20 results
Search Results
2. Trust and Happiness: Comparative Study Before and After the Great East Japan Earthquake.
- Author
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Yamamura, Eiji, Tsutsui, Yoshiro, Yamane, Chisako, Yamane, Shoko, and Powdthavee, Nattavudh
- Subjects
TRUST ,HAPPINESS ,SENDAI Earthquake, Japan, 2011 ,NATURAL disasters ,EARTHQUAKES ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The positive relationship between trust and happiness has been demonstrated by the literature. However, it is not clear how much this relationship depends on environmental conditions. The Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 is considered one of the most catastrophic events in human history. This disaster caused not only physical damage for Japanese people, but also perceived damage. Using individual-level panel data from Japan covering the period 2009-2012, this paper attempts to probe how the relationship between trust and happiness was influenced by the Great East Japan Earthquake by comparing the same individuals before and after the earthquake. A fixed-effects estimation showed that there is a statistically well-determined positive relationship between trust and happiness and this relationship was strengthened by disaster, especially for residents in the damaged area. We argue that social trust is a substitute for formal institutions and markets, which mitigates the effect of disaster-related shock on psychological conditions such as happiness. Therefore, a trustful society is invulnerable to a gigantic disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. HOW DO SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORKS AFFECT THE RESILIENCE OF FIRMS TO NATURAL DISASTERS? EVIDENCE FROM THE GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE.
- Author
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Todo, Yasuyuki, Nakajima, Kentaro, and Matous, Petr
- Subjects
ECOLOGICAL resilience ,NATURAL disasters ,EARTHQUAKES ,SUPPLY chain management ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper uses firm-level data to examine how supply chain networks affected the recovery of firms from the Great East Japan Earthquake. Extensive supply chains can negatively affect recovery through higher vulnerability to network disruption and positively through support from trading partners, easier search for new partners, and general benefits of agglomeration. Our results indicate that networks with firms outside of the impacted area contributed to the earlier resumption of production, whereas networks within the region contributed to sales recovery in the medium term. The results suggest that the positive effects of supply chains typically exceed the negative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Reviving tradition in disaster-affected communities: adaptation and continuity in the kagura of Ogatsu, Miyagi Prefecture.
- Author
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Lahournat, Florence
- Subjects
SENDAI Earthquake, Japan, 2011 ,EARTHQUAKES ,DISASTERS & society ,COMMUNITIES ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Questions of continuity and transmission, as well as relationship to the community, have long occupied an important part of folk performance scholarship. These topics take on a different urgency in disaster-affected communities, where preexisting socioeconomic issues become more pressing and endanger not only the continuity of folk practices but the communities themselves. The aftermath of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami has seen a surge of folk performance revivals in affected areas, hinting to the depth of the ties between local folk performance and community. Following an ethnographic approach, this paper explores the case of the community of Ogatsu (Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture) and its folk performance, the Ogatsu hōin kagura, as one expression of the revival process in an isolated, rural community extensively affected by the 2011 disaster. Putting in perspective the underlying dynamic of continuity and change that characterizes folk performances, the objective is to explore the nature and usage of the kagura and its relationship to the post-disaster community as it responds to changing circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Investigating community behaviour after the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake: a case study of Kawaguchi, Japan.
- Author
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Gismondi, M.
- Subjects
CHUETSU Earthquake, Japan, 2004 ,EARTHQUAKES ,BUILDINGS safety measures ,EARTHQUAKE damage ,COMMUNITY organization ,NATURAL disasters & society ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Every year, earthquakes cause economic and human losses around the globe. In Japan, a great deal of attention has focused on improving the safety of structures and individuals in the last decade. The introduction here of several new related policies, together with continuous discussion of such policies, has raised the level of environmental security nationwide. Despite this significant effort, individual preparedness and awareness are still lacking, especially in rural areas, where technological advancements and policy applications often arrive late. In this paper, Kawaguchi in Niigata Prefecture, Japan was chosen as study area because of both the major damage experienced during the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake and the particularly dynamic socio-cultural activities of the community. Using interviews and questionnaires to collect information, this study aims to investigate the causes of local variations in community behaviour after the earthquake. Geographic location as well as everyday social relationships, social interactions and organisation are considered the main causes of the differences in community organisation during the recovery process. This study highlights the necessity for more localised emergency education in order to promote longer-lasting awareness and preparation in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. What Happened to Kobe? A Reassessment of the Impact of the 1995 Earthquake in Japan.
