12 results on '"Kark, Salit"'
Search Results
2. Accelerated shifts in terrestrial life zones under rapid climate change
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Elsen, Paul R., Saxon, Earl C., Simmons, B. Alexander, Ward, Michelle, Williams, Brooke A., Grantham, Hedley S., Kark, Salit, Levin, Noam, Perez‐Hammerle, Katharina‐Victoria, Reside, April E., and Watson, James E. M.
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Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Accelerated shifts in terrestrial life zones under rapid climate change. Global Change Biology (2021)], which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15962. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions: https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/licensing/self-archiving.html#3. Deposited by shareyourpaper.org and openaccessbutton.org. We've taken reasonable steps to ensure this content doesn't violate copyright. However, if you think it does you can request a takedown by emailing help@openaccessbutton.org.
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- 2021
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3. The Global Distribution and Drivers of Alien Bird Species Richness
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Dyer, Ellie E., Cassey, Phillip, Redding, David W., Collen, Ben, Franks, Victoria, Gaston, Kevin J., Jones, Kate E., Kark, Salit, Orme, C. David L., and Blackburn, Tim M.
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Computer and Information Sciences ,Evolutionary Processes ,Internationality ,Time Factors ,Ecological Metrics ,Species Delimitation ,QH301-705.5 ,Speciation ,Gross Domestic Product ,Invasive Species ,Birds ,Species Colonization ,Population Metrics ,Species Specificity ,Geoinformatics ,Animals ,Biology (General) ,Population Density ,Evolutionary Biology ,Ecology ,Geography ,Population Biology ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Species Diversity ,Biodiversity ,Spatial Autocorrelation ,Biogeography ,Vertebrates ,Amniotes ,Earth Sciences ,Introduced Species ,Research Article - Abstract
Alien species are a major component of human-induced environmental change. Variation in the numbers of alien species found in different areas is likely to depend on a combination of anthropogenic and environmental factors, with anthropogenic factors affecting the number of species introduced to new locations, and when, and environmental factors influencing how many species are able to persist there. However, global spatial and temporal variation in the drivers of alien introduction and species richness remain poorly understood. Here, we analyse an extensive new database of alien birds to explore what determines the global distribution of alien species richness for an entire taxonomic class. We demonstrate that the locations of origin and introduction of alien birds, and their identities, were initially driven largely by European (mainly British) colonialism. However, recent introductions are a wider phenomenon, involving more species and countries, and driven in part by increasing economic activity. We find that, globally, alien bird species richness is currently highest at midlatitudes and is strongly determined by anthropogenic effects, most notably the number of species introduced (i.e., “colonisation pressure”). Nevertheless, environmental drivers are also important, with native and alien species richness being strongly and consistently positively associated. Our results demonstrate that colonisation pressure is key to understanding alien species richness, show that areas of high native species richness are not resistant to colonisation by alien species at the global scale, and emphasise the likely ongoing threats to global environments from introductions of species., Author Summary The introduction of alien species is one of the primary ways in which human actions are changing the environment. Alien species have been responsible for numerous global and local extinctions and are eroding the uniqueness of many natural environments. There is thus a basic need to understand which areas end up with more alien species. Here, we use a major new global database on the distribution of alien birds to show, first, how patterns in the number of species introduced to a location (colonisation pressure) have changed over time. We show that historical introductions were driven largely by European, and especially British, colonialism. However, the rate of bird introductions is increasing, with shifts in the locations of origin and introduction of species probably driven by the cage bird trade. We then combine information on where bird species have been introduced with a global map of alien bird species richness to identify the main drivers of richness. We show that colonisation pressure is the strongest predictor of alien bird species richness, but that there are other anthropogenic and environmental drivers. Most notably, once colonisation pressure has been accounted for, alien bird species richness is higher in areas where native bird species richness is higher.
