prey, Circus pygargus, Seasonal breeder, Animals, Falconiformes, Flight distance, Netherlands, MIGRANTS, ANNUAL CYCLE, Ecology, Bird of prey, Annual cycle, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), long-distance migration, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, WINTER, Animal Migration, Female, France, SCALES, Montagu's harrier, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, annual routine
Abstract: Long-distance migrants are particularly recognized for the distances covered on migration, yet little is known about the distances they cover during the rest of the year. GPS-tracks of 29 Montagu's harriers from breeding areas in France, The Netherlands and Denmark showed that harriers fly between 35 653 and 88 049 km yr −1 , of which on average only 28.5% is on migration. Mean daily distances during migration were 296 km d −1 in autumn and 252 km d −1 in spring. Surprisingly, males' daily distances during breeding (217 km d −1 ) were close to those during migration, whereas breeding females moved significantly less (101 km d −1 ) than males. In terms of flight distance, the breeding season seemed nearly as demanding as migration periods for males. During the six winter months, both sexes moved less (114 and 128 km d −1 for females and males, respectively) than during migration. Harriers therefore covered shorter daily distances during winter which might allow birds to compensate for the more demanding phases of migration and breeding.
Published: 2017
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21. Individual variation in behavioural responsiveness to humans leads to differences in breeding success and long-term population phenotypic changes

Author: Beatriz Arroyo, François Mougeot, Vincent Bretagnolle, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), LTER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura (España), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Phenotypic change, Plasticity, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Long-term studies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nesting Behavior, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk-Taking, Nest, Fitness, medicine, Boldness, Animals, Shyness, education, boldness, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Falconiformes, media_common, education.field_of_study, long-term studies, biology, Behavior, Animal, Directional selection, Ecology, Aggression, Reproduction, Harrier, Montagu′s harrier, Montagu's harrier, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Variation (linguistics), Disturbance (ecology), personality, ﬁtness, plasticity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, France, medicine.symptom, phenotypic change, Personality
Abstract: Whether human disturbance can lead to directional selection and phenotypic change in behaviour in species with limited behavioural plasticity is poorly understood in wild animal populations. Using a 19-year study on Montagu′s harrier, we report a long-term increase in boldness towards humans during nest visits. The probability of females fleeing or being passive during nest visits decreased, while defence intensity steadily increased over the study period. These behavioural responses towards humans were significantly repeatable. The phenotypic composition of the breeding population changed throughout the study period (4–5 harrier generations), with a gradual disappearance of shy individuals, leading to a greater proportion of bolder ones and a more behaviourally homogeneous population. We further show that nest visit frequency increased nest failure probability and reduced productivity of shy females, but not of bold ones. Long-term research or conservation programmes needing nest visits can therefore lead to subtle but relevant population compositional changes that require further attention., This paper contributes to a Mobility Grant (Salvador de Madariaga call, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture) to BA.
Published: 2017
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22. Above- and belowground responses of Populus nigra L. to mechanical stress observed on the Allier River, France

