202 results on '"drogues"'
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2. ATV associated injuries: any changes after 20 years?
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Tallon, John M. and Sibley, Aaron
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- 2024
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3. Criminologia e literatura: O romance Via Ápia e as Unidades de Polícia Pacificadoras.
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Batista, Vera Malaguti
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POLICE brutality , *NEIGHBORHOODS , *PHARMACEUTICAL policy , *TRANSLATORS , *EVERYDAY life , *LITERATURE , *CRIMINOLOGY - Abstract
The following article considers the relations between literature and criminology based on the criminological tradition of Roberto Lyra and other interpreters of Brazilian structural violence in Machado de Assis. Based on an analysis of the novel Via Ápia by Geovani Martins, we reveal the context surrounding the implementation of Police Pacifying Units (UPPs) in the Rocinha neighborhood. The daily lives of Martins’ five young protagonists demonstrate the various consequences of such a project on the lives of the residents of the favelas in which the units were installed: the effects on the trade of illicit substances, the brutality and lethality of the police, and the militarized occupation of such places. Literature as a witness to history reveals itself as an important key to criminological interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Viabilidad de la despenalización del narcotráfico en Colombia como asunto de política criminal.
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Mandón Jiménez, Española Valentina and Coronel Peñuela, Diego Luis
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DECRIMINALIZATION ,LEGAL rights ,NARCOTICS ,RIGHT to health ,CRIMINALS ,DRUG legalization ,DRUGS ,PUBLIC institutions ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Copyright of Academia & Derecho is the property of Universidad Libre - Seccional Cucuta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
5. ‘Drug decriminalization’ in Canada: a plea for a nuanced, evidence-informed, and realistic approach towards improved health outcomes
- Author
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Fischer, Benedikt
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
6. Addressing overdose risks and fatalities in public bathrooms: insights from the development of a Safer Bathroom Toolkit in British Columbia, Canada
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Gagnon, Marilou, Goodyear, Trevor, Riley, Shannon, Sedgemore, Kali-olt, and Leyland, Hannah
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. De l'automédication au monopole de la prescription d'antalgiques : processus de confiscation d'un savoir profane en France.
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Dubus, Zoë
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ANALGESICS ,CONFISCATIONS ,PHARMACOPOEIAS ,MEDICALIZATION ,PHARMACISTS ,PSYCHIATRIC drugs - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Health History is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Consum de drogues, malestar psicològic i necessitat de suport relacionat amb successos vitals estressants en estudiants universitaris.
- Author
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Molina, Evelyne Hungria
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LIFE change events ,YOUNG adults ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,SOCIALIZATION ,DRUG addiction - Abstract
Copyright of Pedagogia i Treball Social is the property of Facultad de Educacion y Psicologia, Universitat de Girona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Off the Streets and into the Fortress: Experiments in Hip Separatism at Toronto's Rochdale College, 1968–1975.
- Author
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Henderson, Stuart
- Subjects
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SEPARATISTS , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *PERFORMATIVE (Philosophy) , *FREE schools , *COUNTERCULTURE - Abstract
Toronto's Rochdale College (1968–1975) represented something much more than simply a new venue for countercultural experimentation and identity in the centre of English Canada's biggest city. It served as a bridge between the hip emphasis on public performativity that characterized the Yorkville scene of the mid-1960s and the more private hip separatism of the early 1970s. The symbolic association between Rochdale and impenetrability was central to both Rochdalians' self-identification and its perception by outsiders; there also were connections between Rochdale and the broader trend toward hip separatism in the years after 1968. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
10. Drugs, sex, and the geographies of sexual health in Thailand, Southeast Asia.
- Author
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Del Casino Jr., Vincent J.
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SEXUALLY transmitted diseases , *SEXUAL health , *HIV infection transmission , *GEOGRAPHY , *GEOGRAPHERS , *CULTURAL geography - Abstract
Sexual health has made its way into the larger agenda of the discipline of geography, as an increasing number of geographers tackle issues related to the transmission of HIV as well as other sexually transmitted infections. A recent initiative by the Association of American Geographers also emphasizes the study of drug use in the discipline. Despite the increased attention sex practices and drug use have recently received, social geographers need to do more to foreground the theoretical insights that can be gained from interrogating the intersections of power and human-nonhuman relations that are part and parcel of these everyday practices. In so doing, social geographers can pry open the debates on subjectivity and everyday practice that currently reside more prominently in the field of cultural geography. Drawing broadly on primary and secondary research from Southeast Asia, this paper examines how health geographers in particular, and social and cultural geographers more generally, might ground their conceptual work on sociospatial identities and subjectivities through a more thorough engagement with the complex geographies of sex practices and drug use. This paper concludes with a discussion of a broader long-term research agenda that interrogates the interrelationships among the geographies of sex, drugs, and sexual health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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11. Vulnérabilités et capacités d’agir liées au genre dans l’usage et la vente de drogues
- Author
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Perrin, Sarah
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social supply ,drogues ,performance de genre ,genre ,police ,gender ,délinquance ,delinquency ,usage-revente ,drugs ,gender performance - Abstract
Les carrières délinquantes des femmes dans l’usage et la revente de drogues ont moins été analysées que celles des hommes en France. Le genre a peu été questionné par les recherches sur l’usage-revente, alors même que les interpelés par la police pour Infraction à la Législation sur les Stupéfiants sont essentiellement des jeunes hommes précaires et racisés et que les usages de drogues se féminisent. Cet article analyse les trajectoires de femmes insérées socialement dans l’usage-revente en s’intéressant à leurs vulnérabilités et capacités d’agir, tant dans leurs relations avec la police qu’avec les hommes consommateurs et vendeurs de drogues, à Bordeaux. Les résultats présentés reposent sur 27 entretiens réalisés avec des usagères-revendeuses, 12 entretiens réalisés avec des usagers-revendeurs et 11 entretiens effectués avec des policiers et une magistrate. Dans le milieu étudié des ventes et des usages, les femmes sont décrédibilisées, considérées comme inaptes à la violence, sexualisées et fréquemment victimes de tentatives d’escroquerie et de violences. Elles peuvent cependant retirer des capacités d’agir de cette stigmatisation genrée, en tirant profit de stéréotypes de douceur et de fiabilité liés à une forme de sexisme bienveillant pour se constituer une clientèle, ou en mobilisant leur sexualisation pour obtenir des produits gratuits ou moins cher. Leur discrétion face à la police constitue également une ressource centrale. Les policiers, mus par un impératif managérial d’efficacité, interpellent en effet essentiellement des jeunes hommes racisés. Les femmes sont moins soupçonnées, mais aussi moins contrôlables du fait de la faiblesse des effectifs féminins au sein de la police. Les usagères-revendeuses sont conscientes des critères qui orientent les profilages policiers, et elles les mobilisent pour diminuer les risques répressifs, notamment en performant leur genre. Le genre agit ainsi comme une matrice de sélection dans la sanction formelle des conduites déviantes. The delinquent careers of women in use and sale of drugs have been less analyzed than those of men in France. Gender has been little questioned by research on social supply, even though those arrested by the police for a drug-related reason are mainly young, precarious and racialized men and drug use is becoming more feminized. This article analyzes the trajectories of socially included women into social supply by focusing on their vulnerabilities and agencies, both in their relations with the police and with men who use and sell drugs, in Bordeaux. The results presented are based on 27 interviews with women who use and sell drugs, 12 interviews with men who use and sell drugs, and 11 interviews with police officers and a magistrate. In the studied environment of drug sale and drug use, women are discredited, considered unfit for violence and sexualized, frequently victims of attempted fraud and violence. They can, however, withdraw agency from this gendered stigma, by taking advantage of stereotypes of gentleness and reliability linked to a form of benevolent sexism to build up a clientele, or by mobilizing their sexualization to obtain free or cheaper products. Their discretion with the police is also a central resource. Police officers, driven by a managerial imperative of efficiency, essentially arrest young racialized men. Women are less suspected, but also less controllable due to the small number of women in the police. Women who use and sell drugs are aware of the criteria that guide police profiling, and they mobilize them to reduce the risks of repression, in particular by mobilizing gender performances. Gender thus acts as a selection matrix in the formal sanction of deviant behavior.
