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The paper aimed to analyze the demand and offer in Romania's balneary (spa) tourism in the decade 2010-2019 in order to identify the main trends and correlations and the aspects which have to be improved for increasing spa tourism contribution in the economy and to people's health and relaxation. The data provided by National Institute of Statistics were processed using usual methods for dynamic analysis, trend equation, regressions and correlations, and determination coefficient. In 2019, Romania's offer in spa tourism was represented by 37 balneary resorts, 620 units with reception function for tourist accommodation, and 35,643 places, while the demand consisted of 1.33 million tourist arrivals and 4.81 million overnight stays. All this figures represent much more than in 2010, except the number of places which declined by 2.3%. Romanian spa tourism keeps 7.1% of the number of tourist accommodation units, 10% of the number of places, 8.5% of tourist arrivals, and 16% overnight stays. A positive and strong connection was found between the number of tourist arrivals and overnight stays, but also an unbalanced ratio between overnight stays and number of places as well as between tourist arrivals and number of places. Therefore, balneary tourism has to be much more sustained to become a strong branch of Romania's tourism. A new strategy is required to better valorize the richness of natural resources, to continue investing in infrastructure, to diversify spa services, and to promote more intensively Romania's spa tourism abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of tourist flows in terms of tourist arrivals and overnight stays by tourist destination in Romania in the years 2020 and 2021 of the Covid-19 pandemic compared to the year 2019. Graphics and fixed and variable basis and structural indices were used to show the difference of the level of these two indicators and their distribution by each destination. The year 2019 was the best for Romania's tourism when over 13.37 million arrivals and over 30.08 million overnight stays were registered. In 2020, the arrivals were by 52.16% lower than in 2019, and the overnight stays smaller by 48.45%, showing that this year was the worst, as a part of units were closed or worked at a reduced capacity, recording a lower revenue and even failed. Romanians saved tourism, being the dominant category who rediscovered the beauty of their own country both in 2020 and in 2021 when the restrictions were cancelled or limited. In 2021, the number of arrivals accounted for over 9.37 million and the number of overnight stays for over 20.83 million. The hierarchy of the tourist destinations in Romania based on the level of these two indicators is: Bucharest, the capital and the main cities, other localities and tourism itineraries, seaside resorts, mountain resorts, spa resorts and the Danube Delta and Tulcea City. The recovery of was not yet at the level of 2019, despite that in 2021, tourism managers have made special efforts to improve and diversify their offers and better satisfy their guests. This dynamics gives a hope that in coming years tourism will return to the level of 2019 or even to exceed it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed the use of pesticides in Romania in the period 2007-2020, based on the official statistical data by type of pesticide, at the national and territorial level, and using fixed and structural indices, concentration indices and time and spatial comparisons. In the year 2020, pesticides were applied on larger surfaces than in 2007 and they accounted for 3.88 million ha for herbicides, 2.39 million ha for fungicides, and 2.34 million ha for insecticides. But, the total consumption decreased by 26% for insecticides and by 23% for herbicides, but it increased by 8.2% in case of fungicides. The national mean consumption of pesticides per ha declined and in 2020 accounted for 0.27 kg a.s. insecticide, 0.75 kg herbicide and 0.76 kg fungicide. Romania comes on the last position in the EU for the smallest average consumption 0.8 kg a.s. pesticide per ha and also for the risk indicator 1 equal to 48. The largest areas where pesticides are applied in the territory are in South Muntenia, West, South East and South West Oltenia micro-regions. Total consumption differs from a region to another as follows: insecticides are much more consumed in South West Oltenia, South Muntenia, North East, South East and West, fungicides are especially applied in South East, North East, Center and West, and herbicides are predominantly utilized in North East, South East, North West, South West Oltenia, and West. The average consumption per ha, over the national mean, is higher in the following regions: insecticides in North West, South West Oltenia, Center and North West, fungicides in the Center, Bucharest-Ilfov, South East and North East and herbicides in North East, North West and Center regions. The values of the concentration indices Herfindahl-Hirschman, Gini-Struck and Concentration coefficient proved that in 2020, Romania was characterized by a relative moderate concentration of the use of pesticides. As a conclusion, pesticides have to be used taking into consideration the local conditions at the regional level and at farm level. Farmers have to evaluate the