Author: Dov Jean-François Corenblit, Borbála Hortobágyi, Johannes Steiger, Zhu Qing Ding, Luc Lambs, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), LTER France, LTSER Zone Atelier Loire, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, Fluvial, Biology, Populus nigra L, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Riparian zone, education.field_of_study, Biomass (ecology), geography, Phenotypic plasticity, geography.geographical_feature_category, trait, Ecology, mechanical stress, Allier River, 15. Life on land, biogeomorphology, Habitat, biogéomorphologie, rivière Allier, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait
Abstract: International audience; Pioneer riparian trees such as Populus nigra L. which establish on alluvial bars within dynamic riparian corridors strongly influence fluvial geomorphology by trapping sediments and constructing landforms during floods. The engineering effects (changes in the physical state of the habitat by organisms) of P. nigra on alluvial bars depend on its biomass and its exposure to mechanical stress. P. nigra has a strong phenotypic plasticity that enables individuals to adapt their morphological and biomechanical traits, according to the local hydrogeomorphic conditions. The comprehension and quantification of the variation of morphological and biomechanical response trait attributes of P. nigra populations according to their exposure to mechanical stress is fundamental to better understand why riparian plants are capable to impact fluvial geomorphology. In an empirical in situ study, we quantified the relation between response trait attributes of P. nigra and its exposure to three different levels of mechanical stress. At a highly exposed bar-head, plants clearly developed response traits such as small flexible stems and a strong root system which favour higher mechanical resistance, while at the less exposed bar-tail plants developed taller, less flexible stems and finer root systems. Plants that established in the lower reach of the chute channel developed some common trait attributes in comparison to the bar-tail population and some other trait attributes which were common to the bar-head population. Poplar plants which established on bar-tails favoured bioconstruction, and thus are potentially faster disconnected from hydrogeomorphic disturbances. These results further suggest that fine scale biogeomorphic feedbacks have an influence on larger scale processes within the fluvial corridor requiring hierarchical biogeomorphic bottom-up and top-down cross scale studies for a better understanding of complex biogeomorphic fluvial ecosystems.; Des arbres riverains pionniers, tels que Populus nigra L., établis sur des bancs alluviaux au sein de corridors fluviaux dynamiques, influencent fortement la géomorphologie fluviale en piégeant des sédiments et en construisant des formes fluviales pendant les crues. L'effet ingénieur (changements dans l’état physique de l’habitat par les organismes) de P. nigra sur les bancs alluviaux dépend de sa biomasse et de son degré d’exposition à la contrainte mécanique. P. nigra a une plasticité phénotypique élevée, qui lui permet d'adapter ses traits morphologiques et biomécaniques en fonction des conditions hydrogéomorphologiques locales. La compréhension et la quantification de la variation des traits de réponses morphologiques et biomécaniques au sein des populations de P. nigra en fonction de leur degré d’exposition à la contrainte mécanique est fondamentale pour mieux comprendre pourquoi et comment les plantes influent sur la géomorphologie. Dans une étude empirique in situ, nous avons quantifié la relation entre les traits morphologiques et biomécaniques de réponses de P. nigra et son exposition à différents niveaux de contrainte mécanique. En contexte très exposé, en tête de banc, les plantes ont développé des traits de réponse favorisant une plus grande résistance, notamment une tige flexible et basse et un système racinaire plus robuste. En contexte moins exposé, tel le cas de la queue de banc, les plantes ont développé des tiges plus longues et moins flexibles et un système racinaire plus fin. Les plantes établies dans le tronçon aval du chenal de chute alluviale ont développé certains traits communs avec la population de queue de banc et d’autres traits communs avec la population de tête de banc. Les peupliers établis en queue de banc ont favorisé la bioconstruction et donc potentiellement une déconnexion plus rapide des perturbations hydrogéomorphologiques. Nos résultats suggèrent que les processus biogéomorphologiques se produisant à l'échelle fine influent sur les processus à plus large échelle. Ce résultat pointe la nécessité de développer des études biogéomorphologiques hiérarchiques selon des approches ascendante (bottom-up) et descendante (top-down) pour une meilleure compréhension des écosystèmes fluviaux biogéomorphologiques complexes.
Published: 2017
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23. Vegetation succession processes and fluvial dynamics of a mobile temperate riparian ecosystem: the lower Allier River (France)

Author: Gregory Egger, G.W. Geerling, Dov Jean-François Corenblit, Meike Metz, María Díaz-Redondo, Borbála Hortobágyi, Virginia Garófano-Gómez, Johannes Steiger, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres (IGIC), LTER France, LTSER Zone Atelier Loire, Institute of Floodplain Ecology, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, School of Engineering. University of Lisbon, Deltares, Institute for Science, Innovation and Society - Faculty of Science, Radboud University (ISIS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0208 environmental biotechnology, Fluvial, riparian vegetation, 02 engineering and technology, Ecological succession, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, hydrogeomorphology, Temperate climate, Department of Sustainable Management of Resources, Ecosystem, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Earth-Surface Processes, Riparian zone, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Philosophy and Science Studies, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Hydrogeomorphology, Allier River, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, 020801 environmental engineering, Habitat, 13. Climate action, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, spatio-temporal processes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Channel (geography)
Abstract: [EN] Many riparian ecosystems in European temperate regions have lost their inherent, highly dynamic character due to human-induced impacts such as river channelization and flow regulation. The lower course of the Allier River (France) is one of the last remaining free meandering river segments, and thus, constitutes an opportunity to investigate riparian succession processes of a dynamic, temperate river system. We analyzed (i) the dynamics of the succession phases based on eight sets of aerial images of the riparian corridor over the last five decades (1967-2014), (ii) the dominant succession trajectories and (iii) their relation with the Allier River flow regime. Results revealed that the study site was characterized by a shifting habitat mosaic between 1967 and 2005, whilst floods did not change the overall habitat composition of the riparian corridor but their distribution in space. After the year 2005, progression and retrogression processes have been drastically reduced, with an increase of stability (i.e. no more channel migration and neither progression nor retrogression of patches), and a concomitant reduction of high and moderate magnitude floods. This study depicts a clear threshold of trajectory change in succession processes since the beginning of the 21st century and facilitates a better understanding of future trajectories under current global climate change., We thank P.A. Dejaifve (conservationist of the Reserve Naturelle Nationale du Val d'Allier) for the information provided about the study area. We are grateful to A. Blaschka, E. Lautsch and K. Dolos for their help in a previous version of this manuscript. V. Garofano-Gomez received a post-doctoral grant from the University Blaise Pascal (now: Universite Clermont Auvergne, France). B. Hortobagyi was funded for her PhD by the French Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research. M. Diaz-Redondo was supported by a grant from the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia as part of the FLUVIO Doctoral Programme - University of Lisbon (Portugal). The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions.
Published: 2017
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24. Fishpond dams affect leaf-litter processing and associated detritivore communities along intermittent low-order streams

