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Scientists from different disciplines at ETH Zurich are developing a dynamic, harmonised, and user-centred earthquake risk framework for Switzerland, relying on a continuously evolving earthquake catalogue generated by the Swiss Seismological Service (SED) using the national seismic networks. This framework uses all available information to assess seismic risk at various stages and facilitates widespread dissemination and communication of the resulting information. Earthquake risk products and services include operational earthquake (loss) forecasting (OE(L)F), earthquake early warning (EEW), ShakeMaps, rapid impact assessment (RIA), structural health monitoring (SHM), and recovery and rebuilding efforts (RRE). Standardisation of products and workflows across various applications is essential for achieving broad adoption, universal recognition, and maximum synergies. In the Swiss dynamic earthquake risk framework, the harmonisation of products into seamless solutions that access the same databases, workflows, and software is a crucial component. A user-centred approach utilising quantitative and qualitative social science tools like online surveys and focus groups is a significant innovation featured in all products and services. Here we report on the key considerations and developments of the framework and its components. This paper may serve as a reference guide for other countries wishing to establish similar services for seismic risk reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientists at ETH Zurich from different disciplines are developing a dynamic, harmonised and user-centred earthquake risk framework for Switzerland, relying on a continuously evolving earthquake catalogue generated by the SED using the national seismic networks. This framework uses all available information to assess seismic risk at various stages and facilitates widespread dissemination and communication of the resulting information. Earthquake risk products and services include Operational Earthquake (Loss) Forecasting (OE[L]F), Earthquake Early Warning (EEW), ShakeMaps, Rapid Impact Assessment (RIA), Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), as well as Recovery and Rebuilding Efforts (RRE). Standardisation of products and workflows across various applications is essential for achieving broad adoption, universal recognition, and maximum synergies. In the Swiss dynamic earthquake risk framework, the harmonisation of products into seamless solutions that access the same databases, workflows, and software is a crucial component to ensure standardisation. A user-centred approach utilising quantitative and qualitative social science tools like online surveys and focus groups is a significant innovation featured in all products and services. Here we report on the key considerations and developments of the framework and its components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: We take advantage of the new large AlpArray Seismic Network (AASN) as part of the AlpArray research initiative (www.alparray.ethz.ch), to establish a consistent seismicity-catalogue for the greater Alpine region (GAR) for the time period 2016 January 1–2019 December 31. We use data from 1103 stations including the AASN backbone composed of 352 permanent and 276 (including 30 OBS) temporary broad-band stations (network code Z3). Although characterized by a moderate seismic hazard, the European Alps and surrounding regions have a higher seismic risk due to the higher concentration of values and people. For these reasons, the GAR seismicity is monitored and routinely reported in catalogues by a 11 national and 2 regional seismic observatories. The heterogeneity of these data set limits the possibility of extracting consistent information by simply merging to investigate the GAR's seismicity as a whole. The uniformly spaced and dense AASN provides, for the first time, a unique opportunity to calculate high-precision hypocentre locations and consistent magnitude estimation with uniformity and equal uncertainty across the GAR. We present a new, multistep, semi-automatic method to process ∼50 TB of seismic signals, combining three different software. We used the SeisComP3 for the initial earthquake detection, a newly developed Python library ADAPT for high-quality re-picking, and the well-established VELEST algorithm both for filtering and final location purposes. Moreover, we computed new local magnitudes based on the final high-precision hypocentre locations and re-evaluation of the amplitude observations. The final catalogue contains 3293 seismic events and is complete down to local magnitude 2.4 and regionally consistent with the magnitude 3+ of national catalogues for the same time period. Despite covering only 4 yr of seismicity, our catalogue evidences the main fault systems and orogens' front in the region, that are documented as seismically active by the EPOS-EMSC manually revised regional bulletin for the same time period. Additionally, we jointly inverted for a new regional minimum 1-D P -wave velocity model for the GAR and station delays for both permanent station networks and temporary