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- 2023
12. Les représentations des prisonniers à l’égard des mesures de réduction des risques
- Author
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Filipe, Estelle, Trouiller-Gerfaux, Philippe, Abel, Sylvie, Bayet, Guillaume, and Jauffret-Roustide, Marie
- Subjects
drogues ,représentations ,representations ,prison ,réduction des risques ,harm reduction ,drugs ,sexualité ,sexuality - Abstract
À partir de l’enquête quantitative ANRS-Coquelicot-Prisons, cet article interroge les représentations des prisonniers sur la mise en place de kits d’injection et l’accessibilité des préservatifs en prison. Les kits d’injection ne sont pas disponibles dans les prisons en France et leur mise en place cristallise les débats. Quant aux préservatifs, leur accessibilité reste variable selon les établissements. Afin de connaître les opinions des prisonniers vis-à-vis de ces mesures de réduction des risques, une typologie a été construite à partir de réponses ouvertes, celle-ci met en évidence les divergences d’opinions au sein des groupes et leurs caractéristiques. Ces résultats amènent à repenser la manière dont la parole des concernés peut être associée pour améliorer ces dispositifs. Prisoners representations of harm reduction measures. The case of injection kits and condoms Based on the ANRS-Coquelicot-Prisons quantitative survey, this article questions prisoners representations of the provision of injection kits and the accessibility of condoms in prison. Injection kits are not available in French prisons and their implementation crystallizes the debates. As for condoms, their accessibility remains variable from one prison to another. In order to find out the opinions of prisoners with regard to these harm reduction measures, a typology was constructed from open-ended responses, which highlights the differences of opinion within the groups and their characteristics. These results lead us to rethink the way in which the opinions of those concerned can be combined to improve these measures.
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- 2023
13. Aymon de Lestrange, Plantes visionnaires du Mexique. Chroniqueurs, écrivains et chercheurs
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Exbalin, Arnaud
- Subjects
drogues ,Inquisition ,psychotropics ,psychotropes ,prohibition ,Spanish Inquisition ,drugs ,spiritisme ,Inquisición ,prohibición ,drogas ,sicotrópicos ,spiritualism ,espiritismo - Abstract
Le 18 mai 1956, confiné dans son bureau du Muséum National d’histoire naturelle, le très docte mycologue Roger Heim, ingéra une bonne centaine de grammes de Psilocybe cubensis. Il en fit la description suivante : « J’observai autour de moi toute une série de phénomènes nouveaux : tout d’abord, la sensation d’une profondeur accrue des objets environnants, avec intercalation de plans additifs […]. Bientôt le dédoublement des ...
- Published
- 2023
14. Hip-Hop feminism : representations of female development in Roxanne Roxanne and Push
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Gokhool, Wendy and Brown, Caroline
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feminism ,drogues ,crack ,rape ,inceste ,racisme ,drugs ,viol ,misogynoir ,incest ,cocaïne ,féminisme ,esclavage ,Afro-Américain ,misogynie ,African American ,Hip-hop ,racism ,intersectionality - Abstract
Cette thèse se concentre sur les expériences des personnages féminins qui représentent les jeunes mères Afro-Américaines, dans le film biographique, Roxanne Roxanne, basé sur l’artiste de rap Lolita Shante Gooden; et dans le roman Push, de Sapphire, nom de plume de Ramona Lofton. Contrairement aux générations précédentes, aujourd’hui les féministes noires de la quatrième vague du féminisme analysent ce que les féministes hip-hop ont essayé de développer depuis la deuxième vague de féminisme. Le féminisme hip-hop permet d’examiner des questions liées à la misogynie de la culture hip-hop et parmi d’autres points concernent les femmes noires dans cet espace. Quel rôle jouent les hommes? Et qu’est-ce que cela représente dans un cadre culturel plus large? Comment les mères et les filles sont-elles représentées et affectées? Comment les enfants de ces femmes sont-ils touchés, et quelle dynamique se déroule alors dans la relation mère-fille? Mes questions servent à approfondir des sujets qui sont sous-explorées dans les études de hip-hop. Le livre The New Jim Crow par l’activiste des droits civiques et avocate Michelle Alexander est fondamental dans le contexte de ce mémoire. Les informations historiques de l’enquête d’Alexander sur la campagne américaine, « The War on Drugs », dévoilent le système de criminalisation raciale aux États-Unis et ses infrastructures sociopolitique et économique. Ce système est conçu pour contrôler la population noire depuis l’époque de la traite transatlantique des esclaves. Les œuvres hip-hop féministes ne contribuent pas seulement à augmenter la sensibilisation sur les sujets intimes pour les Afro-Américaines; mais elles aident aussi à exposer les idéologies sexistes et raciales qui privent le corps féminin noir de ses droits dans la culture populaire., This thesis focuses on the lives of female characters that left young mothers fending for survival in two works: the biopic, Roxanne Roxanne, based on rap artist Lolita Shante Gooden; and, the novel Push, by Sapphire—pen name of Ramona Lofton. Unlike previous generations, today’s fourth-wave black feminists analyze what hip-hop feminists have been trying to develop since the second wave of feminism. Hip-hop feminism enables the examination of issues related to the misogynoir of hip-hop culture, and the struggles black females encounter in this space. What role do men perform? And what does this represent within a larger cultural framework? How are mothers and daughters portrayed, and affected by hip-hop culture? How are the children of such females impacted, and what dynamic then takes place in the mother-daughter relationship? My questions serve to dig deeper into topics that are underexplored in hip-hop gender studies—specifically in working-class urban communities. Fundamental to my exploring hip-hop feminist issues is my reliance on The New Jim Crow, by civil rights activist and lawyer, Michelle Alexander. Using historical insight from Alexander’s investigation on the War on Drugs, my thesis unveils the racial criminalization system in the United States, and the larger socio-political and economical infrastructure designed to control the black population since the transatlantic slave trade. The conditions of impoverished black communities, in turn, sabotage the development of black females. Feminist hip-hop works not only contribute to creating awareness about intimate, gendered issues; but also, they help further challenge racialized ideologies that disenfranchise the black female body in popular culture.
- Published
- 2023
15. ADOLESCENTES USUÁRIOS DE DROGAS E A DESINSERÇÃO SOCIAL.
- Author
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Ferrari, Ilka Franco and Silva Januzzi, Mônica Eulália da
- Subjects
- *
SEMI-structured interviews , *DRUG addiction , *PSYCHOANALYSIS , *CARTOGRAPHY , *TEAMS - Abstract
The text in question sought to answer how the difficulties of adherence to treatment, presented by adolescent drug users, can benefit the work carried out in the Psychosocial Care Centers of Children-Juvenile (CAPSi) of the state of Minas Gerais. It highlights, among others, the difficulty that has been called "social disinsertion." The theoretical/practical field of psychoanalysis guided the work through the unique case method, which allows universalized results respecting the singularities, that is, a universal achieved from the singular. Fragments of the semi-structured interviews conducted with the five youths studied, indicated by the service teams because they are considered paradigmatic of those who had difficulties with adherence, and with the professionals who accompanied them are used to support the considerations presented, considering the cartography of their lives involved in the process. It was found that the effects of symbolic dismissals of the Other, in the contemporary, have favored the establishment of subjective modes of social disconnection, such as drug addiction, and that the way The text in question sought to answer how the difficulties of adherence to treatment, presented by adolescent drug users, can benefit the work carried out in the Psychosocial Care Centers of Children-Juvenile (CAPSi) of the state of Minas Gerais. It highlights, among others, the difficulty that has been called "social disinsertion." The theoretical/practical field of psychoanalysis guided the work through the unique case method, which allows universalized results respecting the singularities, that is, a universal achieved from the singular. Fragments of the semi-structured interviews conducted with the five youths studied, indicated by the service teams because they are considered paradigmatic of those who had difficulties with adherence, and with the professionals who accompanied them are used to support the considerations presented, considering the cartography of their lives involved in the process. It was found that the effects of symbolic dismissals of the Other, in the contemporary, have favored the establishment of subjective modes of social disconnection, such as drug addiction, and that the way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Vendre le ginseng nord-américain en Chine : une bulle spéculative globale au milieu du XVIIIe siècle.
