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In this study, we explore the dyeing properties of the extract of sappan wood natural dye for coloration of wool yarn to find the potential use of natural dyed wool yarn in the development of eco-friendly textiles. Different characterizations were used to know the chemistry of sappan wood dye and its interaction with metal salts and wool. Interestingly, we found that metal salts, which are called as mordants in reference to unmordanted dyed sample, play an important role in fixing the dye molecule on wool as well as in creating different shades with a variety of hues and tones. The typical color of fabric dyed with extracts of sappan wood without mordant varies from yellowish to red. Light yellowish shades were obtained in case of aluminum sulfate-mordanted samples, whereas yellowish shades were obtained in case of ferrous sulfate mordant. Light colorfastness of the premordanted dyed samples was relatively better than that of the unmordanted dyed samples. The wash fastness of all samples mordanted as well as unmordanted shows color change fairly good to good level, whereas the color staining on wool and cotton was found to be negligible.

In this study, we explore the dyeing properties of the extract of sappan wood natural dye for coloration of wool yarn to find the potential use of natural dyed wool yarn in the development of eco-friendly textiles. Different characterizations were used to know the chemistry of sappan wood dye and its interaction with metal salts and wool. Interestingly, we found that metal salts, which are called as mordants in reference to unmordanted dyed sample, play an important role in fixing the dye molecule on wool as well as in creating different shades with a variety of hues and tones. The typical color of fabric dyed with extracts of sappan wood without mordant varies from yellowish to red. Light yellowish shades were obtained in case of aluminum sulfate-mordanted samples, whereas yellowish shades were obtained in case of ferrous sulfate mordant. Light colorfastness of the premordanted dyed samples was relatively better than that of the unmordanted dyed samples. The wash fastness of all samples mordanted as well as unmordanted shows color change fairly good to good level, whereas the color staining on wool and cotton was found to be negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The searches for new sources of natural dyes have been recently increased in many countries. This article is aimed to explore the dyeing potential of Cassia fistula as a source of natural dye on wool. In this study, the anthraquinone colorants are extracted from fruit of Cassia fistula by aqueous extraction method. Mordanting and subsequent dyeing of wool with extracted colorants were then performed to study the colorimetric and fastness properties. Three metallic salts aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride and their combinations were used in this study to fix and increase the color as well as fastness properties of the substrate. UV visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis show identification of functional groups in the dye molecule. Colorimetric properties were analyzed by reflectance spectrometry in terms of L*, a*, b*, c*, h○ and K/S values. Color fastness was investigated in terms of light, wash and rub (dry/wet) tests. Results demonstrate that novel and fashionable brown shades with different hue and tone were obtained. Therefore, Cassia fistula has an exciting opportunity to be used as a source of natural dye in textile coloration.

This study was undertaken to propose alternative use for teak leaves, a timber industry byproduct, as potential dyeing source for wool fibers. The coloring potential of anthraquinone colorants from teak leaves were studied on wool with pre-mordanting method using double and triple mix metal salt combinations (ferrous sulphate, stannous chloride and potassium aluminum sulphate) as mordants. Thirty-six sober and elegant shades were developed on wool by varying the type of metal involved in combination as well as concentration of the dye. The hue of color developed ranged from light orange—brown to dark brown. The color strength (K/S) has been found to be very good in dyed woolen yarn samples and particularly was highest for iron + alum combination. Color fastness with respect to light exposure washing, rubbing for the developed shades ranged between good to very good, which confirmed the possibility of using waste leaves of Tectona grandis as a source of effective brown natural dye.

The searches for new sources of natural dyes have been recently increased in many countries. This article is aimed to explore the dyeing potential of Cassia fistula as a source of natural dye on wool. In this study, the anthraquinone colorants are extracted from fruit of Cassia fistula by aqueous extraction method. Mordanting and subsequent dyeing of wool with extracted colorants were then performed to study the colorimetric and fastness properties. Three metallic salts aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride and their combinations were used in this study to fix and increase the color as well as fastness properties of the substrate. UV visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis show identification of functional groups in the dye molecule. Colorimetric properties were analyzed by reflectance spectrometry in terms of L*, a*, b*, c*, h○ and K/S values. Color fastness was investigated in terms of light, wash and rub (dry/wet) tests. Results demonstrate that novel and fashionable brown shades with different hue and tone were obtained. Therefore, Cassia fistula has an exciting opportunity to be used as a source of natural dye in textile coloration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the root extract ofRheum emodi(Indian Rhubarb/Dolu/Revandchini) has been used as a natural dye to develop a variety of harmonizing natural shades on woolen yarn using combination of ecofriendly mixed metal mordants. Dyeings were carried out in neutral acidic, and alkaline medium using 0.5%–5% dye concentrations pre-treated with (4.5% iron + 0.1% tin), (2.5% iron + 0.5% tin), and (0.5% iron + 0.9% tin) mordant combinations. A total of 54 shades have been developed by varying the amount of dye and percentage combination of mordants. The hue of color ranged from reddish-brown, greenish-yellow to dark yellow. The color of dyed woolen yarns was investigated in terms of color strength (K/S), CIELab, CIELch values. Fastness properties (light, washing, and rub/crocking) of dyed woolen yarn samples were also assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the past two decade the textile industry has grown in high to export the fabrics to other countries. To export high quality fabrics, particularly cotton cloths, the colouring process plays major role in the dyeing domain. The dyeing is a dynamic, complex and involved various discipline. The dyeing process is difficult to automate processes, because of their interdisciplinary and dynamic in nature. Moreover, it is also critical to keep a check on the automated processes to produce the expected results in the form of quality and timely dyeing processes. Delivering high quality colours are very difficult due to lot of constraints, such as poor dye mix powders, bad processing methods, etc. Hence, the dyeing organizations were requiring quality dyeing process methods to produce perfect shade. Therefore, first time the process mining algorithms were used in the previous my research paper. But in this paper the alternative process model that is association rule mining approach was used in the domain of dyeing unit to produce better understanding dyeing process model in the form of association rules to overcome the difficulties and limitations of process mining algorithms. The benefit of association rule mining is very easy to understand the dyer to process the colour with little difficulties. Hence, these systems can reduce the cost, improved operational efficiencies, pH test error reduction, improved shade quality, etc. Therefore, the main focus of this paper is to implement the association rule mining approach in the dyeing unit and discussed the related issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]