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Dijkstra, Henk H., Beu, Alan G. (2018): Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae). Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 70 (2): 113-330, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.70.2018.1670, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.70.2018.1670

Twenty species of Pectinoidea (12 Propeamussiidae, three Cyclochlamydidae, five Pectinidae) are herein listed. Six new species of Pectinoidea (three Propeamussiidae, three Cyclochlamydidae) are from littoral and bathyal depths of the western and southwestern Pacific, sampled by various expeditions and cruises to Papua New Guinea and the South China Sea, viz. Propeamussium regillum n. sp. from the bathyal Bismarck and Solomon Seas, Parvamussium minusculum n. sp. from the lower bathyal South China Sea, Cyclopecten inoculatus n. sp. from the bathyal Bismarck Sea, Cyclochlamys corrugata n. sp., Cyclochlamys barbatula n. sp. and Micropecten reticulatus n. sp. from shallow coastal waters of Papua New Guinea. Fourteen species of Pectinoidea (nine Propeamussiidae, five Pectinidae) are new records for the Bismarck Sea (five), for the Solomon Sea (four), and for the South China Sea (seven).

Twenty-five species of Pectinoidea (24 Propeamussiidae, 1 Cyclochlamydidae) are herein listed from the Mozambique Channel, northwestern and southern Madagascar, and northeastern South Africa. New species: Propeamussium rosadoi, Parvamussium catillus, Parvamussium kilburni, Parvamussium puillandrei, Parvamussium strongae, Cyclopecten cassiculus, Cyclopecten kantori, Cyclochlamys bacachorda. New synonym: Amussium sewelli Knudsen, 1967 = Propeamussium watsoni (E.A. Smith, 1885). New records for the Mozambique Channel and northwestern Madagascar: Propeamussium andamanicum, Propeamussium arabicum, Propeamussium caducum, Propeamussium jeffreysii, Propeamussium sibogai, Propeamussium watsoni, Parvamussium formosum, Parvamussium scitulum, Parvamussium torresi, Parvamussium vesiculatum, Cyclopecten kapalae, Similipecten eous. New records for southern Madagascar: Propeamussium jeffreysii, Propeamussium sibogai, Propeamussium watsoni, Parvamussium formosum, Parvamussium scitulum, Parvamussium thyrideum, Par...

A new species of the bivalve family Cyclochlamydidae is described from the southwestern Atlantic in Argentine waters. Cyclochlamys argentina sp. nov. is the second representative of the genus known to live in the Magellanic area. In addition, this long-lived species is also recorded from lower Miocene rocks in the province of Santa Cruz exposed along the Atlantic coast of the Monte León National Park. The material was collected from the Punta Entrada Member of the Monte León Formation. These small mollusks clearly belong in Cyclochlamys because of shell characters such as the irregularly pitted prodissoconch I and right valve with commarginally elongated rectangular prisms over most of disc. Cyclochlamys argentina sp. nov. shows affinities with taxa such as C. aupouria and C. shepherdi, all of which are known from areas of New Zealand. Fil: Pastorino, Roberto Santiago Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina Fil: Griffin, Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleozoología Invertebrados; Argentina

Eighteen species of Pectinoidea (six Propeamussiidae Abbott, 1954, one Entoliidae Teppner, 1922, eleven Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815) are listed from the Tarava Seamounts, Society Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. Four Propeamussiidae species (Parvamussium lamellatum n. sp., Parvamussium scutulatum n. sp., Parvamussium vesiculosum n. sp., Cyclopecten comptulus n. sp.) are new to science.

This paper describes 97 molluskan species (45 Bivalvia, 3 Scaphopoda, 49 Gastropoda) recovered from bathyal bottoms off Santa Maria di Leuca (Puglia, Italy), in the northern Ionian Sea, and provides data about their taxonomy, geographical distribution, habitat, ecological requirements and fossil record. Only 6 species remain unidentified, and all are illustrated. The bivalve-dominated assemblages belong to the so-called "cold-water coral ecosystem". They appear to depend mainly on substrate characteristics, with faunas related to hard substrate around coral-colonized mound tops, and mud-related ones in inter-mound areas, respectively. Nuculanoida and Pectinoidea among bivalves, and Conoidea and Pyramidelloidea among gastropods are the most diverse suprafamilial groups. The present paper is the first comprehensive taxonomic overview of Mediterranean bathyal mollusks including larval shell characters.

