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1. Drivers of large carnivore density in non‐hunted, multi‐use landscapes

Author

Allison L. Devlin, Jacqueline L. Frair, Peter G. Crawshaw Jr, Luke T. B. Hunter, Fernando R. Tortato, Rafael Hoogesteijn, Nathaniel Robinson, Hugh S. Robinson, and Howard B. Quigley

Subjects
density, herbivore, livestock, Panthera onca, protected area, spatially‐explicit capture‐recapture, Ecology, QH540-549.5, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Abstract Protected areas serve as population strongholds for many large carnivores, with multi‐use landscapes along their borders forming the front‐lines of wildlife conservation. Understanding large carnivore population dynamics within working landscapes is difficult where anthropogenic mortality is high and unregulated. This study focused on working ranches, where killing jaguars (Panthera onca) and their prey was prohibited, to gain insight into jaguar population potential across multi‐use landscapes. Faced with forest fragmentation, presence of domestic livestock, and dynamic land‐use practices, we expected jaguar populations in working landscapes to be predominantly male and transient, with low cub production, and inflated population densities in remnant forest patches, versus protected areas where we expected native forest habitat and stable jaguar territories. Using camera traps and spatial‐capture recapture analyses, we observed that male jaguars demonstrated larger‐scale movements and were more detectable than females (0.07 ± 0.01 SE vs. 0.02 ± 0.01 SE) in both working and protected landscapes. Female jaguars in ranches traveled farther than females in parks. Carnivore density increased with forest cover and wild prey activity, decreased with domestic prey activity, and was marginally higher in ranches (4.08 individuals/100 km2 ± 0.73 SE) than in parks (3.59 individuals/100 km2 ± 0.64 SE). Females outnumbered males in both landscapes (2.20–2.60 females/100 km2 vs. ~1.60 males/100 km2), although local male density reached up to 11.00 males/100 km2 in ranches (vs. 3.50 males/100 km2 in parks). While overall jaguar density was patchier in protected areas (x̿ = 0.69 parks, 0.54 ranches), inter‐annual patchiness was higher within ranches (Moran's I = 0.49–0.60 ranches, 0.69–0.70 parks), reflecting changes in cattle management. Despite major habitat alterations, working landscapes can support carnivore densities equivalent to (or exceeding that of) unmodified forest habitat, provided that wildlife‐tolerant ranching practices are maintained.

Published
2023
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2. Predação de gado por onças no Pantanal: características, dinâmica e o conflito com fazendeiros

Author

Sandra Cavalcanti, Peter Gransden Crawshaw Jr., and Silvio Marchini

Subjects
animal-problema, conflito humano-fauna, dimensões humanas, monitoramento animal, pantaneiro, panthera onca, Mineralogy, QE351-399.2, Paleontology, QE701-760, Natural history (General), QH1-278.5, Life, QH501-531, Ecology, QH540-549.5, Botany, QK1-989, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

O Pantanal é uma área importante para a conservação da onça-pintada (Panthera onca) e da onça-parda (Puma concolor). No entanto, o bioma possui peculiaridades que tornam a conservação de grandes felinos complexa e desafiadora. A predação do gado gera conflitos entre onças e fazendeiros, que tradicionalmente resultam na eliminação oportunista, porém sistemática, dos predadores. Por outro lado, é crescente entre os fazendeiros o reconhecimento da necessidade de conservar as onças, desde que seja resolvido, ou pelo menos diminuído em níveis toleráveis, o prejuízo que elas causam. Nesse contexto, é importante entender a dinâmica da predação, a fim de identificar ações que possam diminuir efetivamente o seu impacto econômico. Aspectos culturais também têm grande importância, influenciando diretamente na decisão de abater uma onça ou tolerar sua presença. Neste artigo, apresentamos e discutimos as características e a dinâmica da predação de espécies nativas e do gado doméstico por onças no Pantanal, em particular a onça-pintada. Além disso, descrevemos aspectos pessoais, sociais e culturais do conflito, e discutimos suas implicações para a conservação das onças, destacando a importância de entender e envolver os diferentes atores ligados à conservação dessas espécies.

