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Objectives: We sought to analyze the outcomes of transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion using a variety of devices in infants weighing ≤6 kg., Background: Indications for transcatheter closure of a PDA in infancy include congestive heart failure and/or failure to thrive. Devices available for small infants may be problematic for various reasons, including sheath size, stiffness of delivery system, and anchoring and retrievability characteristics of the device. The Amplatzer Ductal Occluder is approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration for children weighing >6 kg and older than 6 months of age., Methods: We performed a multicenter, retrospective analysis of children weighing ≤6 kg in whom transcatheter PDA occlusion was attempted between January 1995 and November 2005 at Texas Children's Hospital and January 2001 to November 2005 at Children's Hospital of San Diego., Results: A total of 62 patients underwent attempted closure. The mean age at catheterization was 4.7 ± 2.8 months with a mean weight at catheterization of 4.6 ± 0.9 kg. Successful device placement was achieved in 58 of 62 patients (94%). Among those receiving a device, complete occlusion was noted in all 58 patients at either catheterization or last available follow-up., Conclusions: Percutaneous closure of PDA should be considered even in infants ≤6 kg., (Copyright © 2010 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: We report the use of non-ferromagnetic embolization coils for transcatheter PDA closure., Background: Transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure has been performed for 40 years. A number of devices have been used with varying degrees of success. Gianturco embolization coils have been used frequently since 1992 with excellent results. These coils are a stainless steel alloy, and create an artifact when subsequent MRI imaging is performed., Methods: Eight patients underwent right and left heart catheterization and transcatheter PDA closure. Angiography displayed a PDA with left to right shunting. The minimum PDA diameter was measured. An Inconel MReye coil was implanted using standard retrograde technique. A postimplant angiogram was performed. Evaluations were performed the following morning and after 2 months., Results: The median age was 5.5 years, median weight was 24 kg. The PDA minimum diameter was 1.7 mm (range 1.4-2.4 mm), with a median Qp:Qs=1.33:1. In all patients, the PDA was completely immediately closed using one Inconel coil. Two patients also had a small aorto-pulmonary collateral vessel that was occluded using a separate Inconel coil. All patients had follow-up evaluation the following day; the PDA remained completely occluded and there was no obstruction of the pulmonary artery branches or descending aorta. Seven patients had subsequent follow-up and echocardiograms; the PDA remained completely occluded. There were no complications., Conclusion: The Inconel MReye coil is safe and effective for coil occlusion of small PDA and aorto-pulmonary vessels. Additional studies are needed to define the maximum vessel diameter for Inconel coil occlusion., ((c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Background: A persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may delay closure of a coexisting atrial septal defect (ASD) due to volume loading and enlargement of the left atrium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural history of ASD size in patients with a PDA following transcatheter PDA occlusion., Methods: All patients with an ASD and a PDA who underwent transcatheter PDA occlusion at Texas Children's Hospital were identified. Patients with ASD diameter <3 mm, or additional cardiac defects were excluded. Eight patients (7 females) with small- to moderate-sized ASDs and a PDA were identified. Patient demographics, echocardiographic data, and cardiac catheterization data were recorded. Data were analyzed by 1-tailed t-test., Results: Following PDA occlusion, ASD diameter decreased in 6 of 8 patients by a mean of 3.8 mm (+/-2.3 mm), including 2 that closed. The median duration of follow-up was 689 days. One ASD remained unchanged and 1 increased in size. The mean maximum ASD diameter decreased from 6.4 mm (+/-2.2 mm) to 3.9 mm (+/-3.4 mm) (P = .03). Two patients underwent subsequent transcatheter ASD occlusion., Conclusion: Following transcatheter PDA occlusion, small- to moderate-sized ASDs have significant probability to decrease in size, and possibly close. In infants and children, we recommend transcatheter PDA occlusion, and serial follow-up of the size of the ASD. This will allow many small- to moderate-sized ASDs to either close, or become smaller, obviating the need for future intervention.