- Author
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MARKOVITS, Rahul
- Abstract
Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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17. La route des succédanés. Les remèdes exotiques, l’innovation médicale et le marché des substituts au XVIe siècle.
- Author
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BOUMEDIENE, Samir and PUGLIANO, Valentina
- Abstract
Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Avaliação neuropsicológica do funcionamento executivo, níveis de ansiedade, depressão e raiva de poliusuários de drogas: um estudo comparativo.
- Author
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Madeira Fortes, Paula, Binsfeld Hess, Adriana Raquel, D'Incao Marrone, Daniela, Simon Hutz, Claudio, and Martins de Almeida, Rosa Maria
- Subjects
- *
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *THERAPEUTIC communities , *ANGER , *CONTROL groups , *STANDARD deviations , *MILIEU therapy - Abstract
The objective of this research was to perform neuropsychological evaluation of executive functions, levels of anxiety, depression and anger in polyusers of drugs that were hospitalized in a protected environment (Therapeutic Communities) and were abstinent, compared to a control group. Participants were 65 men with a mean age of 30.01 years (SD = 8.70 years) divided into two groups: control (n = 37) and cocaine / crack, marijuana and alcohol users (n = 28). The mean abstinence period was 57.03 (SD = 37.81) days. Among the executive functions evaluated, no significant differences were found. However, the results indicated a statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to depression (p = 0.002) and anger, through higher levels of expression of anger (p = 0.037) and of inward anger (p = 0.001) and out (p = 0.003) in the clinical groups, when compared to the non-clinical group. Drug polyusers have shown impairments in emotional functions when compared to individuals who do not use psychoactive substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. La fête en basse (ou en baisse d’)intensité
- Author
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Monique Dagnaud
- Subjects
H1-99 ,fêtes ,drogues ,ordalie ,pandémie ,excess ,pandemic ,chaos ,excès ,subversion ,General Medicine ,young people ,drugs ,HM401-1281 ,Social sciences (General) ,partying ,putting to the test ,Sociology (General) ,jeunesse - Abstract
L’article replace la notion de fête dans le cadre des grands textes de l’anthropologie, de l’idée de rupture des temps sociaux à celle d’apothéose du présent et de la subversion. Puis, se situant dans la période contemporaine, dans le cadre de la fête-existence, il explore les comportements festifs d’une fraction de la jeunesse au début des années 1980, marqués par les polyconsommations de drogues et d’alcool, des virées nocturnes sans fin et des excès en tout genre désignant la difficulté de ces jeunes à entrer dans l’âge adulte et de parvenir à une insertion sociale. Retournant sur ces pratiques de fêtes au début des années 2020, il signale une certaine baisse d’intensité de ces pratiques en raison du poids que les réseaux sociaux occupent dans la vie de la jeunesse : construction des rencontres via les liens numériques, obsession narcissique de l’image de soi et prudence sanitaire face à la pandémie de la Covid-19. The piece is focused on anthropological main theories on the notion of parties and celebration: breaks in social schedule, apotheosis of the present time and subversion. Then, it explores behaviours of the youth in the 80s with high consumption of drugs and alchool, endless night trips, and excessive practices of many kinds, pointing out the relunctancies of young people to become adult in a context of difficult social integration. Going back to these practices in the early months of 2020 the author shows that one can observe a decline in the intensity of these parties and risky behaviours. Several arguments explain the shift: the importance of social networks in the life of the youth, especially concerning the romantic and sexual affairs, narcissism occured thougth netwoks like Instagram and the threat of the pandemy.
- Published
- 2021
20. Meeting the war in Brazil: between psychoanalysis, Clausewitz and Foucault
- Author
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Aline Souza Martins, Miriam Debieux Rosa, and Andréa Máris Campos Guerra
- Subjects
psicoanálisis ,drogues ,adolescencia ,guerra ,política ,psychoanalysis ,psychanalyse ,guerre ,drugs ,politique ,psicanálise ,droga ,adolescence ,war ,politics ,adolescência ,General Psychology - Abstract
Resumo A guerra do tráfico de drogas no Brasil tem ganhado destaque nas pesquisas dentro da psicologia pelo significativo número de mortes relacionadas a este fenômeno. Partindo da descrição dos cinco primeiros dias de encontro entre pesquisadores e adolescentes envolvidos com o fenômeno descrito, pretende-se apontar alguns pontos de aproximação e diferença entre ele e o que é chamado pelo significante “guerra” na filosofia de Clawsewitz e Foucault. Para tanto, foi feita uma descrição do campo, seguida pela problematização, retomando três aportes teóricos: a tese da guerra como continuação da política, de Clausewitz; a inversão feita por Foucault que sustenta o Racismo de Estado; e um aprofundamento psicanalítico sobre as diversas modalidades dos conflitos sob o nome de guerra. Concluindo, essa análise resultou na tese de que existe uma guerra no Brasil como consequência do sistema político excludente, denunciada pelos jovens envolvidos com o tráfico de drogas. Abstract The ‘war on drugs’ promoted in Brazil has gained prominence in psychology research due to the ensuing significant number of deaths. By describing the five first meetings held with teenagers, the researchers highlight some similarities and differences between the described phenomenon and what Clausewitz and Foucault call ‘war.’ To this end, after describing the field research, the paper discusses three theoretical points: Clausewitz’s thesis that war is the continuation of politics; Foucault’s inversion, which sustain state racism; and an in-depth psychoanalysis of the various forms of conflict under the umbrella-term ‘war.’ In conclusion, this analysis point out the war going on in Brazil as a consequence of the exclusionary political system, denounced by youths involved in drug trafficking. Résumé La guerre au trafic de drogues promue au Brésil a pris de l’importance dans la recherche en psychologie en raison du nombre important des décès qu’elle a entraîné. En décrivant les cinq premières réunions tenues avec des adolescents, les chercheurs souligne certaines similitudes et différence entre le phénomène décrit et ce que Clausewitz et Foucault appellent la « guerre ». Pour cela, après avoir décrit la recherche, l’article discute de trois points théoriques : la thèse de Clausewitz, selon laquelle la guerre est le prolongement de la politique; l’inversion faite par Foucault, qui soutient le racisme d’État ; et une psychanalyse approfondie des différentes formes de conflit sous le terme générique de « guerre ». En conclusion, cette analyse met en évidence la guerre qui se déroule au Brésil comme une conséquence du système politique d’exclusion dénoncé par les jeunes impliqués dans le trafic de drogue. Resumen La guerra en contra del tráfico de drogas en Brasil ha ganado atención en la investigación en psicología debido al número significativo de muertes relacionadas a este fenómeno. Partiendo de la descripción de los cinco primeros días de encuentro entre investigadores y adolescentes envueltos en el fenómeno descrito, se pretende señalar algunos puntos de aproximación y diferencia entre este y lo que es llamado por el significante “guerra” en la filosofía de Clausewitz y Foucault. Para esto, se llevó a cabo una descripción de campo, seguida por la problematización con tres aportes teóricos: la tesis de la guerra como extensión de la política de Clausewitz; la inversión hecha por Foucault que sustenta el Racismo de Estado; y una profundización psicoanalítica sobre las diversas modalidades de los conflictos bajo el nombre de guerra. En conclusión, este análisis constató la tesis de que existe una guerra en Brasil como consecuencia de un sistema político excluyente, denunciada por los jóvenes envueltos con tráfico de drogas.
- Published
- 2022
21. El consumo de drogas como sostén narcisista en la adolescencia.
- Author
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Brack Gamboa, Adolfo and Cornejo Portilla, Rodrigo
- Subjects
- *
ADOLESCENCE , *DRUG utilization - Abstract
The scientific tradition has found an explanation for the drug consumption in the adolescence, in the endocrine transformation and in the environmental conditions, opening the door to a treatment where the subjectivity has hardly been read as such. The following research proposes to understand adolescence as the process that begins at puberty, reactivates the infantile conflicts of the subject, thus demanding a psychic reorganization leading to its subjectivation; situating from this viewpoint, the consumption of drugs as a possibility to mourn or not that kind of situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Définir les troubles liés aux substances psychoactives à partir de données administratives.