- Author
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duPont IV, William and Noy, Ilan
- Subjects
KOBE Earthquake, Japan, 1995 ,EARTHQUAKES ,NATURAL disasters ,ECONOMIC conditions in Japan ,ECONOMICS ,HISTORY - Abstract
The conventional wisdom that the devastation wrought by the 1995 Kobe (Great Hanshin-Awaji) earthquake did not have any long-term impact on the Japanese economy, or much impact on Kobe itself, is wrong. We reevaluate the evidence using a new methodology, synthetic control, and find a persistent and still continuing adverse impact of the quake on the economy of Kobe more than a decade after the event. Using the methodology developed by Abadie et al. (Journal of the American Statistical Association , 2010), we construct counterfactual dynamics for the Kobe economy. We identify a decline in per capita GDP that is attributable to the quake and is persistent, long-term, and clearly observable even 13 years after the quake. GDP per capita for 2008 was ¥400,000 per person lower (12% decrease) than it would have been had the earthquake not occurred. Importantly, this adverse long-term impact is identified in a wealthy region of a high-income country and with the backing of a deep-pocketed fiscal authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. 2008 world nuclear industry status report.
- Author
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Schneider, Mycle
- Subjects
NUCLEAR energy -- Economic aspects ,ELECTRICITY ,EARTHQUAKES ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article provides information on the global decrease of the nuclear electricity generation in 2007 although the International Atomic Agency (IAEA) increased its nuclear generation projections in 2030. It mentions that a 60 terawatt hour fall represents the average yearly generation of ten reactors. The contributing elements of the reduction is due to a severe earthquake happened in Kashiwazaki, Japan in July 2007. Moreover, the big six nuclear powers including the United States, Japan, and France witnessed their global share of nuclear-generated electricity fall from around three quarters in recent years to 68 percent in 2007.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The prevalence of mental distress before the Great East Japan Earthquake and the associated impact of an aged society: An ecological study.
- Author
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Misawa, Jimpei, Ichikawa, Rie, Shibuya, Akiko, Maeda, Yukihiro, Hishiki, Teruyoshi, and Kondo, Yoshiaki
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,DISEASE prevalence ,EARTHQUAKES ,CROSS-sectional method ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Various studies have determined that the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) caused mental distress among residents in affected areas. However, previous studies had not considered the prevalence of mental distress before the GEJE, and ignored the impact of an aged society on mental distress. Therefore, we aimed to describe the prevalence of mental distress before the GEJE in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan and elucidate the effect of an aged society on mental distress. We conducted an ecological study, using municipality in Miyagi Prefecture as the study unit. We used the cross-sectional mail survey data conducted in February 2011. We performed a correlation analysis in each of the 39 municipalities in Miyagi Prefecture. The prevalence of serious mental distress was 9.1%. The proportion of the population aged 65 years or older was related to the prevalence of serious mental distress in municipalities with a low proportion of all workers engaged in primary industry and with a high estimated number of inpatients with mental illness. We found that residents in Miyagi Prefecture suffered from poor mental health before the GEJE. Aged society was related to serious mental distress in the areas with advanced industrial structure and more patients with mental illness. We should approach mental health problems in the context of social structure, particularly in an aged society, based on facts about mental distress before the GEJE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Dynamic linear modeling of monthly electricity demand in Japan: Time variation of electricity conservation effect.