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- 2017
4. Trait structure reveals the processes underlying fish establishment in the Mediterranean.
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Givan, Or, Parravicini, Valeriano, Kulbicki, Michel, Belmaker, Jonathan, and Kark, Salit
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FISHES ,SPECIES ,ECOLOGY ,ROBUST control ,WATER depth - Abstract
Aim Typically, non-indigenous species have been studied in relation to either the invaded (recipient) community or the donor community. However, we still lack a broad understanding of the mechanisms underlying the establishment of non-indigenous species that combines both perspectives. Since the opening of the Suez Canal, hundreds of species have invaded the Mediterranean from the Red Sea, forming a unique system in which the entire species pool (donor, non-indigenous and recipient) is known. Focusing on species ecological traits, we assess the drivers underlying the establishment of non-indigenous species from the onset of the invasion to the present. Location The Mediterranean and Red Seas. Methods We compiled traits for shallow-water hard-bottom-associated fishes in the Mediterranean (recipient community) and the Red Sea (donor community). We compared the multivariate community trait structure of non-indigenous species with the donor and recipient assemblages, using a novel method to objectively assign trait-weights, thereby increasing the robustness of the results. Patterns were contrasted with two types of null models which provide distinct insights into the ecological processes. Results Non-indigenous fishes are very diverse ecologically, substantially increasing the total community trait diversity of the Mediterranean. Trait similarity between non-indigenous and indigenous Mediterranean species was lower than expected, indicating that non-indigenous fishes tend to occupy relatively vacant niches within the Mediterranean. However, we further found that over time non-indigenous species display increased trait similarity to indigenous Mediterranean species. This suggests that trait constraints associated with successful establishment are weakening. Main conclusions Non-indigenous species establish in relatively vacant ecological niches, opening the possibility for predicting establishment using ecological traits. However, the weakening of trait constraints through time suggests that forecasting future establishment may be difficult. Faced with an accelerating pace of invasion, it appears that the Mediterranean is going to be transformed into an extension of the Red Sea in terms of trait and species composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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5. The Crowded Sea: Incorporating Multiple Marine Activities in Conservation Plans Can Significantly Alter Spatial Priorities.
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Mazor, Tessa, Possingham, Hugh P., Edelist, Dori, Brokovich, Eran, and Kark, Salit
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MARINE resources conservation ,SEAWATER ,BIODIVERSITY ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,STAKEHOLDERS ,FISHERS - Abstract
Successful implementation of marine conservation plans is largely inhibited by inadequate consideration of the broader social and economic context within which conservation operates. Marine waters and their biodiversity are shared by a host of stakeholders, such as commercial fishers, recreational users and offshore developers. Hence, to improve implementation success of conservation plans, we must incorporate other marine activities while explicitly examining trade-offs that may be required. In this study, we test how the inclusion of multiple marine activities can shape conservation plans. We used the entire Mediterranean territorial waters of Israel as a case study to compare four planning scenarios with increasing levels of complexity, where additional zones, threats and activities were added (e.g., commercial fisheries, hydrocarbon exploration interests, aquaculture, and shipping lanes). We applied the marine zoning decision support tool Marxan to each planning scenario and tested a) the ability of each scenario to reach biodiversity targets, b) the change in opportunity cost and c) the alteration of spatial conservation priorities. We found that by including increasing numbers of marine activities and zones in the planning process, greater compromises are required to reach conservation objectives. Complex plans with more activities incurred greater opportunity cost and did not reach biodiversity targets as easily as simplified plans with less marine activities. We discovered that including hydrocarbon data in the planning process significantly alters spatial priorities. For the territorial waters of Israel we found that in order to protect at least 10% of the range of 166 marine biodiversity features there would be a loss of ∼15% of annual commercial fishery revenue and ∼5% of prospective hydrocarbon revenue. This case study follows an illustrated framework for adopting a transparent systematic process to balance biodiversity goals and economic considerations within a country's territorial waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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6. Setting Priorities for Regional Conservation Planning in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Micheli, Fiorenza, Levin, Noam, Giakoumi, Sylvaine, Katsanevakis, Stelios, Abdulla, Ameer, Coll, Marta, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Kark, Salit, Koutsoubas, Drosos, Mackelworth, Peter, Maiorano, Luigi, and Possingham, Hugh P.