arrays. These results provide the base for a future re-evaluation of the past decades of seismicity, and for the future seismicity, eventually improving seismic-hazard studies in the region. Moreover, we provide a unique, consistent seismic data set fundamental to further investigate this complex and seismically active area. The catalogue, the minimum 1-D P -wave velocity model, and station delays associated are openly shared and distributed with a permanent DOI listed in the data availability section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report summarizes the seismicity in Switzerland and surrounding regions in the years 2015 and 2016. In 2015, the Swiss Seismological Service detected and located 735 earthquakes in the region under consideration. With a total of 20 earthquakes of magnitude ML ≥ 2.5, the seismic activity of potentially felt events in 2015 was close to the average of 23 earthquakes over the previous 40 years. Seismic activity was above average in 2016 with 872 located earthquakes of which 31 events had ML ≥ 2.5. The strongest event in the analyzed period was the ML 4.1 Salgesch earthquake, which occurred northeast of Sierre (VS) in October 2016. The event was felt in large parts of Switzerland and had a maximum intensity of V. Derived focal mechanisms and relative hypocenter relocations of aftershocks image a SSE dipping reverse fault, which likely also hosted an ML 3.9 earthquake in 2003. Another remarkable earthquake sequence in the Valais occurred close to Sion with four felt events (ML 2.7-3.2) in 2015/16. We associate this sequence with a system of WNW-ESE striking fault segments north of the Rhône valley. Similarities with a sequence in 2011, which was located about 10 km to the NE, suggest the existence of an en-echelon system of basement faults accommodating dextral slip along the Rhône-Simplon line in this area. Another exceptional earthquake sequence occurred close to Singen (Germany) in November 2016. Relocated hypocenters and focal mechanisms image a SW dipping transtensional fault segment, which is likely associated with a branch of the Hegau-Bodensee Graben. On the western boundary of this graben, micro-earthquakes close to Schlattingen (TG) in 2015/16 are possibly related to a NE dipping branch of the Neuhausen Fault. Other cases of earthquakes felt by the public during 2015/16 include earthquakes in the region of Biel, Vallorcine, Solothurn, and Savognin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European researchers and seismic networks are active in developing new approaches to earthquake early warning (EEW), implementing and operating test EEW systems, and in some cases, offering operational EEW to end users. We present the key recent developments in EEW research in Europe, describe the networks and regions where EEW is currently in testing or development, and highlight the two systems in Turkey and Romania that currently provide operational systems to a limited set of end users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During 2014, 817 earthquakes and 180 quarry blasts were detected and located in the region under consideration. An additional 160 earthquakes with M ≤ 1.0 were located using supplementary analysis techniques. The number of located earthquakes in 2014 was the largest since the installation of a seismic network in Switzerland in 1975. This unusually large number is mainly due to the occurrence of two vigorous earthquake sequences, and the local reduction of the earthquake detection thresholds of the Swiss seismic network. With a total of 22 earthquakes of M ≥ 2.5, the seismic activity of larger and potentially felt events was close to the average of 23 earthquakes over the previous 39 years. The most noteworthy seismicity was the earthquake sequence near Diemtigen, west of Lake Thun, where more than 270 events were located between April and December. High-precision hypocenter relocation was applied to image the spatio-temporal evolution of this seismicity. The sequence culminated in an M 3.2 event in October, which was felt in the region of Lake Thun and Bern. Other cases of earthquakes felt by the public include earthquakes in the region of Biel (M 3.2), in Vallorcine (M 3.2), and in Stalden (M 3.0). Finally, a small but unusually deep earthquake was recorded beneath the Jura Mountains. Focal depth, apparent velocities, as well as waveform characteristics of this earthquake are consistent with a source in the uppermost mantle. This earthquake is the first reliable record of a sub-Moho event ever observed in Switzerland. Zusammenfassung: Dieser Bericht des Schweizerischen Erdbebendienstes stellt eine Zusammenfassung der im Vorjahr in der Schweiz und Umgebung aufgetretenen Erdbeben dar. Im Jahr 2014 wurden im erwähnten Gebiet 817 Erdbeben sowie 180 Sprengungen erfasst und lokalisiert. Weitere 160 Beben mit Magnituden M ≤ 1.0 wurden mit Hilfe von zusätzlichen Auswertungsmethoden lokalisiert. Die Zahl der in 2014 lokalisierten Erdbeben ist die höchste seit der Installation eines seismischen Messnetzes in der Schweiz im Jahre 1975. Diese außergewöhnlich hohe Zahl erklärt sich vor allem durch das Auftreten zweier äußerst aktiver