Author: Aurélie Cébron, Marielle Thomas, Brian Four, Damien Banas, Evelyne Arce, Michael Danger, Département Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (DEPT EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle [LTSER France] (ZAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and LTER, Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, temporary river, fish pond dam, STREAMS, Aquatic Science, litter breakdown, Aquatic biota, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, shredders, headwaters, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Gammaridae, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Detritivore, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, Colonisation, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, ecological processes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Intermittent streams are common and widespread freshwater ecosystems globally. While dams greatly affect the ecology of permanent streams, the extent of their effects on intermittent streams remains largely unknown. The physical and chemical alterations induced by dams could have particularly strong impacts on the functioning of intermittent low‐order streams, especially due to the limitations they place on colonisation of aquatic biota from downstream permanent waters.Leaf‐litter breakdown (LLB) and associated communities (microbes and shredders) were studied to investigate the potential ecological continuum rupture caused by fishpond dams along the longitudinal gradient of intermittent streams. Three to four sites were investigated along three reference (no dam) and three impacted (with a fishpond dam) first‐order intermittent low‐order streams.LLB increased along the longitudinal gradient in all six streams regardless of the presence of dams (from 1.5 to 8.4 fold over
Published: 2017
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25. Time-lagged response of carabid species richness and composition to past management practices and landscape context of semi-natural field margins

Author: Audrey Alignier, Stéphanie Aviron, SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, LTER Zone Atelier Armorique, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, 0106 biological sciences, Landscape context, Environmental Engineering, Biodiversity, Context (language use), Woodland, Forests, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, Ecology, Agroforestry, Species richnnes, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Herbicide spraying, Grazing, Geography, Habitat, Carabid assemblages, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Spatial ecology, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, France, Species richness, Arable land, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Composition
Abstract: Field margins are key features for the maintenance of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. Little is known about the effects of management practices of old semi-natural field margins, and their historical dimension regarding past management practices and landscape context is rarely considered. In this paper, the relative influence of recent and past management practices and landscape context (during the last five years) were assessed on the local biodiversity (species richness and composition) of carabid assemblages of field margins in agricultural landscapes of northwestern France. The results showed that recent patterns of carabid species richness and composition were best explained by management practices and landscape context measured four or five years ago. It suggests the existence of a time lag in the response of carabid assemblages to past environmental conditions of field margins. The relative contribution of past management practices and past landscape context varied depending on the spatial scale at which landscape context was taken into account. Carabid species richness was higher in grazed or sprayed field margins probably due to increased heterogeneity in habitat conditions. Field margins surrounded by grasslands and crops harbored species associated with open habitats whilst forest species dominated field margins surrounded by woodland. Landscape effect was higher at fine spatial scale, within 50 m around field margins. The present study highlights the importance of considering time-lagged responses of biodiversity when managing environment. It also suggests that old semi-natural field margins should not be considered as undisturbed habitats but more as management units being part of farming activities in agricultural landscapes, as for arable fields.
Published: 2017
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26. L'utilisation du périphyton comme bioindicateur multimétrique pour évaluer l'impact des pratiques agricoles sur les rivières: cas du bassin versant Ardières-Morcille