Published
2021
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4. MAMÍFEROS DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO IGUAÇU

Author

Mauro Galetti, Nelio Roberto dos Reis, Marina Xavier da Silva, Adaildo Policena, Gledson Vigiano Bianconi, Peter Crawshaw-JR, José Flávio Cândido-Jr., Paula Ferracioli, Marcela Figuerêdo Duarte Moraes, Carlos Rodrigo Brocardo, and Marcelo Passamani

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Geography, Ecology, 010607 zoology, Atlantic forest, Forestry, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

O estabelecimento de areas protegidas tem sido uma das ferramentas mais efetivas na conservacao da biodiversidade em todo mundo. No Brasil, os primeiros parques nacionais foram estabelecidos na decada de 1930, dos quais o Parque Nacional do Iguacu (PARNA Iguacu) foi o segundo a ser criado, em 1939, tendo como proposito proteger as mundialmente famosas Cataratas do Iguacu e a ate entao primitiva floresta subtropical do oeste paranaense. Contudo, apesar da longa data desde sua criacao, este parque apresenta uma serie de lacunas de informacoes sobre sua biodiversidade, fator que compromete nao so o conhecimento cientifico sobre esse importante remanescente de Mata Atlântica, mas igualmente o manejo da area. Nesse trabalho sao apresentados resultados de um intenso esforco em campo com amostragem de mamiferos (mais de 15 mil armadilhas fotograficas-dia para medios e grandes mamiferos, e quase 8 mil armadilhas-noite para pequenos), registro de mamiferos atropelados em rodovias dentro e as margens do PARNA Iguacu, alem de revisao bibliografica sobre a mastofauna do PARNA Iguacu, com o objetivo de reunir e sintetizar o conhecimento sobre esse grupo. Foram registradas 84 especies de mamiferos silvestres (incluindo tres exoticas) para o PARNA Iguacu, e mais 18 especies com distribuicao potencial nessa area. Estes resultados colocam o PARNA Iguacu como uma das areas protegidas mais ricas em especies de mamiferos da Mata Atlântica, devendo assim ser considerado como uma area prioritaria para a conservacao do grupo. O isolamento e a caca ilegal sao provavelmente as principais ameacas a persistencia de muitas especies, havendo a necessidade de aumento de medidas de protecao e manejo. Ampliar a pesquisa cientifica no PARNA Iguacu tambem e uma medida necessaria para melhor conhecer e proteger o ultimo grande remanescente de Mata Atlântica no interior do Brasil. MAMMALS OF IGUACU NATIONAL PARK The creation of protected areas has proven to be one of the most effective tools for the conservation of biodiversity worldwide. In Brazil, the first national parks were established in the 1930s, of which Iguacu National Park (PARNA Iguacu) was the second to be created, in 1939, to protect the world-famous Iguacu Falls and the pristine subtropical forest of the western portion of Parana State. However, despite the time since its creation, there are still considerable gaps in the knowledge on its biodiversity, affecting not only scientific information about this important remnant of Atlantic forest, but also management of the area. We present herein the results of an intensive field effort to sample mammals in this site (more than 15 thousand camera-trap-days for large and medium sized species, and nearly 8 thousand trap-nights for small sized ones), roadkilled mammals at the PARNA Iguacu interior and vicinity, besides a bibliographical review on the mammalian species recorded in the PARNA Iguacu, aiming to gather and synthesize the knowledge about this group. Eighty-four species were recorded for PARNA Iguacu (including three exotic species), and another 18 species may occur. These results place PARNA Iguacu as one of the richest areas in mammals in the Atlantic Forest and, thus, should be considered as a priority area for mammal conservation. Isolation and poaching are the main threats to many of the species, requiring urgent increase in the measures of the protection and management. Expanding scientific research in the PARNA Iguacu is a crucial measure to better understand and protect the last large remnant of Atlantic forest in the interior of Brazil.