Erdbebensequenzen und der lokalen Absenkung der Detektionsschwelle für Erdbeben durch die Verbesserung des seismischen Messnetzes der Schweiz. Mit 22 Beben der Magnitude M ≥ 2.5 lag die seismische Aktivität von stärkeren und potentiell spürbaren Ereignissen im Jahr 2014 nahe am Durchschnitt von 23 Beben pro Jahr der vergangenen 39 Jahren. Bemerkenswert war die Erdbebensequenz von Diemtigen, westlich vom Thunersee bei der mehr als 270 Ereignisse zwischen April und Dezember lokalisiert wurden. Hochauflösende Erdbebenlokalisierung wurde verwendet, um die räumliche und zeitliche Entwicklung dieser Erdbebenserie abzubilden. Ein Beben der Magnitude M 3.2 bildete den Höhepunkt der Sequenz im Oktober. Dieses wurde in der Region des Thunersees und Bern deutlich verspürt. Weitere Erdbeben, die von der Bevölkerung verspürt wurden, waren unter anderem die Beben in der Region Biel (M 3.2), in Vallorcine (M 3.2) und in Stalden (M 3.0). Darüberhinaus wurde ein schwaches, aber ungewöhnlich tiefes Erdbeben unterhalb des Juras registriert. Sowohl Herdtiefe, Scheingeschwindigkeiten und Charakter der Wellenformen weisen auf einen Erdbebenherd im obersten Mantel hin. Damit ist dieses Ereignis die erste verlässliche Beobachtung eines Erdbebens unterhalb der Moho in der Schweiz. Resumé: Ce rapport du Service Sismologique Suisse résume l'activité sismique en Suisse et dans ses régions environnantes au cours de l'année 2014. Pendant cette période, 817 tremblements de terre et 180 tirs de carrière ont été détectés et localisés dans la région. 160 séismes additionnels de magnitude M ≤ 1.0 ont été localisés à l'aide de moyens supplémentaires d'analyse. Le nombre des évènements localisés en 2014 constitue un record depuis 1975, date de l'installation du réseau sismologique en Suisse. Ce grand nombre inhabituel peut être principalement expliqué par l'occurrence de deux séquences sismiques importantes et par la diminution locale des niveaux de détection résultant des améliorations apportées au réseau sismologique suisse. Avec un total de 22 séismes de magnitude M ≥ 2.5, le nombre des évènements les plus forts et potentiellement ressentis est proche de la moyenne annuelle de 23 tremblements de terre enregistrée pendant les 39 dernières années. La sismicité la plus notable est la séquence sismique qui a eu lieu près de Diemtigen, à l'ouest du lac de Thoune, où plus de 270 évènements ont été localisés entre avril et décembre. La relocalisation de grande précision des hypocentres a permis d'imager l'évolution spatio-temporelle de cette sismicité. La séquence est dominée par un séisme de magnitude M 3.2 en octobre qui a été ressenti dans la région du lac de Thoune et à Berne. D'autres tremblements de terre ont été ressentis par la population, tels que ceux de la région de Bienne (M 3.2), de Vallorcine (M 3.2) et de Stalden (M 3.0). Enfin, un faible mais inhabituel séisme profond a été enregistré dans le Jura. Sa profondeur focale, les vitesses apparentes enregistrées ainsi que les caractéristiques des formes d'ondes de ce tremblement de terre sont en accord avec une source dans le manteau supérieur. Par conséquence, ce tremblement de terre est le premier enregistrement fiable d'un évènement ayant eu lieu sous le Moho en Suisse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This report of the Swiss Seismological Service summarizes the seismic activity in Switzerland and surrounding regions during 2011. During this period, 522 earthquakes and 92 quarry blasts were detected and located in the region under consideration. With a total of only 10 events with M ≥ 2.5, the seismic activity in the year 2011 was far below the average over the previous 36 years. Most noteworthy were the earthquake sequence of Sierre (VS) in January, with two events of M 3.3 and 3.2, the M 3.3 earthquake at a depth of 31 km below Bregenz, and the M 3.1 event near Delémont. The two strongest events near Sierre produced shaking of intensity IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional (1D) velocity models are still widely used for computing earthquake locations at seismological centers or in regions where three-dimensional (3D) velocity models are not available due to the lack of data of sufficiently high quality. The concept of the minimum 1D model with appropriate station corrections provides a framework to compute initial hypocenter locations and seismic velocities for local earthquake tomography. Since a minimum 1D model represents a solution to the coupled hypocenter-velocity problem it also represents a suitable velocity model for earthquake location and data quality assessment, such as evaluating the consistency in assigning pre-defined weighting classes and average picking error. Nevertheless, the use of a simple 1D velocity structure in combination with station delays raises the question of how appropriate the minimum 1D model concept is when applied to complex tectonic regions with significant three-dimensional (3D) variations in seismic velocities. In this study we compute one regional minimum 1D model and three local minimum 1D models for selected subregions of the Swiss Alpine region, which exhibits a strongly varying Moho topography. We compare the regional