Author: Stéphane Pesce, Ursula Dorigo, Agnès Bouchez, Ahmed Tlili, Véronique Gouy, Bernadette Volat, Annette Bérard, Bernard Montuelle, Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and LTER Rhone Basin (ZABR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pollution, BIOFILMS, COMMUNITY LEVEL PHYSIOLOGICAL PROFILE, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, ARDIERES COURS D'EAU, MORCILLE COURS D'EAU, 01 natural sciences, POLLUTION, RIVER, Periphyton, Water pollution, FINGER PRINTS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Pollutant, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic ecosystem, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Pollution-induced community tolerance, 13. Climate action, POLLUTION-INDUCED COMMUNITY TOLERANCE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, BIOLOGICAL INDICATION, Environmental science, Water quality, Bioindicator
Abstract: International audience; Developing new biological indicators for monitoring toxic substances is a major environmental challenge. Intensive agricultural areas are generally pesticide-dependent and generate water pollution due to transfer of pesticide residues through spray-drift, run-off and leaching. The ecological effects of these pollutants in aquatic ecosystems are broad-ranging owing to the variety of substances present (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, etc.). Biofilms (or periphyton) are considered to be early warning systems for contamination detection and their ability to reveal effects of pollutants led researchers to propose a variety of methods to detect and assess the impact of pesticides. The present article sought to provide new insights into the ecological significance of biofilm microbial communities and to discuss their bioindication potential for water quality and land use by reporting on 4 years of research performed on the French Ardières-Morcille experimental watershed (AMEW). Various biological indicators have been applied during several surveys on AMEW, allowing the characterisation of (i) the structure and diversity of biofilm communities [community level finger printing (CLFP) such as PCRDGGE and pigment classes], (ii) functions associated with biofilm[community level physiological profiles (CLPP) such as extracellular enzymes, pesticides biodegradation or carbon sources biodegradation] and (iii) biofilm tolerance assessment (pollution-induced community tolerance, PICT) of the main contaminant in the AMEW (copper and diuron). Approaches based on CLFPs and PICT were consistent with each other and indicated the upstream-downstream impact due to the increasing land use by vineyards and the adaptation of algal and bacterial communities to the pollution gradient. CLPPs gave a contrasted bioindication because some parameters (most of the tested extracellular enzymes activities) did not detect a pollution gradient. Such CLPPs, CLFPs and PICT methods applied to biofilm could constitute the basis for a relevant in situ assessment both for chemical effects and aquatic ecosystem resilience.
Published: 2010
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27. Terrestrial support of aquatic food webs depends on light inputs: a geographically-replicated test using tank bromeliads

Author: Nicholas A. C. Marino, Régis Céréghino, Olivier Dézerald, Gustavo Q. Romero, Michael J. Richardson, Barbara A. Richardson, Angélica L. González, Vinicius F. Farjalla, Gustavo C. O. Piccoli, Diane S. Srivastava, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), Biology Department and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Graduate Program in Animal Biolog, São Paulo State University, Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, Department ofAnimal Biology, Institute of Biolog, Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), University of British Columbia, State University of NJ, Université de Toulouse, Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (UMR-CNRS 8172), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Aquatic Organisms, Food Chain, allochthony, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bromelia, Fresh Water, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, Allochthonous carbon, tank bromeliads, tropics, Food chain, natural microcosms, Allochthony, allochthonous carbon, Animals, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Autochthonous carbon, aquatic food webs, Invertebrate, Detritus, stable isotopic analysis, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Tropics, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Invertebrates, autochthony, Tank bromeliads, Habitat, Aquatic food webs, 13. Climate action, Stable isotopic analysis, Natural microcosms, Autochthony, autochthonous carbon, Microcosm
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:04:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 Food webs of freshwater ecosystems can be subsidized by allochthonous resources. However, it is still unknown which environmental factors regulate the relative consumption of allochthonous resources in relation to autochthonous resources. Here, we evaluated the importance of allochthonous resources (litterfall) for the aquatic food webs in Neotropical tank bromeliads, a naturally replicated aquatic microcosm. Aquatic invertebrates were sampled in more than 100 bromeliads within either open or shaded habitats and within five geographically distinct sites located in four different countries. Using stable isotope analyses, we determined that allochthonous sources comprised 74% (±17%) of the food resources of aquatic invertebrates. However, the allochthonous contribution to aquatic invertebrates strongly decreased from shaded to open habitats, as light incidence increased in the tanks. The density of detritus in the tanks had no impact on the importance of allochthonous sources to aquatic invertebrates. This overall pattern held for all invertebrates, irrespective of the taxonomic or functional group to which they belonged. We concluded that, over a broad geographic range, aquatic food webs of tank bromeliads are mostly allochthonous-based, but the relative importance of allochthonous subsidies decreases when light incidence favors autochthonous primary production. These results suggest that, for other freshwater systems, some of the between-study variation in the importance of allochthonous subsidies may similarly be driven by the relative availability of autochthonous resources. Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Ilha Do Fundão, PO Box 68020 Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd. Biology Department Center for Computational and Integrative Biology Rutgers State University of NJ Ecolab (UMR-CNRS 5245) Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne CNRS Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (UMR-CNRS 8172) Campus Agronomique Graduate Program in Animal Biology IBILCE State University of São Paulo (UNESP) Luquillo LTER Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies College of Natural Sciences University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, P.O. Box 70377 Department of Animal Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6109 Graduate Program in Animal Biology IBILCE State University of São Paulo (UNESP)
Published: 2016
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28. The rich sides of mountain summits – a pan-European view on aspect preferences of alpine plants