Published
2019
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5. Sustainability Agenda for the Pantanal Wetland: Perspectives on a Collaborative Interface for Science, Policy, and Decision-Making

Author

Neiva Maria Robaldo Guedes, Maxwell da Rosa Oliveira, Gustavo Graciolli, Flávia A. S. Araujo, Arnaud Leonard Jean Desbiez, Vanderlei Doniseti Acassio dos Reis, Walfrido Moraes Tomas, José Sabino, Cátia Nunes da Cunha, Maristela Benites, Alessandro Pacheco Nunes, Victor Lemes Landeiro, Damián I. Rumiz, Rafael D. Guariento, Zilca Campos, Diogo B. Provete, Peter G. Crawshaw, Marivaine da Silva Brasil, Wolfgang J. Junk, André Luís Ribeiro Lacerda, Gecele Matos Paggi, Francisco Valente-Neto, Vivian Almeida Assunção, Pierre Girard, Reinaldo Lourival, Maria Rosângela Sigrist, A. C. Catella, Geraldo Alves Damasceno Junior, Sandra Aparecida Santos, Fabio de Oliveira Roque, Andréa Cardoso Araujo, Felipe A. Dias, Solange C. Ikeda, Gabriel Oliveira de Freitas, Ieda Maria Bortolotto, Francisco Severo-Neto, Peter Leimgruber, Sandra Mara Araújo Crispim, Jerry Penha, Raquel Soares Juliano, Fábio Padilha Bolzan, Pierre-Cyril Renaud, Julio F. A. Fernandes, Fabiana Lopes Rocha, Rudi Ricardo Laps, Igor Alexandre Hany Fuzeta Schabib Péres, Diego Francis Passos Viana, Rafael Hoogesteijn, Diego José Santana, Guellity M. F. Pereira, Patricia Emilia Medici, Letícia Koutchin Reis, Erica C. de Arruda, Michele Sato, Larissa Sayuri Moreira Sugai, Maria Antonia Carniello, Rafaela D. Nicola, Viviane Maria Guedes Layme, Nely Tocantins, Simone Mamede, Maria Ana Farinaccio, Karl-L. Schuchmann, Suzana Maria Salis, Erich Fischer, Julia C. Boock, Fábio Galvani, André Restel Camilo, Letícia Couto Garcia, Marinêz Isaac Marques, Rafael Morais Chiaravalloti, B. M. A. Soriano, Nelson Rufino de Albuquerque, Heitor Miraglia Herrera, Onélia Carmem Rossetto, Márcia Divina de Oliveira, Franco L. Souza, Leandro Dênis Battirola, Ângela Lúcia Bagnatori Sartori, Arnildo Pott, Gabriel P. Faggioni, Maria Helena da Silva Andrade, João Batista de Pinho, Carolina Carvalho Cheida, Carolina Joana da Silva, Mauricio Almeida-Gomes, Donald P. Eaton, Aguinaldo Silva, Thamy De Almeida Moreira, Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato, Gláucia Helena Fernandes Seixas, Lúcia Aparecida de Fátima Mateus, Rosana N. Moraes, João Onofre Pereira Pinto, Edna Scremin-Dias, Carolina Martins Garcia, Catia Urbanetz, Guilherme Mourão, Danilo Bandini Ribeiro, Aiesca Oliveira Pellegrin, Fernando R. Tortato, Daniel Luis Zanella Kantek, Laercio M. Sousa, André L. Siqueira, Carlos Eduardo Fragoso, Vanda Lúcia Ferreira, Davidson Gomes Nogueira, Débora K. S. Marques, Ana Cristyna Reis Lacerda, Thiago J. Izzo, Alexine Keuroghlian, Alberto Yanosky, Aurea S. Garcia, Angélica Guerra, Christine Strüssmann, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CR), CHUM-Hôpital