The undescribed ommatidium-like ectopic pallial eyes of three Mediterranean species of Glycymeris have been studied and compared with those of the eastern Atlantic G. glycymeris. Wide interspecific variation in eye size between the taxa is recorded with those of G. bimaculata being the largest, G. nummaria the smallest and G. pilosa and G. glycymeris of intermediate and similar dimensions. Such differences result primarily from interspecific variations in the numbers and sizes of the ommatidium-like rhabdomes. The consequences of this will be the differences in abilities to create a summed image and thereby reduce visual acuity. Other bivalves, such as the Pectinoidea, have shown eye size differences in relation to depth. Glycymeris bimaculata, with the largest eyes, occupies the shallowest depths; G. nummaria bears the smallest eyes and occupies the deepest depths. The genetically sister clusters of G. pilosa and G. glycymeris occupy intermediate depths. Accurate depth records for the four taxa blur this hypothesised trend, but comparative eye dimensions suggest it to be valid.

Twenty-nine species of Pectinoidea (12 Propeamussiidae, 1 Entoliidae, 16 Pectinidae) are recorded from the Austral Islands, the southernmost archipelago of French Polynesia. One genus (Pectinidae: Lamellipecten n. gen.) and five species (Propeamussiidae: Parvamussium australanum n. sp., Cyclochlamys australensis n. sp., Cyclopecten ambiguus n. sp.; Pectinidae: Lamellipecten aduncus n. gen., n. sp., Mimachlamys erycina n. sp.) are new to science, and most others are new records for the archipelago. The near-shore fauna of Rapa has 12 species of Pectinidae, and half of these have narrow-range distributions. Such a remarkably high level of marine endemism is shared by other mollusc taxa on Rapa.

The Icelandic pectinoid fauna is reviewed, based on material from the benthic survey programme BIOICE and 17 species are recorded. Similipecten oskarssoni is proposed as a replacement name for Pecten groenlandicus var. minor Locard, 1898 (Propeamussiidae), which is considered a valid species. Lectotypes are designated for Pecten groenlandicus var. minor and Pecten frigidus Jensen, 1904 (Pectinidae). Cyclopecten ambiannulatus Schein, 1989, Parvamussium propinquum (Smith, 1885), Catillopecten eucymatus (Dall, 1898), and Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) were previously not known from the Icelandic fauna. All species are figured and described and distinguishing characters are discussed. The distribution in Scandinavian and North Atlantic waters is revised based on the collections in SMNH. The low frequency of juvenile specimens of A. opercularis, Mimachlamys varia and Pecten maximus may indicate that Scandinavian populations are the result of very occasional recruitment.

The unique, double-retina, concave mirror eyes of scallops are abundant along the valve mantle margins. Scallops have the most acute vision among the bivalve molluscs, but little is known about how eyes vary between scallop species. We examined eye morphology by immunofluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy and calculated optical resolution and sensitivity for the swimming scallops Amusium balloti (Bernardi, 1861), Placopecten magellenicus (Gmelin, 1791), Argopecten irradians (Lamarck, 1819), Chlamys hastata (Sowerby, 1842), and Chlamys rubida (Hinds, 1845) and the sessile scallops Crassadoma gigantea (Gray, 1825) and Spondylus americanus (Hermann, 1781). We found that eye morphology varied considerably between scallop species. The eyes of A balloti and P. magellenicus had relatively large lenses and small gaps between the retinas and mirror, making them appear similar to those described previously for Pecten maximus (Linnaeus, 1758). In contrast, the other five species we examined had eyes ...

Two types of multi-cellular eyes have been identified in the Bivalvia. Paired cephalic eyes occurring internally above the anterior end of the ctenidia are seen only in representatives of the Arcoidea, Limopsoidea, Mytiloidea, Anomioidea, Ostreoidea, and Limoidea. These eyes, comprising a pit of photo-sensory cells and a simple lens, are thought to represent the earliest method of photoreception. Many shallow-water marine, estuarine, and freshwater bivalves also possess simple photoreceptive cells in the mantle that enable them to respond to shadows. In some other marine, shallow-water taxa, however, a second type of more complex photoreceptors has evolved. These comprise ectopic pallial eyes that can be divided into three broad categories, in terms of their locations on the (i) outer mantle fold in representatives of the Arcoidea, Limopsoidea, Pterioidea, and Anomioidea, (ii) middle fold in the Pectinoidea and Limoidea, and (iii) inner fold in the Cardioidea, Tridacnoidea, and Laternulidae (Ano...