- Author
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Honjo, Keita, Shiraki, Hiroto, and Ashina, Shuichi
- Subjects
ELECTRIC power consumption ,EARTHQUAKES ,SEASONAL temperature variations ,ELECTRIC rates ,DYNAMIC models - Abstract
After the severe nuclear disaster in Fukushima, which was triggered by the Great East Japan earthquake in March 2011, nuclear power plants in Japan were temporarily shut down for mandatory inspections. To prevent large-scale blackouts, the Japanese government requested companies and households to reduce electricity consumption in summer and winter. It is reported that the domestic electricity demand had a structural decrease because of the electricity conservation effect (ECE). However, quantitative analysis of the ECE is not sufficient, and especially time variation of the ECE remains unclear. Understanding the ECE is important because Japan’s NDC (nationally determined contribution) assumes the reduction of CO
2 emissions through aggressive energy conservation. In this study, we develop a time series model of monthly electricity demand in Japan and estimate time variation of the ECE. Moreover, we evaluate the impact of electricity conservation on CO2 emissions from power plants. The dynamic linear model is used to separate the ECE from the effects of other irrelevant factors (e.g. air temperature, economic production, and electricity price). Our result clearly shows that consumers’ electricity conservation behavior after the earthquake was not temporary but became established as a habit. Between March 2011 and March 2016, the ECE on industrial electricity demand ranged from 3.9% to 5.4%, and the ECE on residential electricity demand ranged from 1.6% to 7.6%. The ECE on the total electricity demand was estimated at 3.2%–6.0%. We found a seasonal pattern that the residential ECE in summer is higher than that in winter. The emissions increase from the shutdown of nuclear power plants was mitigated by electricity conservation. The emissions reduction effect was estimated at 0.82 MtCO2 –2.26 MtCO2 (−4.5% on average compared to the zero-ECE case). The time-varying ECE is necessary for predicting Japan’s electricity demand and CO2 emissions after the earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Liquefaction perspective of soil ageing.
- Author
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Towhata, I., Taguchi, Y., Hayashida, T., Goto, S., Shintaku, Y., Hamada, Y., and Aoyama, S.
- Subjects
SOIL liquefaction ,RECLAMATION of land ,AGE of soils ,SENDAI Earthquake, Japan, 2011 ,SOIL testing ,EARTHQUAKES ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Subsoil liquefaction during strong earthquakes is one of the major seismic threats to the human community. Over the past few decades various methodologies have been proposed to assess liquefaction vulnerability; however, recent seismic events in Japan have revealed that current assessment methods are over conservative, which results in unnecessarily higher costs in mitigation measures. To overcome this situation, this study reinterprets the dynamic behaviour of sandy subsoils subject to recent and historical ground motions from Japanese seismic events and is able to demonstrate that aged soils have a higher liquefaction resistance than suggested by current design codes. Laboratory tests were also devised and conducted to study the mechanism of soil ageing at the particle scale level. Grain dislocations were observed to take place over time while boundary stress conditions maintained constant. These dislocations erased big voids, promoted a more stable granular structure and have the potential to give rise to greater liquefaction resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Quasi-experimental evidence for the importance of accounting for fear when evaluating catastrophic events.
- Author
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Nakanishi, Hayato
- Subjects
DISASTERS & economics ,EARTHQUAKES ,TSUNAMIS ,REAL property sales & prices ,ECONOMIC conditions in Japan ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article explains the essence of accounting for fear in assessing catastrophic events in terms of economic damage. Topics discussed include the 2012 Japanese government report on predicted damage of major earthquakes and tsunamis in the Nankai Trough (NT) area in Japan, the impact of the NT report towards land price function in Japan, and accuracy bias over land price data in the country.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Economic forecast.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC forecasting ,ECONOMIC conditions in Japan, 1989- ,EARTHQUAKES ,TSUNAMIS ,GROSS domestic product ,FOREIGN exchange rates ,ECONOMIC indicators ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article presents an economic forecast for Japan for 2010-2015. It discusses the country's international assumptions in terms of its gross domestic product, exchange rates, and financial indicators. It states that the north-east coast of the country will take years to recover from the earthquake and tsunami disaster in March 2011.
- Published
- 2011
13. Assessment and recommendations.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC conditions in Japan, 1989- ,EARTHQUAKES ,MONETARY policy ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This article discusses economic trends and policies in Japan as of April 2011. The March 2011 earthquake in the country is reported to reduce the nation's economic activity. The Bank of Japan responded by providing liquidity to stabilise financial markets. The scope for improvements in the monetary policy framework is also described, as well as the New Growth Strategy, education spending and non-regular employment.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Economic policy outlook.