Author: Klaus Steinbauer, Thomas Kudernatsch, Frank T. Breiner, Robert Kanka, Martina Petey, Pavel Moiseev, Siegrun Ertl, Andrea Lamprecht, Per Larsson, Graziano Rossi, Martin Klipp, Martin Mallaun, Philippe Choler, Marcello Tomaselli, Umberto Morra di Cella, Karl Hülber, Michael Suen, Peter Unterluggauer, Pascal Vittoz, Brigitta Erschbamer, Christian Bay, Anne O. Syverhuset, Jean-Paul Theurillat, Laszlo Nagy, Harald Pauli, Doris Huber, Michael Gottfried, Manuela Winkler, Dmitry Moiseev, Luis Villar, Maria Laura Carranza, Christian Rixen, Mihai Pușcaș, Anna Maria Fosaa, Rosa Fernández Calzado, José Luis Benito Alonso, Khatuna Gigauri, Emmanuel Corcket, Angela Stanisci, Ulf Molau, Tomas Bergström, Jan Dick, Joaquín Molero Mesa, Alba Gutiérrez Girón, Ottar Michelsen, George Kazakis, Jozef Kollár, Dany Ghosn, Tudor Ursu, Maia Akhalkatsi, Rosario G. Gavilán, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna [Vienna], Vienna Institute for Nature Conservation and Analyses (VINCA), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie, Fondation J.-M. Aubert, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Grenoble, LTER Zone Atelier Alpes, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Ilia State University [Tbilisi], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), County Administrative Board of Jämtlands län, Partenaires INRAE, Università degli Studi del Molise (Unimol), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Faroese Museum of Natural History, Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Chania (CIHEAM-IAMC), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), National Park of Berchtesgaden, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Referat Naturschutz, Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Göteborg University, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS), Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente della Valle d'Aosta, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), A. Borza Botanical Garden, Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], and National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences (NIRBDS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Life zone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, soil temperature, Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Diversity index, Behavior and Systematics, Temperate climate, vascular plants, Alpine life zone, Climate change, Europe, GLORIA, Long-term monitoring, Slope aspect, Soil temperature, Species diversity, Vascular plants, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, species diversity, long-term monitoring, slope aspect, 15. Life on land, alpine life zone, climate change, Species richness, Extinction debt
Abstract: International audience; Aim In the alpine life zone, plant diversity is strongly determined by local topography and microclimate. We assessed the extent to which aspect and its relatedness to temperature affect plant species diversity, and the colonization and disappearance of species on alpine summits on a pan-European scale. Location Mountain summits in Europe's alpine life zone. Methods Vascular plant species and their percentage cover were recorded in permanent plots in each cardinal direction on 123 summits in 32 regions across Europe. For a subset from 17 regions, resurvey data and 6-year soil temperature series were available. Differences in temperature sum and Shannon index as well as species richness, colonization and disappearance of species among cardinal directions were analysed using linear mixed-effects and generalised mixed-effects models, respectively. Results Temperature sums were higher in east- and south-facing aspects than in the north-facing ones, while the west-facing ones were intermediate; differences were smallest in northern Europe. The patterns of temperature sums among aspects were consistent among years. In temperate regions, thermal differences were reflected by plant diversity, whereas this relationship was weaker or absent on Mediterranean and boreal mountains. Colonization of species was positively related to temperature on Mediterranean and temperate mountains, whereas disappearance of species was not related to temperature. Main conclusions Thermal differences caused by solar radiation determine plant species diversity on temperate mountains. Advantages for plants on eastern slopes may result from the combined effects of a longer diurnal period of radiation due to convection cloud effects in the afternoon and the sheltered position against the prevailing westerly winds. In northern Europe, long summer days and low sun angles can even out differences among aspects. On Mediterranean summits, summer drought may limit species numbers on the warmer slopes. Warmer aspects support a higher number of colonization events. Hence, aspect can be a principal determinant of the pace of climate-induced migration processes.
Published: 2016
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29. La couverture forestière et la saisonnalité des précipitations contrôlent l'inflammabilité du sous-bois dans les forêts montagnardes des Alpes