- Author
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Huynh, Christophe, Rochette, Louis, Pelletier, Éric, and Lesage, Alain
- Abstract
Copyright of Sante Mentale au Quebec is the property of Revue Sante Mentale au Quebec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. ADICCIÓN Y DESEO: EL DESANUDAMIENTO DEL SUJETO.
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Zúñiga Urriago, Jeffri Alexánder and Erazo Erazo, Daiana
- Abstract
This paper is the result of a theoretical research. It aims at describing the status of desire in drug addiction by taking into account the notions of object, body, and time. It steps away from the idea of addiction as self-flagellation to understand it as a form of protection from pain in an absolute narcissism, which means a desubjectivation due to the "operation of the phármakon". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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24. The will in Vygotsky: contributions to the understanding of the "craving" in drug addiction.
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dos Santos, Júlia Loren and Dalla, Marcelo Vecchia
- Subjects
- *
DESIRE , *DRUG addiction , *DRUG utilization , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Craving is a central issue in the care of people with problems due to the use of alcohol and other drugs, and is considered an inability to control the desire for consumption. However, there is no clear definition of this phenomenon. We investigated the concept of will in the works of Lev S. Vygotsky (1896-1934), considering that his approach could contribute to understanding the craving. We reviewed the literature on craving and performed a focal analysis of the concept of will in selected texts by Vygotsky. Despite the controversies over the definition of the craving phenomenon, Vygotsky's proposition that the will is a superior psychological function mediated by auxiliary motives makes it possible to deepen the understanding of the craving. Craving management thus depends not only on individual initiative, but also on questions about the social, political, and historical logic that presides over the meanings of drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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25. How could the drug procurement procedure be improved to ensure good quality drugs, at the right time, in the required quantities and at an advantageous cost? The Ecuadorian case
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Meythaler Galarza, Beatriz
- Subjects
medicamentos ,acquisitions ,drogues ,health ,acquisizioni ,costo ,drugs ,salute ,aquisições ,salud ,cost ,saúde ,drogas ,droghe ,adquisiciones ,santé - Abstract
The public procurement process is used by countries, especially developing countries, to obtain medicines of good quality, on time, at an affordable price and in the quantities necessary for the benefit of the population. In this way, states safeguard the right to health of their populations. Unfortunately, public procurement is subject to mismanagement and corruption, leading to price inflation, the distribution of poor quality drugs, shortages and waste, with final consequences for the poor and vulnerable. For this reason, this document will analyze how to transform an inefficient public procurement system into one that effectively meets the needs of the population and does not violate citizens' right to health. The analysis will be based on the Ecuadorian case, characterized by serious flaws. To this end, this paper will review the existing literature on the factors influencing the efficiency of public procurement and the characteristics of an efficient public procurement system to determine how our public procurement systems can be improved to ensure timely and cost-effective access. to drugs efficiently. JEL CODE: D73, K4 ASTRATTOIl processo di approvvigionamento pubblico è utilizzato dai Paesi, soprattutto da quelli in via di sviluppo, per ottenere farmaci di buona qualità, in tempo, a un prezzo accessibile e nelle quantità necessarie a beneficio della popolazione. In questo modo, gli Stati salvaguardano il diritto alla salute delle loro popolazioni. Sfortunatamente, gli appalti pubblici sono soggetti a cattiva gestione e corruzione, che portano all’inflazione dei prezzi, alla distribuzione di farmaci di scarsa qualità, alla carenza e allo spreco, con conseguenze finali sui poveri e sui vulnerabili. Per questo motivo, il presente documento analizzerà come trasformare un sistema di approvvigionamento pubblico inefficiente in uno che risponda efficacemente alle esigenze della popolazione e non violi il diritto alla salute dei cittadini. L’analisi si baserà sul caso ecuadoriano, caratterizzato da gravi difetti. A tal fine, il presente documento esaminerà la letteratura esistente sui fattori che influenzano l’efficienza degli appalti pubblici e le caratteristiche di un sistema di appalti pubblici efficiente per stabilire come i nostri sistemi di appalti pubblici possano essere migliorati per garantire un accesso tempestivo e conveniente ai farmaci in modo efficiente. PAROLE CHIAVE: farmaci, salute, acquisizioni, costi. RESUMENEl proceso de negociación pública es utilizado por los países, especialmente los países en desarrollo, para obtener medicamentos de buena calidad, rápidamente, a precios razonables y en las cantidades requeridas para el beneficio de la población. De esta manera, los estados salvaguardan el derecho a la salud de la población. Desafortunadamente, la negociación pública está sujeta a la mala gestión y la corrupción, lo que conduce al aumento de los precios, la distribución de medicamentos de mala calidad, la escasez y la desesperación, que en última instancia afectan a los pobres y vulnerables. Por ello, el presente trabajo analiza cómo un sistema de negociación pública ineficiente puede convertirse en uno que satisfaga efectivamente las necesidades de la población y no vulnere el derecho a la salud de las personas. El análisis se basa en el caso ecuatoriano, caracterizado por graves defectos. Por esta razón, este documento examina la literatura existente sobre los factores que afectan la negociación pública eficiente y las características de un sistema de negociación pública eficiente para determinar cómo mejorar nuestros sistemas de negociación pública para garantizar el acceso inmediato y asequible a los medicamentos. CODICE JEL: D73, K4 Le processus de passation des marchés publics est utilisé par les pays, en particulier les pays en développement, pour obtenir des médicaments de bonne qualité, à temps, à un prix abordable et dans les quantités nécessaires au bénéfice de la population. De cette manière, les États garantissent le droit à la santé de leurs populations. Malheureusement, les marchés publics sont sujets à une mauvaise gestion et à la corruption, entraînant une inflation des prix, la distribution de médicaments de mauvaise qualité, des pénuries et du gaspillage, avec des conséquences finales pour les pauvres et les vulnérables. Pour cette raison, ce document analysera comment transformer un système de passation des marchés publics inefficace en un système qui répond efficacement aux besoins de la population et ne viole pas le droit des citoyens à la santé. L'analyse sera basée sur le cas équatorien, caractérisé par de graves lacunes. À cette fin, ce document passera en revue la littérature existante sur les facteurs influençant l'efficacité des marchés publics et les caractéristiques d'un système de passation des marchés publics efficace afin de déterminer comment nos systèmes de passation des marchés publics peuvent être améliorés pour garantir un accès rapide et rentable. efficacement aux médicaments. CODE JEL : D73, K4 La procedura di appalto pubblico è utilizzata dai paesi, in particolare dai paesi in via di sviluppo, per ottenere medicinali di buona qualità, in tempo, a un prezzo accessibile e nelle quantità necessarie a beneficio della popolazione. In questo modo gli stati salvaguardano il diritto alla salute delle loro popolazioni. Sfortunatamente, gli appalti pubblici sono soggetti a cattiva gestione e corruzione, che portano all'inflazione dei prezzi, alla distribuzione di farmaci di scarsa qualità, alla penuria e allo spreco, con conseguenze finali per i poveri ei vulnerabili. Per questo motivo, questo documento analizzerà come trasformare un sistema di appalti pubblici inefficiente in uno che soddisfi efficacemente i bisogni della popolazione e non violi il diritto alla salute dei cittadini. L'analisi si baserà sul caso ecuadoriano, caratterizzato da gravi carenze. A tal fine, questo documento esaminerà la letteratura esistente sui fattori che influenzano l'efficienza degli appalti pubblici e le caratteristiche di un sistema efficiente di appalti pubblici per determinare come i nostri sistemi di appalti pubblici possono essere migliorati per garantire un accesso tempestivo ed economicamente vantaggioso. ai farmaci in modo efficiente. CODICE JEL: D73, K4 O processo de compras públicas é utilizado pelos países, especialmente os países em desenvolvimento, para obter medicamentos de boa qualidade, na hora, a um preço acessível e nas quantidades necessárias para o benefício da população. Dessa forma, os Estados salvaguardam o direito à saúde de suas populações. Infelizmente, as compras públicas estão sujeitas a má gestão e corrupção, levando à inflação de preços, distribuição de medicamentos de má qualidade, escassez e desperdício, com consequências finais para os pobres e vulneráveis. Por isso, este documento analisará como transformar um sistema de compras públicas ineficiente em um que atenda efetivamente às necessidades da população e não viole o direito dos cidadãos à saúde. A análise será baseada no caso equatoriano, caracterizado por graves falhas. Para este fim, este artigo revisará a literatura existente sobre os fatores que influenciam a eficiência da contratação pública e as características de um sistema de contratação pública eficiente para determinar como nossos sistemas de contratação pública podem ser melhorados para garantir acesso oportuno e econômico. às drogas de forma eficiente. CÓDIGO JEL: D73, K4
