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The Chilean water penny genus Tychepsephus Waterhouse, 1876 is revised, with descriptions and photographic illustrations of life stages including two larval morphotypes, the pupa of one morphotype, and adults of two species. The pupa of Tychepsephus has not been reported previously. Tychepsephus cekalovicisp. nov. is described, and Ectopria (Chilectopria) grandis Pic, 1947, syn. nov. is proposed as a new synonym of Tychepsephus felix Waterhouse, 1876, which is redescribed. Taxonomic treatment of the adults of both species includes images of the habitus of males and females, morphological variation, and male and female genitalia. Males and females are sexually dimorphic. Information on the habitat of Tychepsephus is provided and illustrated with photographs, and the known geographic distribution of the two species is mapped. The occurrence of Tychepsephus in Argentina is reported; therefore, the genus no longer can be considered endemic to Chile. The taxonomic status and geographic distribution in South America of other species of Psephenidae, particularly members of the subfamily Eubriinae, is reviewed.

The three genera and four species of Larainae (Elmidae) previously described from Australia are reviewed, and one new genus and seven new species are described: Australara glaisterigen. et sp. nov., Ovolara lawrenceisp. nov., Ovolara monteithisp. nov., Stetholus carinatussp. nov., Stetholus longipennissp. nov., Stetholus metatibialissp. nov., and Stetholus woronorasp. nov. A lectotype is designated for Hydora laticeps (Carter & Zeck), and the first new collection records of the species are reported since its description in 1932. The occurrence in Australia of Potamophilinus papuanus Satô, described from Papua New Guinea, is reported. A key to the species, photographic images of the external morphology and male genitalia, distribution maps, and habitat and behavioral information, when known, are provided for all twelve species of Australian Larainae.

The history and original concept of Parygrus Erichson, 1847, is reviewed, the genus is redescribed, and the status of the type species, P. erichsoni Waterhouse, 1876, is clarified. The four original species are reviewed, with photographs provided for the type specimens of P. angustatus Grouvelle, 1896, P. elateroides Grouvelle, 1896, and P. erichsoni, and a non-type of P. parallelus (Grouvelle, 1890). The holotype of P. parallelus is apparently missing. The female holotype of P. erichsoni is redescribed. An associated male P. erichsoni specimen is compared with the holotype and the male genitalia are described and illustrated. General descriptions and provisional diagnoses are given for P. angustatus, P. elateroides and P. parallelus. Five new species (P. guarani new species, P. lengua new species, P. maya new species, P. quechua new species, P. zamuco new species) are proposed, illustrated, and their geographic distributions mapped. For the first time, the male genitalia of Parygrus species are described and illustrated. A provisional key to the species and an updated key to the Neotropical genera of Dryopidae are provided.

Platyparnus gen. n. is erected to include three species of Helichus Erichson, 1847, from the Guianas of northern South America. Proposed taxonomic reassignments are Platyparnus bollowi (Hinton, 193...

Amazonopsisgen. n.is described to includeA.theranyisp. n.from Peru, Venezuela and French Guiana, andA.camachoisp. n.from Venezuela. The descriptions are accompanied by figures illustrating the male and female habitus ofA.theranyi, the male habitus ofA.camachoi, and male genitalia of both species.Amazonopsistheranyiexhibits pronounced secondary sexual dimorphism which likewise may be a characteristic of the genus.Amazonopsismales have modified protarsal and mesotarsal claws, a pair of small spines on the anterior prosternum, and a pair of ventrally directed processes on the posterior metaventrite. Females ofA.theranyidisplay a pair of unique, oval perforations in the cuticle of the pronotum and have unmodified claws; females ofA.camachoiare unknown. Descriptions are furnished of the stream habitats and microhabitats where the study specimens were collected.

We studied regional- and local-scale occurrence of the threatened valley elderberry longhorn beetle (VELB) in central California to further understand population dynamics of this habitat specialist in fragmented riparian woodlands. In 1991 and 1997, we surveyed 65 riparian sites along the Sacramento River and 13 of its tributaries for VELB occurrence by examining elderberry bushes for characteristic emergence holes. We also compared VELB local abundance with that of its more common closest relative, the California elderberry longhorn beetle (CELB). Our research revealed that in the northern half of its geographic range, the VELB occurs in drainages that appear to function as distinct, relatively isolated metapopulations. Survey sites within drainages exhibited turnover in site occupancy between 1991 and 1997, but between-drainage site turnover was rare. Sites that were colonized in 1997 were surrounded by a greater number of occupied sites than those that were not colonized, suggesting that VELB colonization of isolated sites or drainages is constrained by limited dispersal. VELB exit holes consistently occurred: (1) in clumps of elderberry bushes rather than in isolated bushes in both survey years; (2) in elderberry branches 5–10 cm in diameter; and (3) in branches

Neoelmis guarani new species is described and illustrated from specimens collected in streams of the Cordillera de los Altos, southeast of Asuncion and near the towns of Piribebuy and Chololo, Paraguay. Males and females of this species exhibit strong secondary sexual dimorphism not found in other known species of Neoelmis . Males have striking modifications of the pro- and mesothoracic legs and bear a pair of ventrally projecting processes on both the mesoventrite and the second abdominal ventrite. Females have the elytra modified with a pair of dorsal projections.

Neoeubria inbionis , new genus and new species, is described from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama and Ecuador. All life stages are descibed and illustrated, and a key to adults of the Eubriinae genera of the Neotropics is provided. Neoeubria is one of the most basal genera of the Eubriinae.

We present the first comprehensive checklist of Amphipoda in Californian inland waters. Amphipod distributionrecords were based upon a thorough literature review and unpublished data of colleagues, as well as the collectionsof the authors. We report 62 species in 24 genera and 14 families, including 7 new taxa awaiting formal description.Sixteen species are exotic and at least 20 species are subterranean obligates. Endemicity is high: 40% of the nativefauna are limited to a single locale, typically a spring or cave stream, and another 3 species are known from just 2locales each. Conservation status rank revisions are offered in order to update the California Natural Diversity Da-tabase and IUCN Red List. Threats from invasive species are briefly discussed, as well as the use of amphipods as bioindicators.