and local minimum 1D models in terms of earthquake locations and data quality assessment to measure their performance. Our results show that the local minimum 1D models provide more realistic hypocenter locations and better data fits than a single model for the Alpine region. We attribute this to the fact that in a local minimum 1D model local and regional effects of the velocity structure can be better separated. Consequently, in tectonically complex regions, minimum 1D models should be computed in sub-regions defined by similar structure, if they are used for earthquake location and data quality assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have generated moment tensor solutions and moment magnitudes (Mw) for >1700 earthquakes of local magnitude (ML) >3.0 that occurred from September 1999 to November 2005 in southern California. The method is running as an automated real-time component of the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), with solutions available within 12 min of event nucleation. For local events, the method can reliably obtain good-quality solutions for Mw with ML >3.5, and for the moment tensor for events with ML >4.0. The method uses the 1D Time-Domain INVerse Code (TDMT_INVC) software package (Dreger, 2003). The Green's functions have been predetermined for various velocity profiles in southern California, which are used in the inversion of observed three-component broadband waveforms (10-100 sec), using data from at least four stations. Moment tensor solutions have an assigned quality factor dependent on the number of stations in the inversion, and the goodness of fit between synthetic and observed data. If a minimum quality factor is attained, the ML or Mw is 5.0 or greater, and if the event is in the southern California reporting regions, the Mw will be the official SCSN/CISN magnitude. The Mw from the high-quality solutions determined from our method generally correlate very well with reviewed ML, except in regions at the perimeter of the network. The Mw reported here indicates the SCSN ML systematically underestimates the magnitude in the Mexicali region of Baja California, Mono Lakes area, Coso region, and the Brawley seismic zone, and overestimates the magnitude in the Coastal Ranges. Comparisons of the moment tensors determined using this model are made with Harvard Centroid Moment Tensors generated for larger earthquakes in the California region, and recent 3D models for events in the Los Angeles region, with excellent correlation. Most of the earthquakes with good-quality solutions exhibit strike-slip faulting, in particular, along the major late Quaternary strike-slip faults. Thrust faulting on east-west-striking planes is observed along the southern edge of the Transverse Ranges, while northwest-striking thrust faulting is observed in the Coastal Ranges. Normal faulting is most common in Baja California and southern Sierra Nevada including the western Basin and Range region. Poor-quality solutions with unreliable Mw are caused by excessive background noise in the waveforms. Small events (ML < 4.0) can be affected by ambient noise or teleseisms, but larger events can also have unreliable solutions if they follow a recent large regional event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) has recently installed seismic stations in two buildings on the Caltech campus (Millikan Library and the Broad Center). Continuous real-time accelerometer data from these structures are now freely available to the community. This dataset provides a new opportunity to observe, and better understand, the variances in the primary dynamic property of a building system, its natural frequencies. Historical data (triggered strong-motion records, ambient and forced vibration tests) from the well-studied Millikan Library show dramatic decreases in natural frequencies, attributed mainly to moderately large local earthquakes. The current forced vibration east-west fundamental frequency is 22% lower than that originally measured in 1968. Analysis of the new continuous data stream allows the examination of other previously unrecognized sources of measurable change in the fundamental frequencies, such as weather (wind, rain, and temperature), as well as nonlinear building vibrations from small local and moderate regional earthquakes. Understanding these nonlinear shifts is one of the long-term goals of real-time building instrumentation and is critical if these systems are to be used as a postearthquake damage assessment tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today many sensors are marketed as being ready for earthquake early warning (EEW) applications. EEW aims to provide very rapid estimates of event parameters or expected ground motions, spanning wide ranges of source dimension, in advance of the strong shaking. EEW systems based on seismic data can have significant differences in their approach, but in general if a seismic sensor is appropriate for EEW, it should meet a number of key features. It should be capable of resolving the strongest ground motions on-scale, have an appropriate (and linear) dynamic range and broadband frequency response to ensure that small and