Author: Thibaut Fréjaville, Christopher Carcaillet, Thomas Curt, Ecosystèmes méditerranéens et risques (UR EMAX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LTER Zone Atelier Alpes, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), and Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, py- rogeography, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, ALPINE VEGETATION, redundancy analysis, VEGETATION ALPINE, FORET DE MONTAGNE, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, INFLAMMABILITE, Fire intensity, mountain forest fuel, Forest ecology, COUVERT FORESTIER, flammability traits, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Flammability, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, ved/biology, FLAMMABILITY, Understory, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, FlamMap model, MOUNTAIN FOREST, FOREST COVER, VEGETAL COMBUSTIBLE, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Litter, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Little is known about the understorey flammability of European mountain forests. The aim of this study was to determine the relative effects of climate, vegetation structure and composition on the fuel-driven variation in fire spread and intensity. Fire spread and intensity were simulated under constant moisture and weather conditions for a wide range of understorey fuel parameters measured in the litter, grass and shrub layers. Simulation outputs were used to compare understorey flammability between different forest ecosystem types (FET). The FETs were characterized by using a co-inertia analysis between composition and the environment (vegetation structure and climate). The relationships between these factors, fuel properties and understorey flammability were then tested using partial regression analyses.Results The most flammable forests displayed an open canopy (dry-subalpine and open-mediterranean) and grew in areas with dry autumns and wet and cold springs. Fire spread and intensity were controlled by the trade-off between tree cover and dead (litter) and live (grass and shrub) biomass load. Fire intensity also increased as a result of seasonal precipitation patterns (differential distribution between the seasons): rainy springs enhanced biomass growth, whereas dry climates, especially in autumn, promoted shrub biomass and stimulated litter accumulation and residence (higher litterfall and lower decomposition rates). Interestingly, we found a positive relationship between fire intensity and the proportion of conifers that disappeared after accounting for tree cover, indicating that, in the Alps, the open canopy structure of needle-leaved forests makes them potentially more flammable than broad-leaved forests because of the higher load and continuity of surface fuels. Main conclusions Inter-relationships between tree cover, precipitation seasonality and species composition govern the understorey flammability of mountain forests. We also found evidence that tree cover strongly constrains fire spread by driving the amount and type of surface fuel, which suggests that land use change can have a strong influence on flammability patterns .; On connaît peu l'inflammabilité du sous-étage dans les forêts de montagne européennes. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer les effets relatifs du climat, de la structure de la végétation et de la composition du combustible sur la propagation et l'intensité du feu. La propagation et l'intensité des incendies ont été simulés sous humidité constante et les conditions météorologiques pour une large gamme de paramètres de combustible (litière, herbe et arbustes). Les sorties de simulation ont été utilisés pour comparer entre les sous-bois d'inflammabilité types d'écosystèmes forestiers différents (FET). Les FET ont été caractérisés en utilisant une analyse de co-inertie entre la composition et l'environnement (structure de la végétation et le climat). Les relations entre ces facteurs, les propriétés du carburant et sous-bois inflammabilité ont ensuite été testées en utilisant des analyses de régression partielle. Les forêts les plus inflammables affichent un sous-bois clair et poussent dans les zones avec des automnes secs et humides et des printemps frais. La propagation et l'intensité des incendies ont été contrôlés par le compromis entre couvert d'arbres et de morts (litière) et en direct (herbe et arbuste) charge de la biomasse. L'intensité du feu a augmenté en raison de la configuration des précipitations saisonnières (répartition différentielle entre les saisons): printemps pluvieux amélioré la croissance de la biomasse, tandis que les climats secs, surtout en automne, favorisent la biomasse d'arbustes, l'accumulation de la litière et sont temps de résidence (litière plus élevée et la décomposition inférieure les taux). Nous avons trouvé une relation positive entre l'intensité du feu et la proportion de conifères qui a disparu après comptabilisation de la couverture forestière, ce qui indique que, dans les Alpes, la structure des forêts conifères les rend potentiellement plus inflammables que les forêts feuillues en raison de la charge plus élevée et la continuité des combustibles de surface. Les inter-relations entre le couvert forestier, les précipitations saisonnières et la composition des espèces régissent l'inflammabilité du sous-bois des forêts de montagne. Nous avons également constaté que la couverture forestière contrôle fortement le feu par la quantité et le type de combustible de surface, ce qui donne à penser que l'utilisation des terres peut avoir une forte influence sur les modèles d'inflammabilité.
Published: 2016
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30. Honey bee diet in intensive farmland habitats reveals an unexpectedly high flower richness and a major role of weeds