problems and make the best decision regarding what type of pesticide to use, on what surface, which is the suitable dose per ha, how many treatments are required etc. The EU regulations regarding pesticides imposes a strict control and use of the approved pesticides for compiling with the European the Green Deal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed the evolution of the surfaces where chemical fertilizers were used, total consumption of fertilizers and the average consumption per surface unit in Romania and also by micro-region of development in order to establish the trends in the use of the fertilizers, and its concentration degree in terms of Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, (HHI), Gini-Struck Index (GSI) and Coefficient of Concentration (CC). The empirical data were collected from National Institute of Statistics for the period 2007-2020. Romania's mineral fertilizer consumption accounts for 5% of the EU total consumption, for which the country is ranked the 7th after France, Germany, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom and Italy. Compared to the EU mean of 77.2 kg Nitrogen fertilizer consumed per ha UAA in the year 2018, Romania applied less than 60 kg, a level which is far away from over 100 kg used by Belgium, Netherlands, Czechia and Denmark. In 2020, the average consumption of mineral fertilizer in Romania reached 98.16 kg/ha, which is still lower than in the Western EU countries. In the year 2020, the average consumption in Romania was exceeded, in the descending order, only by the West, Bucharest-Ilfov, North West and South West Oltenia regions. If in 2007, it was observed an uniform consumption of fertilizers among the eight micro-regions of Romania, in 2020, a slight moderate concentration was noticed in terms of HHI, GSI and CC. The regions with the highest share in mineral fertilizer consumption in Romania, in the decreasing order, are: West, South Muntenia, South West Oltenia, North East, South East and North West regions. The EU policy regarding the sustainable development of agriculture reducing the use of chemical fertilizers for protecting environment, biodiversity and ensuring food safety is welcome, but it has to be adapted to the actual average consumption and also taking into account the local needs of each country regarding the growth of productivity, farmers' income and profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of a wider range of external trade sector of Romania was carried out in this paper. Main purpose of the paper was identification of the products which have submitted during the period 2002-2011 a wide dynamic with regard to trade of Romania, the total and in particular with the EU countries. The methodology used in this respect was detailed analysis of the data, of the structure of imports and exports and the dynamics of these exchanges during the ten years. Thus, we have identified productions which have had a production upward or downward trend in the structure of total trade. It is a case of grain, milk and seeds and oleaginous fruits and tobacco, which has had a positive development in imports and exports. Tobacco and meat products for the imports and live livestock and vegetables for the exports have registered a decreased share. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed labor productivity in Romania's agriculture in the period 2011-2020 and established the forecast for 2021-2025 horizon using the Eurostat data. The processing procedures included fixed basis index, average growth rate, average annual growth, regression models, determination coefficient, descriptive statistics (mean standard deviation and variation coefficient), comparison methods and forecast modeling. The results proved that agriculture productivity is increasing with a lower growth rate, being deeply influenced on output value, gross value added and labour input. Per 1,000 AWU, agricultural output value decreased by 6.77%, gross value added increased by 12.47% and factor income raised by 20.65%. However, for its level of output value and GVA, Romania comes on the last position and for factor income level it comes on the 15th position in the EU. For agriculture development, labour productivity must be increased paying attention to the key determinants: farm structure and size, labour input, technical endowment, and investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper was focused on the sector of trade and meat consumption in Romania. Data are presented at national level and covers a period of 10 years; they come from the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Institute of Statistics of Romania. We presented an analysis of the trade in live animals, according to Romania's main trading partners, the dynamics of household consumption of three types of meat and we present a detailed analysis of the three most important sectors in the trade with live animals. The methodology has also included the study of seasonality of total import and export of live animals and separate of Live cattle trade sector. The findings were that, although the trade in live animals in Romania shows a positive balance, looked in detail, the sector has a significant imbalance between the different categories of animals. So, we could appreciate the fact that the positive balance of the entire trade