moderate events can be distinguished from great events, have accurate timing, and crucially be capable to provide reliable low latency data streams. It should also be robust enough to operate for multiple years in the typical vault conditions defined by the local conditions. EEW systems can be significantly improved by enhancing the network density, so there is a balance between sensor quality and cost. We have tested the suitability of 9 different strong motion sensors for EEW, ranging from very high quality though more expensive sensors, to the most reasonably priced sensors currently on the market. Our goal is to identify appropriate sensors for deployment in prototype EEW systems across Central America that are based on EEW algorithms embedded in SeisComP3. Thus, the latency for all sensors is measured via SeedLink streaming protocol. In this presentation we present the performance of the sensors we have tested with focus on parameters critical to EEW in Central America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A homogeneous earthquake catalog --in terms of location and magnitude-- is a prerequisite to improve our understanding of the seismotectonics and the seismic hazard in the greater Alpine Region. The AlpArray initiative (www.alparray.ethz.ch), with its AlpArray Seismic Network (AASN) operational since 2016, provides unprecedentedly uniform station coverage for the region with more than 650 broadband seismic stations, 300 of which are temporary. We take advantage of this large dataset to: i) provide consistent and precise hypocenter locations and ii) provide preliminary but uniform magnitude calculations across the region. For these purposes, we collected the first two years of data (2016-2017) from more than 1000 stations (> 20TB of data), systematically checking the data and metadata quality. Our workflow is based on two steps: 1) Initial detection from continuous data in SC3 framework including STA/LTA trigger, Baer-post picker for P, postlocator Nonlinloc, ML, etc. 2) Refinement of the associated picks by sophisticated P+S post pickers including automated quality assessment of timing and phase identification. First, we detect events in the region during 2016 and 2017 using the STA/LTA based detector of the SeisComP3 monitoring system in off-line mode. Triggers are improved by the application of a post-picker using the Baer-Kradolfer algorithm. To minimize the impact of erroneous automatic picks on the location, the initial automatic hypocenters are derived by the Equal-Differential Time (EDT) algorithm implemented in the NonLinLoc location software. In addition, a quality-score is determined for each automatic origin and the one with the highest score is the preferred solution for the event. Among the detected events, we select 20 geographically homogeneously distributed events with magnitudes ≥ 2.5 representative for the entire catalog. We manually pick the selected events to establish a consistent phases reference data set (P-, S- and secondary phases), including arrival-time time uncertainties. The reference data, are used to adjust the secondary, high-quality automatic post-picker. We use a Python-based framework that combines well established picker algorithms, a multiple picking evaluation and Python libraries for Machine Learning classification algorithms to automatically assess phase-recognition and timing uncertainties (see abstract of Bagagli et al., 2019). Subsequently, the high-quality automatic picks of all well-locatable earthquakes are used to calculate a minimum 1D P-wave velocity model for the region with appropriate stations corrections. Finally, all the events are relocated with the NonLinLoc algorithm in combination with the updated 1D model. We compare our locations with existing earthquake catalogs (ISC, EMSC, national catalogs). The proposed procedure represents an important step towards the uniform earthquake catalog for the entire greater Alpine region using the AASN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 15 November 2017 a Mw 5.5 earthquake struck South Korea, injuring many people and causing extensive damage in and around the city of Pohang. The proximity of the epicentre to an Enhanced Geothermal Systems site, where high pressure hydraulic injection had been previously performed, opened a debate about the possible anthropogenic origin of this earthquake. In addition to the latter one, another interesting feature of this event is the large non double-couple component associated to its source mechanism. Moment tensor inversion in fact indicated that the mainshock is composed by a reverse-faulting to oblique double couple (DC) mechanism and a large non-DC term (~50%). Based on first analyses (e.g. Grigoli et al. 2018), we inferred that the non-DC component is caused by a complex rupture process that includes the simultaneous activation of different faults patches, however the decomposition of moment tensor into finite planes does not lead to an unique solution. Our aim is to use a back-projection method to analyse the slip distribution and rupture kinematics of this earthquake which, in combination with the information extracted from the spatio-temporal