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- 2022
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26. La guerre contre la drogue et les femmes : analyse du cadre juridique international en matière de drogues et ses conséquences pour les droits des femmes aux États-Unis
- Author
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Mombleau, Raphaëlle and Duplessis, Isabelle
- Subjects
women's rights ,États-Unis ,Droit international ,criminalization ,Drogues ,Criminalisation ,international law ,drugs ,Droit des femmes - Abstract
Les mesures prohibitionnistes en matière de drogue se sont répandues peu à peu à l'échelle internationale au début du 20e siècle. L'influence montante des États-Unis sur la scène internationale au tournant de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale a permis à ce chef de file en matière de prohibition des drogues de mettre en place un cadre juridique international calqué sur sa politique nationale répressive et punitive. Le cadre juridique international en matière de drogues actuellement en vigueur est fondé sur trois conventions internationales adoptées entre 1961 et 1988 : la Convention unique sur les stupéfiants de 1961 telle que modifiée par le Protocole de 1972, la Convention de 1971 sur les substances psychotropes et la Convention des Nations Unies contre le trafic illicite de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes de 1988. La ratification quasi universelle des trois conventions internationales en matière de drogues a concrétisé une réelle harmonisation des politiques nationales et, ainsi, internationalisé la prohibition de même que la guerre contre la drogue. Au cours des années 90, dans le sillage des discussions entourant la violation des droits de la personne dans l'application de la prohibition internationale de la drogue, la situation particulière des femmes face aux politiques en matière de drogues a fait l'objet d'une attention nouvelle. Aux États-Unis, depuis le renforcement de la répression des drogues au cours des années 80 par l'administration de Ronald Reagan, la guerre contre la drogue s'est mutée en guerre contre les femmes. L'arsenal législatif mis en place pour combattre cette guerre a eu un impact démesuré sur les femmes, dont la criminalisation est souvent liée à des infractions non violentes en lien avec la drogue. De même, l'acharnement médiatique sur les femmes qui consomment de la drogue durant la grossesse au cours des années 80 et 90 a contribué la persécution et la criminalisation des femmes enceintes, transformant ainsi l'utérus en nouveau champ de bataille de la guerre contre la drogue., Prohibitionist drug measures gradually spread internationally in the early 20th century. The growing influence of the United States on the international scene at the turn of the Second World War allowed this leader in drug prohibition to set up an international legal framework modelled on its repressive and punitive national policy. The current international legal framework on drugs is based on three international conventions adopted between 1961 and 1988: the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol, the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 and the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988. The near-universal ratification of the three international drug conventions has led to a true harmonization of national policies and thus to the internationalization of both drug prohibition and the war on drugs. In the 1990s, in the wake of discussions regarding the violation of human rights in the implementation of international drug prohibition, the particular situation of women in relation to drug policies gained visibility. In the United States, since the Ronald Reagan administration strengthened drug enforcement in the 1980s, the war on drugs has become a war on women. The legislative arsenal put in place to fight this war has had a disproportionate impact on women, whose criminalization is often linked to non-violent drug-related offenses. Similarly, the media focus on women who use drugs during pregnancy in the 1980s and 1990s contributed to the persecution and criminalization of pregnant women, turning the womb into the new battlefield of the war on drugs.
- Published
- 2022
27. Impacto do uso de Crack nas funções executivas: uma revisão sistemática.
- Author
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Binsfeld Hess, Adriana Raquel, Albea da Silva, Raquel, and Martins de Almeida, Rosa Maria
- Abstract
Neuropsychological studies suggest that cocaine / crack cocaine dependents tend to present cognitive alterations, mainly in the mnemonic, attentional and executive functions, relating the use of crack to damages in these functions. Such damages can impact in several areas of the user's life, especially in the adherence to the treatment and, consequently, in its rehabilitation. In order to better understand the impact of crack use on executive functions, the present article presents a systematic review of the literature on the neuropsychological evaluation of executive functions in crack users, since the use of this drug has been associated with losses in Functions (FE). A survey of articles indexed in the Lilacs, Medline, PsycInfo, Pubmed, Scielo and Web of Science databases from 2004 to 2017 was performed using the descriptors in Portuguese "crack" AND "executive function" OR "functions Executive "AND" neuropsic * "; And in English, "crack" AND "executive function" OR "executive functions" AND "neuropsyc *". In total, 14 articles were accepted that met the criteria and were presented and discussed. The findings showed that there is a variability among the tests used, with the most commonly selected being the Trail Making Test, the Stroop Test, Digits, the Wisconsin Card Classification Test and the Iowa Gambling Task. The majority of studies reviewed suggest an association between crack use and executive dysfunction. The understanding of the executive functioning of crack users is socially relevant, having an important impact in the elaboration of treatment and rehabilitation programs. The present review study points out the need for new empirical research that has groups of comparison with a larger number of participants, making the findings more representative and reliable of the researched population, thus broadening the understanding of the relationship between executive functioning and dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
28. Estudos Críticos da Paz e Crime Organizado Transnacional.
- Author
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FERREIRA, MARCOS ALAN S. V.
- Subjects
ORGANIZED crime ,PEACE & society ,VIOLENCE ,DRUGS - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Drogues, les nouveaux produits de synthèse : nouveaux défis pour la santé et la sécurité publiques.
- Author
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Brousse, Florent, Deseille, Julie, Ferdonnet, Mathilde, Gond, Alain, Lafargue, Paul, Marc, Bernard, and Raveneau, Jacques
- Abstract
Résumé Depuis maintenant un peu plus d’une dizaine d’années, sont apparus, à côté des drogues traditionnelles (cannabis, héroïne, cocaïne et amphétamines), des produits issus de la synthèse chimique et qui répondent d’ailleurs aux attentes des consommateurs à la recherche, notamment, d’effets euphorisants et hallucinatoires plus puissants et qu’il est possible de se procurer de façon discrète par Internet, nouveau mode d’approvisionnement par voie postale, à l’origine de nouvelles habitudes de consommation. Ces nouvelles drogues ou NPS – Nouveaux Produits de Synthèse – dont des dizaines apparaissent chaque année, envahissent le marché des molécules psychotropes illégales avec des conséquences non seulement souvent dramatiques en termes de santé publique mais qui posent également un réel problème de lutte contre leur trafic par Internet. Summary For nearly a decade, products of chemical synthesis have appeared beside traditional drugs (cannabis, heroin, cocaine and amphetamines). These products meet the consumers expectations who are also looking for, notably, euphoric and more powerful hallucinatory effects and that can be purchased on a discrete manner on Internet, the new supply network by post, and source of new consumption habits. These new drugs or NPS - New Psychoactive Substances - whose dozens emerge each year, swamp the market of illegal psychotropic molecules, and the consequences are not only often dramatic in terms of public health but also a major issue in the fight against their traffic on Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
30. The effects of detrimental drinking patterns and drug use on female homicide victimization rates across Europe.
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Stamatel, Janet P.