in live animals is, in fact, supported only by exports of cattle, the other directions having a slight contribution. In terms of seasonality, we identified for imports, positive seasonal deviations in the 2nd quarter and for exports in the 3rd and the 4th quarter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper goal was to analyze the dynamics and distribution of maize cultivated area and production in Romania and in its regions of development, using empirical data provided by the National Institute of Statistics for the period 2007-2013. The statistical parameters: mean, deviation standard and coefficient of variation were determined in order to characterize each indicator. With 2.5 million ha cultivated with maize Romania came on the top position in the EU-28.For maize production, it is on the 2nd position after France. Romania's production increased more 2.7 times in the analyzed period, and the contribution of the development regions to it was the following one in 2013: 22.29 % South Muntenia, 18.18 % South East, 18.19 % North East, 13.06 % South West Oltenia, 12.47 % West, 9.68 % North West, 5.69 % Central part and 0.44 % Bucharest-Ilfov. The means, standard deviations and the variation coefficients proved that both the cultivated area and maize production registered a high variation from a region to another. The discrepancies among the regions concerning soil and climate conditions, farm size, technical endowment, applied technologies, maize varieties, farm management resulted in a high variability of production performance. For Romania, maize is a strategic crop which could cover both the internal market, and become a good product for export on the foreign market. As a result, the Romanian farmers should be aware that the yield growth must be their main objective which should be reached using high potential hybrids resistant to drought and diseases, and extending irrigation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studied the dynamics of the economic value of pollination in Romania's orchards taking into account the main trees species producing fruits: plum, apple, cherry, apricot, pear and peach fruit trees in the period 2011- 2020. The data provided by National Institute of Statistics were used to quantify fruit production and value based on the average annual purchase price, and the economic value of fruit production produced by pollinators, taking into consideration de dependence degree by fruit tree species. After a period of decline, fruit tree growing has recovered especially during the last years making investments in new plantations of apple, plum, cherry, peach trees etc. In 2020, Romania had 138,000 ha of orchards, over 74 million fruit trees, a fruit production of 1.6 million tons of which 93.33% came from the six main fruit tree species: plum (48.4%), apple (34.4%), cherry(4.6%), pear (3.09%), apricot (1.74%) and peach trees (1%).The total value of fruit production from the six species accounted for Euro 1,303.69 Million at purchase price, being by 42.2% higher than in 2011. The results proved that the pollination economic value contributed by Euro 1,032 Million, that is by about 80% to fruit production value in 2020, which reflects how important is insect pollination in fruit trees growing. In 2020, the economic value of pollination per fruit tree accounted for: Euro 12.2 for plum tree, Euro 15.7 per apple tree, Euro 13.2 per pear tree, Euro 12.4 per peach tree, Euro 26.6 per cherry tree and Euro 14.5 per apricot tree. Therefore, the entomophilous fauna has to be preserved not only for biodiversity conservation but mainly for helping the sustainable development of fruit tree growing to produce more and of higher quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the paper was the analysis of food consumption in Romania in the period 2008-2019 using the data put at the disposal by National Institute of Statistics. The data were processed using descriptive analysis reflected in mean, standard deviation, variation coefficient and also annual growth rate. First, the value of the minimum consumption basket increased accounting for Lei 7,278 in 2020 for ensuring a decent living for a family with two adults and two children. Food consumption in Romania accounts for about 21% in the total expenses for the minim consumption basket. Food consumption was analyzed by category of food products and the results proved a growth of consumption in case of poultry, pork and mutton meat, cheese and butter, fruit, vegetables, jam, honey, ice cream, coffee and tea, and a decline in consumption of bread, beef, milk, beans, potatoes, sugar and chocolate. These trends reflect that the Romanian consumer is aware that his daily diet must be healthier and more balanced than before. For the future, consumption have to be focused on three criteria: health, sustainability and convenience. This means that consumption to be based on fresh, natural, organic, healthy, safe and in-season food offered mainly by local producers and the offer could be completed by imports especially for the extra season food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data analysis is a process of inspecting, transforming, cleaning, and modeling information with the purpose of uncovering useful insights, providing conclusions, and supporting decisions. The results obtained from processing