This paper lists 22 pectinoid types (21 primary and one secondary) and three potential syntypes in the Museum of Natural History (ZMB) in Berlin. Eight lectotypes are designated herein for the stabilization of taxonomic names: Pecten aequatorialis, Pecten australis, Pecten clathratus, Camptonectes gaussianus, Pecten nigromaculatus, Pecten puncticulatus, Pecten pycnolepis and Pecten vesiculosus. Nomenclatural notes on the types and further specimens are provided and the current systematic positions of the covered taxa are reported.

Five species of epibenthic pycnogonids collected on the giant lion´s-paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus are recorded. A new species of Eurycyde, Eurycyde bamberi, is described. Of the 19 species known in this genus; the new species is closest to Eurycyde hispida Kroyer, 1844 but differs from it in the absence of plumose spines and the shapes of the lateral process, first coxa, and ocular tubercle. The new species represents the third member of Eurycyde from the eastern Pacific in addition to Eurycyde spinosa Hilton, 1916 and Eurycyde clitellaria Stock, 1955. Besides Eurycyde bamberi, the following species were collected: Nymphopsis duodorsospinosa Hilton, 1942c; Callipallene californiensis (Hall, 1913); Nymphon lituus Child, 1979; and Pycnogonum rickettsi Schmitt, 1934. Pycnogonum rickettsi is recorded for first time from Mexican waters, as is Nymphon lituus from the western coast of Baja California Peninsula. Each of these four species are re-described and re-illustrated in order to fill in existing gaps in the literature of the region.

Nineteen species of Pectinoidea (16 Propeamussiidae, 3 Pectinidae) are herein listed. All species from the Solomon Islands (9 species), and New Caledonia (Norfolk Ridge [7], main island of New Caledonia [1], Grand Passage [1], Coral Sea [1]) are new records. Two Propeamussiidae species are new to science: Parvamussium orbiculatum n. sp. (Solomon Islands and Coral Sea) and Parvamussium perspicuum n. sp. (Vanuatu). One pectinid species from Vanuatu (Juxtamusium sp.) will be described later, when more material becomes available.

Thirty five species of Pectinoidea (33 Pectinidae, 2 Propeamussiidae) are described from Hansa Bay, Papua New Guinea. Serratovola pallula n. sp. is here introduced as new to science. Lectotypes are designated of Pecten cloacatus Reeve, 1853 and Pecten tricarinatus Anton, 1838, and type localities are designated for Pecten vexillum Reeve, 1853, Pecten spectabilis Reeve, 1853, and Ostrea squamosa Gmelin, 1791.

The report is based on a collection of 344 samples of pectinoids from the Red Sea and adjacent waters. Four species of Propeamussiidae and 18 species of Pectinidae were recognized. One pectinid taxon, Mirapecten yaroni, is undescribed. Three taxa are new pectinid records for the area: Delectopecten musorstomi Poutiers, 1981, Glorichlamys quadrilirata (Lischke, 1870), and Mimachlamys andamanica (Preston, 1908). Gloripallium pallium (Linnaeus, 1758) is recorded as living in the area for the first time. Lectotypes are designated for Similipecten eous (Melvill in Melvill & Standen, 1907) Decatopecten flabelloides (Reeve, 1852), Coralichlamys madreporarum (G.B. Sowerby 2nd., 1842) and Semipallium crouchi (Smith, 1892). Type localities of 20 taxa and the depository of type material for 19 taxa a re given. All taxa are figured and extensive synonymy is presented. Intraspecific variation of most taxa is described. The total geographic distribution of each taxon is outlined. The following taxa may be ende...

Twenty-four pectinoidean species are recorded from Lord Howe Island (7 species), Norfolk Island (13 species) and the Kermadec Islands (14 species). Eighteen species are new records, and these are compared with similar species from the Australasian region. The following taxa are newly synonymised: Annachlamys leopardus rena Iredale, 1939 (= A. kuhnholtzi (Bernardi, 1860)), Chlamys cellularis Oliver, 1915 (= C. c. coruscans (Hinds, 1845)), Chlamys (Mimachlamys) asperrimoides Powell, 1958 (= M. senatoria (Gmelin, 1791)). Chlamydella favus lemchei Powell , 1958 is considered to be specifically distinct from Cyclopecten favus Hedley, 1902, and is referred to Cyclochlamys Finlay, 1926. Lectotypcs are for the following species designated: Hemipecten forbesianus A. Adams & Reeve, 1849, Ostrea senatoria Gmelin, 1791, and Ostrea porphyrea Gmelin, 1791.