- Subjects
JAPANESE economic policy ,ECONOMIC policy ,EARTHQUAKES ,ECONOMIC impact of public spending ,BUDGET management ,GROSS domestic product ,INTEREST rates ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article focuses on the economic policy outlook in Japan for 2011-2015. It says that the earthquake happened in March 11, 2011 will end the deadlock on the budget for 2011-2012, and the production of a supplementary budget to the costs of rescue and reconstruction operations. It states that the estimates for the costs of rescue will amount to four percent of gross domestic product (GDP) for several years. It adds that interest rates are expected to increase until the second half of 2012.
- Published
- 2011
15. Sequencing Lifeline Repairs After an Earthquake: An Economic Approach.
- Author
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Casari, Marco and Wilkie, Simon
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKES ,EMERGENCY management ,NATURAL disasters ,CRISIS management ,PUBLIC utilities ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Recoveries after recent earthquakes in the U.S. and Japan have shown that large welfare gains can be achieved by reshaping current emergency plans as incentive-compatible contracts. We apply tools from the mechanisms design literature to show ways to integrate economic incentives into the management of natural disasters and discuss issues related to the application to seismic event recovery. The focus is on restoring lifeline services such as the water, gas, transportation, and electric power networks. We put forward decisional procedures that an uninformed planner could employ to set repair priorities and help to coordinate lifeline firms in the post-earthquake reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Japan's 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami: Economic Effects and Implications for the United States.
- Author
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Nanto, Dick K., Cooper, William H., Donnelly, J. Michael, and Johnson, Renée
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKES ,TSUNAMIS ,MASS casualties ,ECONOMIC activity ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article discusses the economic implications of the earthquake and tsunami that devastated Japan on March 11, 2011 for the U.S. Aside from damages to infrastructure, thousands of persons have reportedly been killed or gone missing after the calamity. The devastation brought concerns such as where to find the source of funds to be used for rebuilding and how the country can regain its economic activity. The business operations of companies Sony Corp., Hitachi Vehicle Energy Ltd. and Nippon Chemi-Con Corp. have been disrupted by the said disaster.
- Published
- 2011
17. Anticipating the aftershocks.
- Author
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Soule, Alexander
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKE aftershocks ,EARTHQUAKES ,REINSURANCE companies ,INSURANCE premiums ,INSURANCE rates ,MACROECONOMICS ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article reports on the uncertainty as to the extent of the Tohoku, Japan earthquake's impact on businesses. It notes that the ability to purchase or sell goods and insurance premiums in the country were linked with worries concerning broader macroeconomic factors. Moody's Inc. mentions Berkshire Hathaway Inc., Swiss Re, and PartnerRe Ltd. as the reinsurance carriers to be mostly affected by the tsunami and quake.
- Published
- 2011
18. Earthquake rocks Japan, the markets and confidence in nuclear energy.
- Author
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Klierly, Seymour
- Subjects
SENDAI Earthquake, Japan, 2011 ,EARTHQUAKES ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
In this article the author reflects on the impact of the earthquake and tsunami on the economic condition in Japan.
- Published
- 2011
19. Japan's need for a post-earthquake economic overhaul.
- Author
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Flatt, Daniel and Chan, Vinicy
- Subjects
ECONOMIC conditions in Japan, 1989- ,EARTHQUAKES ,ELECTRIC power consumption ,PRICE inflation ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article explains the necessity for an economic overhaul in Japan following the March 11, 2011 earthquake. The stoicism and bravery of the Japanese people has reportedly prevented widespread panic. The economic impact of the disaster is also mentioned, noting that power shortages due to the failure of the power plant would affect the industrial plants of prominent firms. One of the actions that could be taken by the central bank is increasing the amount of money it prints to stimulate inflation.
- Published
- 2011
20. FEATURE: Dawn of the rising sun.
- Author
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O'Dell, Alastair and Mariathasan, Joseph
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKES ,FINANCIAL markets ,GROSS domestic product ,MONEY market ,ECONOMIC conditions in Japan, 1989- ,ECONOMIC recovery ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article examines the impact of the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami on the country's financial markets, and the lessons from past catastrophes. According to government estimates, the 2011 earthquake destroyed up to 309 billion U.S. dollars worth of assets, about 5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). However, many economists are optimistic that the Japanese economy will recover towards the end of 2011. It highlights trends and outlook for money markets in Japan for 2011.
- Published
- 2011
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