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MARINE biodiversity conservation ,MARINE habitats ,MARINE ecology ,MARINE species diversity ,EARTH sciences ,LITERATURE reviews - Abstract
Spatial prioritization in conservation is required to direct limited resources to where actions are most urgently needed and most likely to produce effective conservation outcomes. In an effort to advance the protection of a highly threatened hotspot of marine biodiversity, the Mediterranean Sea, multiple spatial conservation plans have been developed in recent years. Here, we review and integrate these different plans with the goal of identifying priority conservation areas that represent the current consensus among the different initiatives. A review of six existing and twelve proposed conservation initiatives highlights gaps in conservation and management planning, particularly within the southern and eastern regions of the Mediterranean and for offshore and deep sea habitats. The eighteen initiatives vary substantially in their extent (covering 0.1–58.5% of the Mediterranean Sea) and in the location of additional proposed conservation and management areas. Differences in the criteria, approaches and data used explain such variation. Despite the diversity among proposals, our analyses identified ten areas, encompassing 10% of the Mediterranean Sea, that are consistently identified among the existing proposals, with an additional 10% selected by at least five proposals. These areas represent top priorities for immediate conservation action. Despite the plethora of initiatives, major challenges face Mediterranean biodiversity and conservation. These include the need for spatial prioritization within a comprehensive framework for regional conservation planning, the acquisition of additional information from data-poor areas, species or habitats, and addressing the challenges of establishing transboundary governance and collaboration in socially, culturally and politically complex conditions. Collective prioritised action, not new conservation plans, is needed for the north, western, and high seas of the Mediterranean, while developing initial information-based plans for the south and eastern Mediterranean is an urgent requirement for true regional conservation planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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7. Comparing the Response of Birds and Butterflies to Vegetation-Based Mountain Ecotones Using Boundary Detection Approaches.
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Kent, Rafi, Levanoni, Oded, Banker, Eran, Pe’er, Guy, and Kark, Salit
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BIRD diversity ,ECOTONES ,ANIMAL species ,SPECIES diversity ,BIOTIC communities ,ENTOMOLOGY ,BUTTERFLIES - Abstract
Mountains provide an opportunity to examine changes in biodiversity across environmental gradients and areas of transition (ecotones). Mountain ecotones separate vegetation belts. Here, we aimed to examine whether transition areas for birds and butterflies spatially correspond with ecotones between three previously described altitudinal vegetation belts on Mt. Hermon, northern Israel. These include the Mediterranean Maquis, xero-montane open forest and Tragacanthic mountain steppe vegetation belts. We sampled the abundance of bird and butterfly species in 34 sampling locations along an elevational gradient between 500 and 2200 m. We applied wombling, a boundary-detection technique, which detects rapid changes in a continuous variable, in order to locate the transition areas for bird and butterfly communities and compare the location of these areas with the location of vegetation belts as described in earlier studies of Mt. Hermon. We found some correspondence between the areas of transition of both bird and butterfly communities and the ecotones between vegetation belts. For birds and butterflies, important transitions occurred at the lower vegetation ecotone between Mediterranean maquis and the xero-montane open forest vegetation belts, and between the xero-montane open forest and the mountain steppe Tragacanthic belts. While patterns of species turnover with elevation were similar for birds and butterflies, the change in species richness and diversity with elevation differed substantially between the two taxa. Birds and butterflies responded quite similarly to the elevational gradient and to the shift between vegetation belts in terms of species turnover rates. While the mechanisms generating these patterns may differ, the resulting areas of peak turnover in species show correspondence among three different taxa (plants, birds and butterflies). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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8. Can we predict butterfly diversity along an elevation gradient from space?