- Subjects
- *
DETRIMENTAL reliance , *WOMEN murderers , *CRIME victims , *LIQUOR laws - Abstract
This study examines the extent to which drinking patterns and drug use can explain cross-national variations in female homicide victimization across Europe. Given the limitations in measuring femicide consistently across a large number of countries, this study uses mortality data on recorded female deaths as a proxy to explain differences in levels of this kind of violence against women across Europe. In particular, it focuses on national-level patterns of alcohol and drug use as predictors, controlling for other known structural correlates. Contrary to findings of previous studies, cultural drinking patterns were not significantly related to female homicide victimization in this sample of countries, but detrimental drug use was. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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31. La décriminalisation de la possession simple de l’ensemble des drogues : ses limites
- Author
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Line Beauchesne
- Subjects
Social Sciences and Humanities ,drogues ,Decriminalisation ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,drug possession ,Décriminalisation ,possession simple ,drugs - Abstract
Dans cet article, nous nous interrogeons à savoir si le choix d’une décriminalisation de la possession pour usage personnel de l’ensemble des drogues qu’ont adoptée plusieurs pays a conduit vers moins d’usage du pénal à l’égard des usagers et plus de soins aux usagers problématiques, considérant l’influence du contexte politique, social, économique, juridique et judiciaire du pays dans lequel a eu lieu ce choix. Cela permettra ainsi d’identifier les éléments qui peuvent accroître ou diminuer les bienfaits de ce choix juridique.Pour ce faire, nous présenterons d’abord les fondements théoriques d’examen de ce choix et les critères méthodologiques qui en ont découlé dans le choix des pays qui font l’objet de notre examen. Par la suite, nous présenterons les pays européens qui ont choisi cette politique et examinerons leur traduction juridique et les éléments contextuels qui sont venus en moduler la mise en oeuvre. Nous ferons de même par la suite avec les pays d’Amérique latine qui ont fait ce choix, montrant la spécificité de leur situation. Nous terminerons en présentant le bilan qui se dégage de ce tour d’horizon sur les éléments contextuels qui viennent moduler les bienfaits et les méfaits de ce choix. Cela permettra d’identifier les éléments nécessaires à une politique de décriminalisation de la possession simple des drogues pour qu’elle constitue une étape vers une politique en matière de drogues inscrite en santé publique où le droit pénal est un dernier recours., This article examine whether the choice of decriminalizing the possession for personal use of illicit drugs adopted by several countries has led to less use of criminal sanctions against the users and more care for problematic users, considering the influence of the political, social, economic, legal and judicial context of the country in which this choice was made. This will allow us to identify the elements that can increase or decrease the benefits of this legal choice.To this end, we will first present the theoretical foundations for examining this choice and the methodological criteria which have resulted in the choice of the countries which are the subject of our review. Subsequently, we will present the European countries that have chosen this policy and examine their legal translation and the contextual elements that have come to modulate the implementation. We will do the same with the countries of Latin America that have made this choice, showing the specificity of their situation. We conclude by presenting the main points that emerges from this overview on the contextual elements that come to modulate the benefits and the harms of this choice. This will make it possible to identify the elements necessary for a policy of decriminalizing the possession of drugs for personal use to constitute a step towards a policy on drugs in public health where the criminal sanctions are a last resort.
- Published
- 2020
32. L’image et l’expérience de l’espace nocturne dans l’œuvre poétique d’Henri Michaux
- Author
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Gert Valentijn, Linguistiek en Literatuurstudie, Centrum voor Literatuur- en Cultuurwetenschappen, and Faculteit der Letteren en Wijsbegeerte
- Subjects
Mystique ,Night ,Désir ,Desire ,Poetry ,Drogues ,Drugs ,Nuit ,Poésie ,Mysticism - Abstract
La nuit ouvre des espaces infinis révélant l’inconnaissable qu’Henri Michaux a cherché à explorer. La nuit fait apparaître un autre monde et Michaux trouvera dans la poésie et dans l’obscurité une aventure spirituelle qui avoisine l’expérience mystique où Dieu fait défaut. La nuit produira même des effets hallucinogènes et les images donneront un autre aperçu de la nuit nourrissant les désirs de Michaux vis-à-vis de l’autre monde ou « la Nuit »., The night opens infinite spaces revealing the unknowable that Henri Michaux sought to explore. The night makes another world appear and Michaux will find in poetry and in the darkness a spiritual adventure that borders on the mystical experience where God is missing. The night will even produce hallucinogenic effects and the images will give another glimpse of the night feeding Michaux’s desires for the other world or “the Night”.
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- 2022
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33. Contrôler les drogues et réguler les professions de santé au Brésil, 1920-1950
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Mariana Broglia de Moura
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,lcsh:Latin America. Spanish America ,drogues ,Sociology and Political Science ,Brasil ,lcsh:F1201-3799 ,État ,drugs ,Brésil ,state ,Urban Studies ,estado ,drogas ,lcsh:H1-99 ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,Brazil ,Demography - Abstract
Le système international de contrôle des drogues repose sur la limitation de la circulation des drogues au champ médico-scientifique. Cet article analyse les conditions d’implantation et de stabilisation de ce champ au Brésil entre les années 1920 et 1950 au travers du prisme de la commission chargée de contrôler les drogues au Brésil (CNFE). Il analyse les processus d’inclusion et d’exclusion qui sont liés à la délimitation de ce champ et revient sur cette période dans laquelle les mesures du contrôle des stupéfiants visaient avant tout ceux qui étaient leurs distributeurs légitimes : les professionnels et établissements de santé. The international system of drugs’ control implies that drugs’ circulation are confined to the medico-scientific field. This article analyze how this field has been established and stabilized in Brazil between the 1920s and the 1950s through the lenses of the commission which organized the control of drugs in the country (CNFE). We study the process of inclusion and exclusion that are linked to the delimitation of this field and show how, during this period, the drugs’ control and regulations focused in particular on those who were their legitimate dealers: the health professions and establishments. O sistema internacional de controle de drogas é baseado na limitação da circulação das drogas ao campo médico-científico. Com esse artigo, pretende-se analisar as condições de implementação e estabilização do campo médico científico no Brasil entre 1920 e 1950, através do prisma da Comissão Nacional de Fiscalização de Entorpecentes. Ao revisitar um período em que as medidas de controle se impunham sobre a rotina dos distribuidores legítimos dos entorpecentes (profissionais e estabelecimentos de saúde) e não sobre práticas ordinárias, buscamos analisar a delimitação do campo médico-científico a partir dos processos de inclusão e exclusão.
- Published
- 2019
34. « Trafiquant de drogue » : mirages et usages d’une catégorie sociale
- Author
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Sabine Guez
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,lcsh:Latin America. Spanish America ,catégorie sociale ,frontière Mexique - États-Unis ,categoría social ,drogues ,trafiquant ,Sociology and Political Science ,frontera México - Estados-Unidos ,social categories ,lcsh:F1201-3799 ,drugs ,Urban Studies ,traficante ,Mexico - United States border ,drogas ,lcsh:H1-99 ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,drug trafficker ,Demography - Abstract
Comme cela peut être le cas avec d’autres catégories sociales, celle du trafiquant de drogue nous fait voir ce qu’il nous arrange de voir. Que masque-t-elle à la frontière Mexique - États-Unis ? À côté de quelles pratiques liées au négoce de la drogue passe-t-on, en s’en tenant à la catégorie du trafiquant de drogue ? Dans les régions où ce trafic a des ramifications sociales, économiques et politiques de première importance, à quelles fins pratiques cette catégorie sociale est-elle utilisée ? Enquêter sur ces questions est un moyen d’affiner l’analyse des formes d’organisation autour de l’illicite à la frontière Mexique - États-Unis et au-delà. Como suele ser el caso con otras categorías sociales, la de traficante de drogas nos deja ver lo que nos conviene ver. Que disimula en la frontera que México comparte con Estados Unidos? Cuáles prácticas relacionadas con el tráfico de drogas pasamos por alto cuando nos atenemos a la categoría de traficante de drogas? En las regiones donde ese tráfico ilegal tiene ramificaciones sociales, económicas y políticas de importancia primordial, cuáles cometidos se espera lograr utilizando esa categoría social? Investigar estas cuestiones es un medio para refinar el análisis de las formas de organización social alrededor de lo ilicíto en la frontera Mexico - Estados-Unidos y más allá. As it may be the case with other social categories, that of the drug trafficker shows us what we want to see. What does it conceal in the Mexico - U.S. borderlands? What practices connected to the drug trade does this category help paper over? In regions where this illegal trade possesses social, economic and political ramifications of prime importance, to which practical ends is this social category being used? Researching these questions is a means of refining the analysis of forms of social organization revolving around the illicit at the Mexico - U.S. border and beyond.