statistical data are presented as specific statistical models (series, graphs, tables), and the relationships for observed phenomena emerge in a sequence that corresponds to the existing relationships. These make it possible to interpret patterns, enabling the correct selection of methodologies for calculating statistical indicators. Statistical data in tourism provide the opportunity for the development of strategies within this sector, where evaluated indicators serve as a source for monitoring and refining situations in tourism. The assessed information allows for analyses across various periods, integrating tourism into the national statistical system. The purpose of this study is to present an analytical model through a phased realization of statistical analysis regarding tourist arrivals in hotel-type accommodation establishments. Essentially, this analysis includes: the statistical study of frequency distributions through the calculation of variation and asymmetry indicators, the statistical study of frequency distributions through the calculation of central tendency indicators, and the establishment of statistical relationships between the two characteristics - the number of hotels and the number of tourists arriving in hotels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is focused on realizing a better understanding of the aspects and the conditions that facilitate human traffick in a full transition society, such as the Romanian society. To highlight the characteristics of human trafficking and the actual dimensions of this phenomenon in Romania, the paper used both quantitative methods involving interpretation of statistics compiled by the competent institutions and the qualitative research methods, involving the analysis of reports, articles or case studies presented in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aimed to analyze the evolution of the population occupied in tourism compared to the population occupied in the national economy in the period 2007-2015 using the empirical data provided by National Institute of Statistics. Index method, comparison method, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression function, and Herfindhal-Hirschman and Gini-Struck indices were used as methodological framework. The population occupied in tourism activities increased by 12.02% from 155.5 thousand persons in 2007 to 174.2 thousand persons in 2015. Tourism contributes by 2.07% to the population occupied in the economy. The Bucharest-Ilfov, Centre and SE micro-regions have the highest number of population working in tourism: 21.19%, 16.07%, and respectively 12.45%. The South West Oltenia and West micro-regions have the lowest shares of population employed in tourism. The persons working in tourism are relatively uniform distributed in the territory as confirmed by Herfindhal-Hirschman and Gini-Struck indices. The tourism structure by professional status is: 90.8% employees, 3.8% employers and 5.4% self employed people, higher figures than in the national economy. Tourism absorbed more younger persons than in the national economy. About 13.5% of the employed persons in tourism belong to the 15-24 years category and 34.5% belong to the 25-34 years category. The correlation coefficient r=0.588 between the number of people employed in tourism and the number of units for tourists' accommodation reflects that a higher number of tourists will require a larger accommodation capacity and more employment in tourism activities. The correlation coefficient r=0.355 between the number of places (beds) and the number of persons occupied in tourism is a weak. As a final conclusion, tourism is a dynamic branch of Romania's economy with a high potential to create jobs, employ young people and also women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iasi - Construction & Architecture Section is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this paper is to realize a comparative study regarding the theory and practice of financial audit in Romania and Spain. To achieve this goal, we performed a documentary research of the main papers in this area and of the applicable regulations research that allowed us to identify convergences and differences as concerns the financial audit in Romania and Spain. There are many divergences, on different levels: the perimeter of regulations, the conditions for becoming a financial auditor, but also regarding the evolution of the financial audit markets, the mandatory limits for auditing the financial statements, etc. Although Spain has a longer tradition in the area of financial audit, in Romania, there were also conducted financial audit missions in accordance with the international audit standards since the recognition of this activity, in 1999. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is an infectious disease that appeared in late 2019 in Wuhan, a city in central China. The rapid spread of the disease turned it into a pandemic only a few months after its onset affecting all countries of the world. Controlling and stopping it are real challenges for all mankind. This paper analyzes the evolution of COVID-19 in the South-West Oltenia region of Romania, between April and September 2020, as well as the similarities and disparities between the counties belonging to this region. In this regard, two indicators were used, namely the cumulative infection index at 14 days per 1000 inhabitants (CII) and the total number per person infected with Covid-19 (STNI) in county i, at time j, per 100,000 inhabitants with home in that county. The research was based on the series of data collected by authors from the daily communiqués of the Strategic Communication Group within the Romanian Ministry of Internal Affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Oltenia, Studii si Comunicari Seria Stiintele Naturii is the property of Museum of Oltenia Craiova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The location of the area of the two communes in the interference space of Getic Subcarpathians with Făgăraş Mountains imposed along time a variety regarding the land use. Because in the last decades it has produced the accentuated spatio-temporal dynamics of different categories of the land use from this area, the present paper aims to analyze which are the factors upon which these modifications were based, and especially what type of mark has been left in the quality and functionality of the environment. The evaluation modality of the land use dynamics due to the human impact, consists in the application of some synthetical indexes which characterize the degree of environmental transformation from a historical perspective. The application and analysis of the indexes in two different periods, 1980 and 2005, have been possible by obtaining and comparing the data and information from different sources (digitization on topographical maps and orthophotomaps, statistical data, informations from the data set geo-spatial and Corine Land Cover). This analysis lead to the spatialization and intensity of the transformations induced by the dynamics of land use changes in the Subcarpathian rural landscape, as well as the establishment of landscapes' artificiality from this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes the coal cost analysis of the coal faces from the Jiu Valley coal mines, according to the production capacity. We will also determine the production capacity per coal-face, mine and mining methods that bring coal extraction on the brink of profitability. We will analyze the evolution of production capacities in the Jiu Valley coal basin in the last 10 years. In the end, we present the practical solutions for revitalizing the coal mines in the Jiu Valley basin (Romania). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruits can be an important component of food consumption, due to their beneficial properties, related to the content in nutritional principles. The study tries to present the situation of consumers in Romania, based on fruit consumption in the context of existing realities worldwide and at European Union level, for the period 2017-2019. The total recorded fruit consumption is characterized by an average of 3,255.33 thousand t, and the consumption per inhabitant was, on average, 102.12 kg. Worldwide, Romania accounted for an average of 0.45% of total fruit consumption, with about 4.70% of the Community consumption. Regarding the consumption per capita, compared to the situation for world and community, Romania exceeded the level for total consumption of fruit by +15.0 and 31.61%, respectively. There is a preponderance of consumption of grapes, other fruits and apples (about 86%). It can be appreciated that it is necessary to revive the fruit sector and the processing industry, as prerequisites for increasing fruit consumption in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the evolutions of the Romania economy at the macroeconomic level, analysis based, on most part, by the study of the Gross Domestic Product. Following the study of available statistical data, valuable conclusions were drawn regarding the situation of our national economy and the movement from the periods past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper makes an analysis of the recent dynamics of the investment funds operating on the Romanian capital market, having in consideration also the global and European trends and figures regarding investment fund industry. Despite the current level of development of the Romanian capital market and the negative effects of the financial crisis, the investment fund industry experienced a continuous growth during the last years, a trend that will continue in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper work I have studied the electronic payment industry in Romania in comparison with the European Union values considering number and value of transactions payment, transactions dynamic and transactions value per capita as well as romanian transactions shares from total European Union transactions, both in number and [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article is intended to explain the snow avalanche occurrence, as a natural phenomenon directly influenced by the local natural conditions, for the well-delimited area represented by the Piatra Mica massif, belonging to the Piatra Craiului mountain range (southern Carpathians). In this respect, depending on the factors that may trigger or encourage the avalanches, some vulnerable areas with avalanche occurring conditions have been identified, based on the analysis of the relationships among the factors controlling the avalanche vulnerability in the study area. These factors