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Levanoni, Oded, Levin, Noam, Pe'er, Guy, Turbé, Anne, and Kark, Salit
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BUTTERFLIES ,SPECIES diversity ,ECOLOGY ,BIODIVERSITY ,GROUND vegetation cover ,PATTERN formation (Biology) ,FORECASTING - Abstract
An important challenge in ecology is to predict patterns of biodiversity across eco-geographical gradients. This is particularly relevant in areas that are inaccessible, but are of high research and conservation value, such as mountains. Potentially, remotely-sensed vegetation indices derived from satellite images can help in predicting species diversity in vast and remote areas via their relationship with two of the major factors that are known to affect biodiversity: productivity and spatial heterogeneity in productivity. Here, we examined whether the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can be used effectively to predict changes in butterfly richness, range size rarity and beta diversity along an elevation gradient. We examined the relationship between butterfly diversity and both the mean NDVI within elevation belts (a surrogate of productivity) and the variability in NDVI within and among elevation belts (surrogates for spatial heterogeneity in productivity). We calculated NDVI at three spatial extents, using a high spatial resolution QuickBird satellite image. We obtained data on butterfly richness, rarity and beta diversity by field sampling 100 m quadrats and transects between 500 and 2200 m in Mt Hermon, Israel. We found that the variability in NDVI, as measured both within and among adjacent elevation belts, was strongly and significantly correlated with butterfly richness. Butterfly range size rarity was strongly correlated with the mean and the standard deviation of NDVI within belts. In our system it appears that it is spatial heterogeneity in productivity rather than productivity per se that explained butterfly richness. These results suggest that remotely-sensed data can provide a useful tool for assessing spatial patterns of butterfly richness in inaccessible areas. The results further indicate the importance of considering spatial heterogeneity in productivity along elevation gradients, which has no lesser importance than productivity in shaping richness and rarity, especially at the local scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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9. Establishment Success across Convergent Mediterranean Ecosystems: an Analysis of Bird Introductions.
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KARK, SALIT and SOL, DANIEL
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BIRDS , *ANIMAL introduction , *ECOLOGY , *ECOSYSTEM management , *ENVIRONMENTAL management , *NATURE conservation , *BIODIVERSITY conservation - Abstract
Concern over the impact of invaders on biodiversity and on the functioning of ecosystems has generated a rising tide of comparative analyses aiming to unveil the factors that shape the success of introduced species across different regions. One limitation of these studies is that they often compare geographically rather than ecologically defined regions. We propose an approach that can help address this limitation: comparison of invasions across convergent ecosystems that share similar climates. We compared avian invasions in five convergent mediterranean climate systems around the globe. Based on a database of 180 introductions representing 121 avian species, we found that the proportion of bird species successfully established was high in all mediterranean systems (more than 40% for all five regions). Species differed in their likelihood to become established, although success was not higher for those originating from mediterranean systems than for those from nonmediterranean regions. Controlling for this taxonomic effect with generalized linear mixed models, species introduced into mediterranean islands did not show higher establishment success than those introduced to the mainland. Susceptibility to avian invaders, however, differed substantially among the different mediterranean regions. The probability that a species will become established was highest in the Mediterranean Basin and lowest in mediterranean Australia and the South African Cape. Our results suggest that many of the birds recently introduced into mediterranean systems, and especially into the Mediterranean Basin, have a high potential to establish self-sustaining populations. This finding has important implications for conservation in these biologically diverse hotspots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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10. Conservation Priorities for Chukar Partridge in Israel Based on Genetic Diversity across an Ecological Gradient.