distribution of the aftershocks, allow to develop a fault model that explain the observed moment tensor. To image the slip of such a moderate magnitude earthquake, we carry out a three-step procedure: (1) we identify the fault planes by analysing the spatial distribution foreshocks and aftershocks and their focal mechanisms; (2) we deconvolve the propagation effects from the seismograms using an empirical Green's function resulting in relative source time functions (RSTF) at all seismic stations; (3) the RSTFs are back-projected to the fault plane using the position of equal time delays (i.e. isochrones). Our analysis suggests that the earthquake involved the failure of (at least) two different faults with slightly different orientations, which can explain the non-DC term of the moment tensor, as well as the complexity of P wave signals for the mainshock. This finding is also supported by a more accurate analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of aftershocks that suggests the presence of different fault patches. The kinematics of this rupture have important implications for the processes that control the direction and extent of ruptures involving multiple fault surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic risk in China is high. In particular Sichuan province has been hit hard in recent years with the successive occurrence of the 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan, 2013 MW 6.6 Lushan, and 2017 MW 6.5 Jiuzhaigou earthquakes with more than 87,000 fatalities and economic losses of about 1.5 trillion US dollars. In the scope of the National System for Fast Report of Intensities and Earthquake Early Warning project, the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) is building a nationwide earthquake early warning (EEW) system with about 3,200 strong-motion, ~2,000 broadband and ~10,200 low-cost MEMS sensors. The MW 7.9 Wenchuan mainshock and other large earthquakes are challenging for EEW, because traditional seismic network stations tend to saturate and source dimensions need to be known to predict seismic ground-motion at high accuracy. In this study, we run playbacks of local and regional on-scale strong-motion waveforms recorded by the China Strong Motion Networks Center (CSMNC) during the MW 7.9 Wenchuan, MW 6.6 Lushan, and MW 6.5 Jiuzhaigou earthquakes to study the possible performance of the Finite-Fault Rupture Detector (FinDer) algorithm (Böse et al., 2018). We show that the FinDer line-source models agree very well with the later observed aftershock distributions and finite-fault models determined from waveform inversion. If the available set of strong motion data had been operated in real-time and available to such an EEW system, more than 70% of sites experiencing shaking intensities of MMI IV-VI could receive 5 or more seconds of warning, and more than 30% of sites experiencing shaking intensities of MMI VI-IX could receive 10 or more seconds of warning. FinDer finite-fault models could also help providing faster and more accurate loss estimates in the aftermath of devastating earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquake early warning (EEW) can provide seconds to minutes of warning precedingthe arrival of hazardous seismic radiation from an earthquake as it occurs. SeveralEEW systems are in development that utilize real-time seismic and/or geodeticobservations to either constrain the growth and final size of the rupture and subsequentlydetermine the resulting ground motions, or to characterize the intensity of groundmotion without consideration of earthquake source properties; both types ultimatelyissuing a warning to affected populations. Here, we develop a module for EEW thatincorporates coseismic slip evolution and its relationship to rupture length. Localizedslip is used to predict the final amount of slip that can be expected as the ruptureendures, aiding in producing a more robust and faster EEW system. Perrin et al.,[2016] uses a global dataset of large magnitude earthquakes to identify a genericrelationship between slip distribution and final rupture length, which indicates that aftermaximum slip is reached at roughly 0.4 * final rupture length, the slip distribution isapproximately linear and notably, that the largest slip occurs on the most maturesections of the fault. Coseismic slip data can thus also be used to infer the finalextent of ongoing fault ruptures. Using the GPSlip algorithm [Böse et al., 2013]that employs the empirical relationship of Yamada [2007], we back project peakground displacement (PGD) amplitudes onto the source fault to determine 1D slipprofiles and to estimate final slip profiles and rupture dimensions. We demonstrate theapplication for the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan (China) earthquake, where we doubleintegrate strong-motion records for displacement and continuously back projectamplitudes onto finite-source models determined by the Finite Fault Rupture Detector[Böse et al., 2018]. The results of the back projection and prediction are consistentwith slip inversions suggesting that this method is indeed useful to improve EEW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]