Notre-Dame, Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG-Angers), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), WALFRIDO MORAES TOMAS, CPAP, RONALDO G. MORATO, ICMBio/CNAP, PATRÍCIA EMÍLIA MÉDICI, IPE, RAFAEL M. CHIARAVALLOTI, IPE, FERNANDO R. TORTATO, PANTHERA, POCONÉ, MT, JERRY M. F. PENHA, UFMS, THIAGO J. IZZO, UFMT, LETICIA C. GARCIA, UFMS, REINALDO F. F. LOURIVAL, NATURE AND CULTURE INTERNATIONAL - NCI, PIERRE GIRARD, UFMT, NELSON R. ALBUQUERQUE, UFMS, MAURICIO ALMEIDA-GOMES, UFMS, MARIA H. DA SILVA ANDRADE, UFMS, FLAVIA A. S. ARAÚJO, WWW-Brasil, ANDREA C. ARAÚJO, UFMS, ERICA C. DE ARRUDA, UFMT/INAU, VIVIAN A. ASSUNÇÃO, UFMS, LEANDRO D. BATTIROLA, UFMT, MARISTELA BENITES, INSTITUTO MAMEDE DE PESQUISA AMBIENTAL E ECOTURISMO, FABIO P. BOLZAN, UFMS, JULIA C. BOOCK, WWW-Brasil, IEDA M. BORTOLOTTO, UFMS, MARIVAINE DA SILVA BRASIL, UFMS-CPAN, ANDRE R. CAMILO, XARAYES, ZILCA MARIA DA SILVA CAMPOS, CPAP, MARIA A. CARNIELLO, UNEMAT, AGOSTINHO CARLOS CATELLA, CPAP, CAROLINA C. CHEIDA, ICB, PETER G. CRAWSHAW JR., ICMBio/CENAP, SANDRA MARA ARAUJO CRISPIM, CPAP, GERALDO A. D. JUNIOR, UFMS, ARNAUD L. J. DESBIEZ, ICAS, FELIPE A. DIAS, SOS Pantanal, DONALD P. EATON, WWW-Brasil, GABRIEL P. FAGGIONI, IFMS - Campus Corumbá, MARIA A. FARINACCIO, UFMS-CPAN, JULIO F. A. FERNANDES, MUPAN, VANDA L. FERREIRA, UFMS, ERICH A. FISCHER, UFMS, CARLOS E. FRAGOSO, ASSOCIAÇÃO ONÇAFARI, GABRIEL O. FREITAS, UFMS-CPAN/XARAYES, FABIO GALVANI, CPAP, CAROLINA M. GARCIA, INDEPENDENT RESEARCHER, BRAZIL, GUSTAVO GRACIOLLI, UFMS, RAFAEL D. GUARIENTO, UFMS, NEIVA M. R. GUEDES, INSTITUTO ARARA AZUL/UNIDERP, ANGÉLICA GUERRA, UFMS, HEITOR M. HERRERA, UCDB, RAFAEL HOOGESTEIJN, PANTHERA, POCONÉ, MT., SOLANGE C. IKEDA, UNEMAT, RAQUEL SOARES JULIANO, CPAP, DANIEL L. Z. K. KANTEK, ICMBio, ALEXINE KEUROGHLIAN, IUCN/SSC, ANA C. R. LACERDA, INPE, ANDRÉ L. R. LACERDA, UFMT, VICTOR L. LANDEIRO, UFMT, RUDI R. LAPS, UFMS, VIVIANE LAYME, UFMT, PETER LEIMGRUBER, SMITHSONIAN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY INSTITUTE, FABIANA L. ROCHA, UFPB, SIMONE MAMEDE, INSTITUTO MAMEDE DE PESQUISA AMBIENTAL E ECOTURISMO, DEBORA KARLA SILVESTRE MARQUES, CPAP, MARINEZ I. MARQUES, UFMT, LÚCIA A. F. MATEUS, UFMT, ROSANA N. MORAES, SMITHSONIAN CONSERVATION BIOLOGY INSTITUTE, THAMY A. MOREIRA, INSTITUTO ARARA AZUL, GUILHERME DE MIRANDA MOURAO, CPAP, RAFAELA D. NICOLA, MUPAN, DAVIDSON G. NOGUEIRA, UFMS, ALESSANDRO P. NUNES, INDEPENDENT RESEARCHER, BRAZIL, CATIA NUNES DA CUNHA, UFMT/CPP/INAU, MARCIA DIVINA DE OLIVEIRA, CPAP, MAXWELL R. OLIVEIRA, UFMS/XARAYES, GECELE M. PAGGI, UFMS-CPAN, AIESCA OLIVEIRA PELLEGRIN, CPAP, GUELLITY M. F. PEREIRA, UFMS, IGOR ALEXANDRE HANY FUZETA S PERES, CPAP, JOÃO B. PINHO, UFMT, ARNILDO POTT, UFMS, DIOGO B. PROVETE, UFMS, VANDERLEI DONISETI ACASSIO DOS REIS, CPAP, LETÍCIA K. DOS REIS, UFMS, PIERRE-CYRIL RENAUD, UNIVERSITÉ D’ANGERS, FRANCE, DANILO B. RIBEIRO, UFMS, ONELIA C. ROSSETTO, UFMT, JOSÉ SABINO, UNIDERP, DAMIÁN