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Kark, Salit, Alkon, Philip U., Safriel, Uriel N., and Randi, Ettore
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BIODIVERSITY , *ECOLOGY - Abstract
Recent studies suggest that patterns of genetic diversity significantly influence the viability and persistence of local populations. Revealing and mapping spatial patterns of genetic diversity within species’ ranges may be vital when defining criteria and prioritizing areas for conservation. Chukar Partridges (Alectoris chukar) in Israel occur along a steep ecogeographical gradient extending from mesic Mediterranean zones in the north to steppe and desert regions in the south. To test the hypothesis that the most genetically diverse populations within a species’ range occur within the ecotone, an area of transition between ecosystems where a sharp environmental gradient exists, we examined the allozyme diversity of chukars collected at five locations within the species’ continuous range in each of 2 years. Based on 32 allozyme loci, the genetic diversity of chukars increased significantly along a gradient from populations in Mediterranean regions to those at the ecotone in the northern Negev desert, despite close geographical proximity among populations. Genetic diversity as estimated by percent polymorphic loci, observed and expected heterozygosity, and mean number of alleles was not homogeneous among sampling localities: single and multilocus Hardy-Weinberg and linkage disequilibria increased along the gradient toward the ecotone. Populations exhibited some isolation by distance effects in the face of substantial gene flow. We therefore recommend that higher conservation priority be assigned to the Mediterranean-Negev ecotone area. For Chukar Partridges, it supports the highest overall genetic diversity as well as unique alleles. Priorities for other populations, moreover, can also be set based on their genetic diversity across ecological gradients. Rapid urbanization of Israeli landscapes threatens to disrupt unique and perhaps essential genetic connections among chukar populations, and management of chukars in Israel within a... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1999
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11. Tracking invasive birds: a programme for implementing dynamic open inquiry learning and conservation education.
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Zion, Michal, Spektor‐Levy, Ornit, Orchan, Yotam, Shwartz, Assaf, Sadeh, Irit, and Kark, Salit
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CONSERVATION of natural resources study & teaching , *JUNIOR high school students , *ORNITHOLOGY , *ENVIRONMENTAL literacy , *BIRD ecology - Abstract
Among potential topics in the new science of biodiversity, understanding the characteristics and impact of invasive birds is an attractive subject to include as part of junior high school biology studies. Birds are aesthetic and raise curiosity. Curiosity about birds, combined with field observations, can stimulate students to ask authentic questions. As birds are among the few wild vertebrates that one can easily observe, students can easily develop systematic methods to answer their questions and initiate a dynamic open inquiry process. The educational project ‘Tracking Invasive Birds’, presented here as a case study, is the result of a unique collaboration among conservation biologists, science educators and biology teachers. High school students participated in an open inquiry process facilitated by teachers, ecologists, and science educators. At the end of the inquiry process, these high school students conducted a bird watching tour for junior high school students. This paper shows how investigating a conservation environmental issue – invasive birds – contributes to the development of both dynamic open inquiry skills and environmental literacy among 11th‐ and 12th‐grade students. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2011
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12. Space invaders; biological invasions in marine conservation planning
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Joachim Claudet, Carlo Cerrano, Drosos Koutsoubas, Serena Felline, Tessa Mazor, Antonio Terlizzi, Fiorenza Micheli, Simonetta Fraschetti, Roberto Danovaro, Sylvaine Giakoumi, Bastien Mérigot, Jean-Baptiste Ledoux, Stelios Katsanevakis, François Guilhaumon, Marta Coll, Salit Kark, Faculté de Sciences, EA 4228 ECOMERS, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions (ARC CEED), School of BioSciences [Melbourne], Faculty of Science [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne-Faculty of Science [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne-Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University)-University of Queensland [Brisbane]-Australian National University (ANU)-The University of Western Australia (UWA), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento [Lecce], Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), LMI ICEMASA, University of Cape Town, National Marine Park of Zakynthos, Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (Universidade do Porto) (CIMAR/CIIMAR ), CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Hopkins Marine Station [Stanford], Stanford University, Department of Marine Sciences [Aegean], University of the Aegean, Giakoumi, Sylvaine, Guilhaumon, Françoi, Kark, Salit, Terlizzi, Antonio, Claudet, Joachim, Felline, Serena, Cerrano, Carlo, Coll, Marta, Danovaro, Roberto, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Koutsoubas, Droso, Ledoux Jean, Batiste, Mazor, Tessa, Mérigot, Bastien, Micheli, Fiorenza, Katsanevakis, Stelios, University of Queensland, Australian Research Council, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), The Pew Charitable Trusts, and Ledoux, Jean Batiste