Author: Vincent Bretagnolle, Thierry Tamic, Mickaël Henry, Jean-François Odoux, Nathalie Moreau, Axel Decourtye, Fabrice Requier, UE 1255 Unité expérimentale Entomologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Santé des plantes et environnement (S.P.E.)-Unité expérimentale Entomologie (ENTOMOLOGIE), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (UE EASM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Abeilles et Environnement (AE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), UMT Protection des Abeilles dans l'Environnement, Association de Coordination Technique Agricole (ACTA), Institut Technique et Scientifique de l'Apiculture et de la Pollinisation (ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille), LTER Zone Atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CASDAR-Programme 9535-POLINOV, Région Poitou-Charentes, Entomologie (ENTOMOLOGIE), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: biodiversité végétale, Pollen source, Beekeeping, flore sauvage, Time Factors, Pollination, Plant Nectar, Biodiversité et Ecologie, deux sèvres, Plant Weeds, Flowers, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Biodiversity and Ecology, apis mellifera, agri-environmental schemes, Pollinator, Pollen, medicine, Nectar, ressource alimentaire, Animals, apis mellifera L, Ecosystem, paysage agricole, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, préservation de l'environnement, nectar, honey reserves, Agriculture, Honey bee, 15. Life on land, Bees, floral resources, palynological identification, Diet, pollinisation entomophile, long-terme monitoring, agricultural landscape, pollen collections, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, pollen quality
Abstract: In intensive farmland habitats, pollination of wild flowers and crops may be threatened by the widespread decline of pollinators. The honey bee decline, in particular, appears to result from the combination of multiple stresses, including diseases, pathogens, and pesticides. The reduction of semi-natural habitats is also suspected to entail floral resource scarcity for bees. Yet, the seasonal dynamics and composition of the honey bee diet remains poorly documented to date. In this study, we studied the seasonal contribution of mass-flowering crops (rapeseed and sunflower) vs. other floral resources, as well as the influence of nutritional quality and landscape composition on pollen diet composition over five consecutive years. From April to October, the mass of pollen and nectar collected by honey bees followed a bimodal seasonal trend, marked by a two-month period of low food supply between the two oilseed crop mass-flowerings (ending in May for rapeseed and July for sunflower). Bees collected nectar mainly from crops while pollen came from a wide diversity of herbaceous and woody plant species in semi-natural habitats or from weeds in crops. Weed species constituted the bulk of the honey bee diet between the mass flowering crop periods (up to 40%) and are therefore suspected to play a critical role at this time period. The pollen diet composition was related to the nutritional value of the collected pollen and by the local landscape composition. Our study highlights (1) a food supply depletion period of both pollen and nectar resources during late spring, contemporaneously with the demographic peak of honey bee populations, (2) a high botanical richness of pollen diet, mostly proceeding from trees and weeds, and (3) a pollen diet composition influenced by the local landscape composition. Our results therefore support the Agri-Environmental Schemes intended to promote honey bees and beekeeping sustainability through the enhancement of flower availability in agricultural landscapes.
Published: 2015
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31. Detecting predators and locating competitors while foraging: an experimental study of a medium-sized herbivore in an African savanna