- Published
- 2019
35. Drug Use Control Perception and Strategies in General and Clinical Population in a Spanish City
- Author
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Angela Belaña and Salvador Amigo
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Drug ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Control (management) ,Population ,perception of controlling drug use ,Sample (statistics) ,Article ,drugs ,general_psychology ,Drug Users ,Drug control ,Perception ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,drug use control strategies ,Abstinence ,medicine.disease ,risk and harm reduction approach ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Scale (social sciences) ,Drug and Narcotic Control ,Medicine ,Drogues ,Psychology ,Addictive behavior ,business ,moderate drug use ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background: This article evaluates the perception of drug use control and strategies in Valencia City (Spain) in a general and clinical population, in two independent studies. Material and Methods: 1071 people participated. In the Study 1 (n= 924) the entire sample came from general population (GP), and in the Study 2 (n=147), 68 were drug users being treated in an Addictive Behaviors Unit (ABU), and 79 people of the GP. The drug use control perception and strategies in both subgroups were compared. The participants filled in the Drug Use Strategies Scale and a Drug Use Survey. Results: A high level of perception of drug control in GP was obtained (72,7% in the Study 1 and 67,5% in the Study 2), and 32.5% in ABU subgroup. People in the PG and drug users in treatment differ in some control strategies. A predictive profile of the perception of control was obtained for the Study 2. Conclusion: The high degree of perception of controlling drug use in the GP, and partially in drug users being treated, and the specific control strategies reported suggests that moderate use and drug control strategies are a great value alternative to bear in mind compared to abstinence.
- Published
- 2021
36. Intégrer les bénéfices dans l'analyse économique de la drogue : Une nouvelle arme de politique publique de prévention primaire.
- Author
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Spach, Miléna
- Abstract
Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Illicit livelihoods: drug crops and development in Africa.
- Author
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Carrier, Neil and Klantschnig, Gernot
- Subjects
DRUG control ,DRUG traffic ,DRUGS & crime ,CRIME ,SOCIAL conditions in Africa - Abstract
Copyright of Review of African Political Economy is the property of Review of Political Economy (ROAPE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Chain work: the cultivation of hierarchy in Sierra Leone’s cannabis economy.
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Suckling, Christopher A.
- Subjects
CANNABIS (Genus) ,DRUG control ,DRUG traffic ,DRUGS & crime ,CRIME ,SOCIAL conditions in Africa - Abstract
Copyright of Review of African Political Economy is the property of Review of Political Economy (ROAPE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Définir les troubles liés aux substances psychoactives à partir de données administratives
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Christophe Huỳnh, Alain Lesage, Éric Pelletier, and Louis Rochette
- Subjects
alcool ,Social Sciences and Humanities ,drogues ,alcohol ,ICD ,troubles liés aux substances psychoactives ,toxicomanie ,dependence ,drugs ,indicators ,données administratives ,substance-related disorders ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,0302 clinical medicine ,administrative data ,surveillance ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,CIM ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,indicateurs ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Les troubles liés aux substances psychoactives (TLS) sont associés à de nombreux problèmes sociosanitaires requérant divers services adaptés. Dans le but de déterminer la prévalence des TLS et leurs impacts sur l’utilisation des services dans le système de santé québécois, le Système intégré de surveillance des maladies chroniques du Québec développe actuellement des indicateurs permettant d’identifier les individus traités dans la province pour un TLS. Ces indicateurs serviront à étudier les caractéristiques des individus ayant un TLS, à évaluer l’excès de mortalité et les complications qui en résultent, à explorer l’impact des politiques ministérielles et à adapter l’offre de services en fonction de l’évolution temporelle des TLS. Or, la création de ces indicateurs se heurte à plusieurs défis. La Classification internationale des maladies est en décalage avec les connaissances et les réalités actuelles, ce qui ne permet pas de bien identifier les substances consommées par les individus en se basant sur les codes diagnostiques. Aussi, les TLS ne sont pas toujours explicitement nommés, mais implicitement évoqués par le biais d’autres diagnostics, notamment dans le cas de maladies physiques ou d’intoxications. De plus, la présence du bon code diagnostique dépend d’aspects administratifs. Cet article méthodologique présente les étapes et les réflexions qui ont mené au développement des indicateurs permettant d’identifier les individus ayant un TLS à partir de banques de données administratives., Introduction Epidemiogical surveys in the general population can provide relevant information on substance use and substance-related disorders (SRD). However, because of time and resource constraints, this data is limited in its scope. Health administrative databanks consist of routinely collected data covering a large sample size, often representative of the general population. They allow for further longitudinal analyses of comorbidities patterns and health services utilization over decades in individuals with SRD. Developing algorithms to identify these individuals is crucial before being able to tap into these databanks.Objective To present and to reflect on the methodological process leading to the creation of SRD case definitions in administrative health databanks.Methods The Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System (QICDSS) contains five linked administrative health databanks that are updated annually and covers over 98% of the general population. Codes from the 9th and 10th revisions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9 and ICD-10) were used to define individuals who have a SRD, according to diagnoses made by a physician. First, all ICD codes that could potentially define a SRD were identified through a literature review. Second, relevant codes were selected. Third, case definition algorithms were created by grouping codes that describe a similar concept. These three steps were performed by comparing our codes with previous propositions from other teams, and through group discussions with a committee of experts (one psychiatrist, two general practitioners, one emergency doctor, and two researchers).Results Relevant ICD codes were found in specific chapters on SRD, but also in different sections concerning physical diseases that are induced by substance use or concerning poisoning and intoxication. In total, 89 ICD-9 codes and 197 ICD-10 codes were identified. From this list, codes that were almost never used in the QICDSS, codes that were almost never reported by other research teams, codes that were not specific to substance use, and codes related to tobacco use were all excluded. Codes were first categorized if they were related to alcohol or to another substance. No distinction could be made according to a specific substance, mainly because of imprecision surrounding ICD-9 coding. From this retained list, six case definitions were created: 1) alcohol use disorders (i.e. abuse or dependence); 2) drug use disorders; 3) alcohol induced disorders (i.e. withdrawal, induced psychotic disorders and other mental disorders, physical diseases 100% attributable to alcohol); 4) drug induced disorders; 5) alcohol intoxication; 6) drug intoxication.Discussion and conclusion Although unanimous consensus by the expert committee had to be obtained during code selection and grouping to create these case definitions for SRD, further validation needs to be conducted to determine if these algorithms identify appropriately individuals with SRD. Once tested in other databanks using the ICD system, these case definitions can be used to perform analyses concerning prevalence and incidence, comorbidities patterns and health services utilization to obtain a more complete picture of SRD.