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0106 biological sciences ,alien specie ,marine protected area ,biological invasions ,Biodiversity ,Introduced species ,biological invasion ,alien species ,marine biogeographic regions ,Mediterranean ,01 natural sciences ,invasion ecology ,Critical habitat ,Marxan ,Marine protected areas ,marine biogeographic region ,management actions ,Ecology ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,Marine reserve ,conservation planning ,impacts ,marine protected areas ,Mediterranean Sea ,Habitat ,Impacts ,Marine biogeographic regions ,impact ,invasional meltdown ,Marine conservation ,Management actions ,Biotic interactions ,Alien species ,Biology ,functional ecology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,alien species, biological invasions, conservation planning, impacts, management actions, marine biogeographic regions, marine protected areas, Mediterranean Sea ,14. Life underwater ,Biological invasions ,Conservation planning ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,fish ,biotic resistance ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,15. Life on land ,ecological traits ,management action ,13. Climate action ,Marine protected area ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,community ecology - Abstract
Giakoumi, Sylvaine ... et al.-- 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, supporting information https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12491.-- Data accessibility: Critical habitats GIS layers (distribution of seagrass meadows Posidonia oceanica and coralligenous formations) used in this article are available on MedOBIS database: http://lifewww-00.her.hcmr.gr:8080/medobis/resource.do?r=posidonia, http://life www-00.her.hcmr.gr:8080/medobis/resource.do?r=coralligenous. Endemic fish GIS layers are available on Ecological Archives: http://www.esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E096/203/#data, Aim: Biological invasions are major contributors to global change and native biodiversity decline. However, they are overlooked in marine conservation plans. Here, we examine for the first time the extent to which marine conservation planning research has addressed (or ignored) biological invasions. Furthermore, we explore the change of spatial priorities in conservation plans when different approaches are used to incorporate the presence and impacts of invasive species. Location: Global analysis with a focus on the Mediterranean Sea region. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review consisting of three steps: (1) article selection using a search engine, (2) abstract screening and (3) review of pertinent articles, which were identified in the second step. The information extracted included the scale and geographical location of each case study as well as the approach followed regarding invasive species. We also applied the software Marxan to produce and compare conservation plans for the Mediterranean Sea that either protect, or avoid areas impacted by invasives, or ignore the issue. One case study focused on the protection of critical habitats, and the other on endemic fish species. Results: We found that of 119 papers on marine spatial plans in specific biogeographic regions, only three (2.5%) explicitly took into account invasive species. When comparing the different conservation plans for each case study, we found that the majority of selected sites for protection (ca. 80%) changed in the critical habitat case study, while this proportion was lower but substantial (27%) in the endemic fish species case study. Main conclusions: Biological invasions are being widely disregarded when planning for conservation in the marine environment across local to global scales. More explicit consideration of biological invasions can significantly alter spatial conservation priorities. Future conservation plans should explicitly account for biological invasions to optimize the selection of marine protected areas, G. was supported by ARC CEED (University of Queensland) funding and the ANR project PAVIS; S. Kark by the Australian Research Council; J.C. by ERa-Net BiodivERsA (BUFFER project); R.D. by the programme DEVOTES (7FP); S.F. by the EU Project COCONET (7FP, Grant Agreement No. 287844); M.C. by a Marie Curie Career Integration Grant Fellowship (PCIG10-GA-2011-303534); and J.B.L by a post-doctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/74400/2010) from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. F.M. acknowledges the support of the Pew Charitable Trust
- Published
- 2016
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