Ten species of the genus Spondylus are recorded from South Africa and Mozambique (6 from South Africa, 9 from Mozambique). Of these, only Spondylus nicobaricus Schreibers , 1793, has been reported previously. Spondylus groschi from Mozambique and Natal is described as new. The remainder are widely distributed Indo-Pacific taxa: Spondylus cuneus Reeve, 1856, Spondylus sinensis Schreibers, 1793, Spondylus Occidens Sowerby, 1903, Spondylus sanguineus Dunker, 1852, Spondylus castus Reeve, 1856, Spondylus butleri Reeve, 1856, Spondylus flabellum Reeve, 1856, and Spondylus tenuispinosus Sowerby, 1847.

This paper documents the species of Pectinoidea Rafinesque, 1815 collected in Vanuatu during the SANTO 2006 expedition. A total of 49 species (13 Propeamussiidae Abbott, 1954, 4 Cyclochlamydidae n. fam., 1 Entoliidae Teppner, 1922, and 31 Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815) are represented, of which 70% are new records for Vanuatu. A new family, Cyclochlamydidae n. fam., is established for the genera Cyclochlamys Finlay, 1926, Chlamydella Iredale, 1929 and Micropecten n. gen., formerly placed in Propeamussiidae, but differing by their sculptured prodissoconch (smooth in Propeamussiidae), an occasionally antimarginally sculptured right valve (smooth or weak commarginally sculptured in Propeamussiidae), a (common) simple outer prismatic layer of longitudinally hexagonal microstructure on the right valve (an outer layer of columnar calcite in Propeamussiidae). The family Cyclochlamydidae n. fam. includes about 30 species, all with adult size in the 1.2-6 mm range, and living mainly in the Southern Hemisphere and Indo-West Pacific; the family is not known from the Arctic, the Atlantic, or the northern and eastern Pacific. One new genus, Micropecten n. gen., and two new species, Cyclochlamys aperta n. sp. and Micropecten excuratus n. gen., n. sp., are described.

A further specimen of the rare allochthonous scallop Chlamys lischkei was found at Schiavonea di Corigliano Calabro, Gulf of Corigliano (Cosenza), while SCUBA diving at a depth of about 30 m on a muddy detritic bottom. This new single record, the third for the entire Mediterranean Sea and the second for the Italian Seas, confirms the sporadic presence, often believed uncertain, of this species in the Mediterranean Sea.

The Triassic fossil record points to the monophyly of the Pectinoidea (scallops), all members of which have a triangular resilium with a nonmineralized medial core that functions below the hinge line. The elastic properties of this resilium in extant taxa predict that the initial adaptation of the Pectinoidea was to swimming. This is indeed corroborated by the shell form of Pernopecten, the earliest known pectinoidean genus, which ranged from late Devonian to earliest Triassic. The new family Entolioididae, a largely Triassic group, provides the missing link between the Pernopectinidae and the families Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae, and Pectinidae, all of which originated by the Middle Triassic and survive to the present day. A new Triassic genus Filamussium shows that the Propeamussiidae originated from the Entolioididae, not directly from the Pernopectinidae as previously supposed. Evidence from morphology, the fossil record, and molecular genetics indicates that the family Spondylidae originated in the Middle Jurassic from an ancestor within the Pectinidae, possibly the genus Spondylopecten, which was already present in the Late Triassic. Journal compilation © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 148, 313–342. No claim to original US government works

Two large bivalve specimens collected in Bay d’Espoir, a deep fjord situated on the south coast of Newfoundland, are described and identified as belonging to the species Acesta excavata (Fabricius 1779). In situ observations onboard the manned submersible PISCES IV and color videos have provided information on the vertical distribution, density and habitat of the species. Maximum abundances of about 15 large individuals/m2 occurred on sheltered rock outcrops at depth ranging from 550 to 775 m, where warm (6°C) continental slope water is found. Differences in shape and thickness between the valves of the two specimens appear to be related to the degree of exposure to rock falls (i.e., sheltered versus exposed habitat). Prior to this account, the European Giant File Clam had never been encountered west of the Azores Islands in the North Atlantic.