Author: Patrick Duncan, Gugulethu Ncube, Pierrick Blanchard, Stéphanie Périquet, Marion Valeix, Tawanda Tarakini, Simon Chamaillé-Jammes, Hervé Fritz, Edwin Makuwe, Marion Lombard, Olivier Pays, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG-Angers), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS HERD Program, Hwange LTER, Hwange National Park, Groupe Ecologie et Conservation (LEESA), Université d'Angers (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Food Chain, Time Factors, Foraging, Biology, Poaceae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Food handling, Predation, Resource Acquisition Is Initialization, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Herbivory, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, Wilderness area, Probability, 2. Zero hunger, Herbivore, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, 05 social sciences, Competitor analysis, Ruminants, 15. Life on land, Anti-predator behavior Group living Impala Patch quality Vigilance Visibility, Vigilance (behavioural ecology), Predatory Behavior, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Vigilance allows individuals to escape from predators, but it also reduces time for other activities which determine fitness, in particular resource acquisition. The principles determining how prey trade time between the detection of predators and food acquisition are not fully understood, particularly in herbivores because of many potential confounding factors (such as group size), and the ability of these animals to be vigilant while handling food. We designed a fertilization experiment to manipulate the quality of resources, and compared awareness (distinguishing apprehensive foraging and vigilance) of wild impalas (Aepyceros melampus) foraging on patches of different grass height and quality in a wilderness area with a full community of predators. While handling food, these animals can allocate time to other functions. The impalas were aware of their environment less often when on good food patches and when the grass was short. The animals spent more time in apprehensive foraging when grass was tall, and no other variable affected apprehensive behavior. The probability of exhibiting a vigilance posture decreased with group size. The interaction between grass height and patch enrichment also affected the time spent in vigilance, suggesting that resource quality was the main driver when visibility is good, and the risk of predation the main driver when the risk is high. We discuss various possible mechanisms underlying the perception of predation risk: foraging strategy, opportunities for scrounging, and interindividual interference. Overall, this experiment shows that improving patch quality modifies the trade-off between vigilance and foraging in favor of feeding, but vigilance remains ultimately driven by the visibility of predators by foragers within their feeding patches.
Published: 2012
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31 results on '"LTER"'

1. The value of long-term ecological research for evolutionary insights.

2. Time series and beyond: multifaceted plankton research at a marine Mediterranean LTER site

3. Geographical generality of bird-habitat relationships depends on species traits

4. Changes in biodiversity and trade-offs among ecosystem services, stakeholders, and components of well-being: the contribution of the International Long-Term Ecological Research network (ILTER) to Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS)

5. Climate influences the response of community functional traits to local conditions in bromeliad invertebrate communities

6. Remote sensing of american maple in alluvial forests: a case study in an island complex of the Loire valley (France)

7. Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

8. Do human infrastructures shape nest distribution in the landscape depending on individual personality in a farmland bird of prey?

9. Chemical fertility of forest ecosystems. Part 2: Towards redefining the concept by untangling the role of the different components of biogeochemical cycling

10. Trait‐matching and mass effect determine the functional response of herbivore communities to land‐use intensification

11. Does the management of woody edges in urban parks match aesthetic and ecological user perception?

12. Organic farming positively affects honeybee colonies in a flower‐poor period in agricultural landscapes

13. Integrating Local Ecological Knowledge for Waterbird Conservation: Insights From Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, Zimbabwe

14. Multi-scale and antagonist selection on life-history traits in parasitoids: a community ecology perspective

15. Aridity and competition drive fire resistance trait covariation in mountain trees

16. From urban lawns to urban meadows Reduction of mowing frequency increases plant taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity

17. Rapid responses of winter aphid-parasitoid communities to climate warming

18. Two decades of change in a field margin vegetation metacommunity as a result of field margin structure and management practice changes

19. Fire ecology of a tree glacial refugium on a nunatak with a view on Alpine glaciers

20. A circannual perspective on daily and total flight distances in a long-distance migratory raptor, the Montagu’s harrier, Circus pygargus

21. Individual variation in behavioural responsiveness to humans leads to differences in breeding success and long-term population phenotypic changes

22. Above- and belowground responses of Populus nigra L. to mechanical stress observed on the Allier River, France

23. Vegetation succession processes and fluvial dynamics of a mobile temperate riparian ecosystem: the lower Allier River (France)

24. Fishpond dams affect leaf-litter processing and associated detritivore communities along intermittent low-order streams

25. Time-lagged response of carabid species richness and composition to past management practices and landscape context of semi-natural field margins

26. L'utilisation du périphyton comme bioindicateur multimétrique pour évaluer l'impact des pratiques agricoles sur les rivières: cas du bassin versant Ardières-Morcille

27. Terrestrial support of aquatic food webs depends on light inputs: a geographically-replicated test using tank bromeliads

28. The rich sides of mountain summits – a pan-European view on aspect preferences of alpine plants

29. La couverture forestière et la saisonnalité des précipitations contrôlent l'inflammabilité du sous-bois dans les forêts montagnardes des Alpes

30. Honey bee diet in intensive farmland habitats reveals an unexpectedly high flower richness and a major role of weeds

31. Detecting predators and locating competitors while foraging: an experimental study of a medium-sized herbivore in an African savanna

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31 results on '"LTER"'

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