RUMIZ, MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL NOEL KEMPFF MERCADO, SUZANA MARIA DE SALIS, CPAP, DIEGO J. SANTANA, UFMS, SANDRA APARECIDA SANTOS, CPAP, ÂNGELA L. SARTORI, UFMS, MICHELE SATO, UFMT, KARL-L. SCHUCHMANN, CO.BRA Computational Bioacustics Research Unit, INAU- CNPq/UFMT, EDNA SCREMIN-DIAS, UFMS, GLÁUCIA H. F. SEIXAS, FUNDAÇÃO NEOTRÓPICA DO BRASIL, FRANCISCO SEVERO-NETO, UFMS, MARIA R. SIGRIST, UFMS, AGNALDO SILVA, UFMS-CPAN, CAROLINA J. SILVA, UNEMAT, ANDRÉ L. SIQUEIRA, Eco, BALBINA MARIA ARAUJO SORIANO, CPAP, LAERCIO M. SOUSA, REPAMS, FRANCO L. SOUZA, UFMS, CHRISTINE STRUSSMANN, UFMT, LARISSA S. M. SUGAI, UNESP, NELY TOCANTINS, UFMT, CATIA URBANETZ, CPAP, FRANCISCO VALENTE-NETO, UFMS, DIEGO P. VIANA, UFMS, ALBERTO YANOSKY, ASSOCIACIÓN GUYRA PARAGUAY, WOLFGANG J. JUNK, UFMT/CPP/INAU., AUREA S. GARCIA, MUPAN, and FABIO DE OLIVEIRA ROQUE, UFMS

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Public policy, Face (sociological concept), Wetland, Development, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Education, wetlands, Politics, 11. Sustainability, Environmental planning, development, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, biodiversity, Sustainable development, geography, education, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Pantanal, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, sustainability, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Sustainability, 13. Climate action, Wetlands, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Science policy, Business, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Building bridges between environmental and political agendas is essential nowadays in face of the increasing human pressure on natural environments, including wetlands. Wetlands provide critical ecosystem services for humanity and can generate a considerable direct or indirect income to the local communities. To meet many of the sustainable development goals, we need to move our trajectory from the current environmental destructive development to a wiser wetland use. The current article contain a proposed agenda for the Pantanal aiming the improvement of public policy for conservation in the Pantanal, one of the largest, most diverse, and continuous inland wetland in the world. We suggest and discuss a list of 11 essential interfaces between science, policy, and development in region linked to the proposed agenda. We believe that a functional science network can booster the collaborative capability to generate creative ideas and solutions to address the big challenges faced by the Pantanal wetland. Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-27T00:39:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SustainabilityAgenda2019.pdf: 7046678 bytes, checksum: 95e607f5662246d9f5e01cf9b656b030 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Published
2019
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