are mainly represented by the slope aspect, which induces from the very beginning some specific features for each type of slope (north-, east-, south and west-facing slopes), the geological structure, slope gradient and topography. At the same time, the general climatic and biological features have been taken into account, from the point of view of their importance for avalanche occurrence and distribution. Depending on the microrelief exhibited by the avalanche chutes, one can establish distinct dynamical features for each of the four major slopes of the massif. It is worth mentioning that for this study area, this is the first paper dealing with avalanche phenomenon, vulnerable space, control factors and landscape dynamics. In accomplishing this demarche, we used detailed mappings in the field in several stages, the processing of satellite images, analytical (declivities, the exposure of slopes, etc.) and synthetic maps from which the dynamic of sectors with avalanches resulted. The findings of this investigation may further be employed for solving the problems raised by avalanche-prone areas, as well as for devising a better strategy for the effective management of the mountain realm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

During 2003 the blowflies of Lucilia, Calliphora and Protophormia genera were monitored between April 20 and October 30. For Calliphora genus 6 population peaks were recorded. First capture was achieved on April 20, at a 12.1°C mean air temperature, 15.9°C mean soil temperature and 50% relative humidity, and the last one on October 21st, at a 15.1°C mean air temperature, 14.7°C mean soil temperature and 84% relative humidity, respectively. For Lucilia genus 7 population peaks were recorded, with May 01st the first capture date, and October 07 the last capture date. For Protophormia genus were also 6 population peaks recorded, as for Calliphora genus. First capture was performed on May 02nd at a mean air temperature of 22.5°C, a mean soil temperature of 24.3°C and 54% relative humidity, and the last one on October 07, at a mean air temperature of 10.4°C, a mean soil temperature of 10.8°C and 73% relative humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines wage developments in Romania over the last 20 years, discusses the evolving role of government wage policy and structural labour market changes, and analyses the dynamics of the wage determination process. It finds that government wage policy has had a significant demonstration effect on private sector wages, driven mainly by policy decisions over the past few years. The article also finds strong causality from private sector wages to wages in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and government. No causality was found for changes in government wages to wages in SOEs or from SOE wages to private sector wages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of agricultural structures and projection optimal size is a necessity in rural areas of prime importance for the Romanian agriculture, both as a theoretical issue and practical implications of this phenomenon, regarding the current state of agriculture in the NE region and increased plots properties. The problem of determining optimal land structures is present in Romania, even after seventh land reform, when instead of merged land mass; it was sprayed, under the concept of constitution and reconstitution of the property in about 48 million parcels. In addition, it appears that households made (according to Law 18/1991, from 0.5 to 10 ha on average 2.5 ha) is unsustainable. Creating viable farms with medium size, after model and methods from Western European countries, in Romania is more difficult because there was the "tradition" that every land reform have mission to destroy accumulation of land, as happened particularly in land reform in 1945 (which destroyed large and medium reservoirs farms), land reform for cooperatives from 1949 to 1962 (which destroyed reservoirs farms) and finally the land reform of 1990 to 1991 (which destroyed the collections made in the agricultural cooperatives and inter-cooperative associations). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last two decades Romania has experienced one of the most serious demographic crises in its history. But regardless of this context, certain communities manage to preserve their demographic vitality at the local level in close connection to their cultural and social features. It is the case of Brăhăşeşti commune in Galați County, known for the large gipsy community living in Toflea, one of its component villages. Its recent demographic evolution extending over the last decades points out its strong differentiation within the county. Being characterized by tendencies which are opposed to the general ones, this community manages not only to keep its exceptional demographic potential but also to produce, by means of migration, a real dissemination in a relatively vast space comprising the whole south-eastern part of Moldavia. The main conclusion of the research is that this community has become not only the main population reservoir of the whole north-western part of Galați county but also the principal source of serious social problems as a consequence of the dimension of certain specific phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]