- Published
- 2019
40. La consommation de drogues comme soutien narcissique dans l'adolescence)
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Rodrigo Cornejo Portilla and Adolfo Brack Gamboa
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Oedipus complex update ,drogues ,tóxico ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,Adolescência ,Adoleszenz ,toxic ,drugs ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Aktualisierung des Ödipuskomplexes ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,drogas ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Toxikum ,Drogen ,actualización del complejo de Edipo ,Adolescence ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Adolescencia ,toxique ,atualização do complexo de Édipo ,actualisation du complexe d'Œdipe - Abstract
La tradición científica ha encontrado, en la transformación endocrina y en las condiciones ambientales, una explicación al consumo de drogas en la adolescencia, abriendo con ello la puerta a un tratamiento donde la subjetividad difícilmente ha sido leída como tal. La siguiente investigación propone comprender el periodo de la adolescencia como un proceso que, iniciándose en la pubertad, reactualiza los conflictos infantiles del sujeto, exigiendo de este, una reorganización psíquica que conduce a su subjetivación; situando desde esta visión al consumo de drogas como una posibilidad de sopesar o no, dicho advenimiento. A tradição científica encontrou uma explicação para o consumo de drogas na adolescência, na transformação endócrina e nas condições ambientais, abrindo as portas para um tratamento em que a subjetividade dificilmente tem sido lida como tal. A pesquisa a seguir propõe compreender a adolescência como o processo que se inicia na puberdade e reativa os conflitos infantis do sujeito, demandando, dessa forma, uma reorganização psíquica que conduza à sua subjetivação; situando a partir desta visão o consumo de drogas como uma possibilidade de ponderar ou não dito advento. The scientific tradition has found an explanation for the drug consumption in the adolescence, in the endocrine transformation and in the environmental conditions, opening the door to a treatment where the subjectivity has hardly been read as such. The following research proposes to understand adolescence as the process that begins at puberty, reactivates the infantile conflicts of the subject, thus demanding a psychic reorganization leading to its subjectivation; situating from this viewpoint, the consumption of drugs as a possibility to mourn or not that kind of situation. La tradition scientifique a trouvé une explication pour la consommation des drogues pendant l'adolescence, dans la transformation endocrine et dans les conditions environnementales, ouvrant les portes à un traitement où la subjectivité difficilement a été lue comme telle. L'étude suivante propose de comprendre l'adolescence comme le processus qui commence à la puberté, déclenche les conflits de l'enfance du sujet, exigeant, ainsi, une réorganisation psychique qui mène à sa subjectivation; situant à partir de cette vision la consommation de drogues comme une possibilité de tristesse ou pas, dit l'avènement. Die wissenschaftliche Tradition erklärt den Drogenkonsum bei Jugendlichen aufgrund der endokrinen Transformation und den Umweltbedingungen, was zu einer Behandlung führt, in der die Subjektivität kaum als solche gelesen wird. Die folgende Arbeit schlägt vor, die Adoleszenz als einen Prozess zu verstehen, der in der Pubertät beginnt, die kindlichen Konflikte des Subjekts reaktiviert und von diesem eine psychische Reorganisation verlangt, die zu seiner Subjektivierung führt. Aus dieser Sicht kann man den Drogenkonsum als einen Versuch betrachten, mit diesem Phänomen umzugehen.
- Published
- 2018
41. LA EDUCACIÓN PARA LA SALUD EN LOS PROGRAMAS DE INICIACIÓN PROFESIONAL.
- Author
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ARAMENDI JAUREGUI, PEDRO, BUJAN VIDALES, KARMELE, and ARBURUA GOYENECHE, ROSA
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Las políticas de prevención de drogodependencias en las comunidades autónomas españolas :debilidades y fortalezas
- Subjects
Política social ,Autonomías ,Social welfare ,Benestar social ,Bienestar social ,Autonomous regions ,Drugs ,Drogas ,Drogues ,Autonomies ,Social policy - Published
- 2021
43. Application of a low transition temperature mixture for the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of illicit drugs from urine samples
- Author
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Valerio Di Lisio, Chiara Fanali, Giovanni D'Orazio, Valeria Gallo, Yolanda Picó, Alessandra Gentili, Ilaria Silvestro, Pierpaolo Tomai, Paola D'Angelo, Chiara Dal Bosco, and Sapienza Università di Roma
- Subjects
Bioanalysis ,Liquid Phase Microextraction ,Productes biològics ,Illicit drugs ,Dispersive liquid–liquid mi-croextraction ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Organic chemistry ,Urine ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Biological samples ,Deep eutectic solvents ,Drugs ,High performance liquid chromatography ,Low transition temperature mixtures ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,QD241-441 ,Limit of Detection ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Transition Temperature ,Sample preparation ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Solvent ,Cold Temperature ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction ,Molecular Medicine ,Drogues ,Glass transition ,Choline chloride - Abstract
© 2021 by the authors., The use of psychoactive substances is a serious problem in today’s society and reliable methods of analysis are necessary to confirm their occurrence in biological matrices. In this work, a green sample preparation technique prior to HPLC-MS analysis was successfully applied to the extraction of 14 illicit drugs from urine samples. The isolation procedure was a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the use of a low transition temperature mixture (LTTM), composed of choline chloride and sesamol in a molar ratio 1:3 as the extracting solvent. This mixture was classified as LTTM after a thorough investigation carried out by FTIR and DSC, which recorded a glass transition temperature at −71 °C. The extraction procedure was optimized and validated according to the main Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for bioanalytical methods, obtaining good figures of merit for all parameters: the estimated lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) values were between 0.01 µg L−1 (bk-MMBDB) and 0.37 µg L−1 (PMA); recoveries, evaluated at very low spike levels (in the ng-µg L−1 range), spanned from 55% (MBDB) to 100% (bk-MMBDB and MDPV); finally, both within-run and between-run precisions were lower than 20% (LLOQ) and 15% (10xLLOQ)., This research was funded by “Sapienza University”, research project “Low transitions temperature mixtures as microextraction solvents”, grant number RG11916B6451D44A.
- Published
- 2021
44. Inducing Effects of Illegal Drugs to Improve Mental Health by Self-Regulation Therapy: A Pilot Study
- Author
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Salvador Amigó
- Subjects
Male ,Coping (psychology) ,Adolescent ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Ecstasy ,Psychological intervention ,Pilot Projects ,coping strategies ,Article ,drugs ,Self-Control ,Emotionality ,Intervention (counseling) ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Humans ,emotionality ,biology ,Illicit Drugs ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Suggestibility ,Emocions ,biology.organism_classification ,Terapèutica ,Mental health ,Mental Health ,Medicine ,Female ,Cannabis ,self-regulation therapy ,Drogues ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background: This study consists of a brief psychological intervention, which uses Self-Regulation Therapy (SRT, procedure based on suggestion and classical conditioning), to improve coping with stress and emotionality by reproducing the positive effects of illegal drugs: cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy. Method: 15 volunteers (8 males, 7 females), with a mean age of 24.6 (SD = 4.4), underwent intervention to improve their coping with stress and emotionality using SRT. They carried out pre- and post-intervention scores for 10 days and during a 4-week follow-up. The employed instruments were: BSS (Barber Suggestibility Scale), COPE (Coping Skills Inventory), and PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). Results: SRT was superior to non-intervention for the 4 coping strategies (η2 = 0.829, 0.453, 0.411 and 0.606) and for positive (η2 = 0.371) and negative emotionality (η2 = 0.419). An improvement in scores was evidenced in the follow-up scores compared to the pre-intervention measures. Conclusions: This study shows for the first time that it is possible to use illegal drugs, considered harmful to public health, to improve young people’s coping capacity and emotionality by reproducing their positive effects with SRT.
- Published
- 2021
45. El uso de las drogas en el cyberpunk latinoamericano: 'Timbuctú' de Carlos Gardini y 'El trozo más grande' de Bernardo (BEF) Fernández
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Urgelles, Ingrid and Santos López, Danilo
- Subjects
Bernardo Fernández "BEF" ,Cyberpunk llatinoamericà ,cyberpunk latinoamericano ,French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature ,Carlos Gardini ,drogas ,Drugs ,Drogas ,Bernardo Fernández “Bef” ,Drogues ,PQ1-3999 ,Cyberpunk latinoamericano ,Latin american cyberpunk - Abstract
El cyberpunk como subgénero de la ciencia ficción ha encontrado apropiaciones y manifestaciones en Latinoamérica dentro del siglo XXI. En este artículo se analizarán dos cuentos de fines de los años noventa, "Timbuctú" del argentino Carlos Gardini y "El trozo más grande" del mexicano Bernardo Fernández "Bef", para mostrar cómo la tradición latinoamericana se ha apropiado del subgénero a partir del funcionamiento de las drogas en el interior de los relatos. Cyberpunk, as a subgenre of science fiction, has found appropriations and manifestations in Latin America in the 21st century. This article analyzes two stories from the late 90's: "Timbuctú" by the Argentine Carlos Gardini and "El trozo más grande" by the Mexican Bernardo Fernández "Bef". We aim to show how the Latin American tradition has appropriated this subgenre by means of the usage of the drugs subject within the stories. El cyberpunk com a subgènere de la ciència-ficció ha trobat apropiacions i manifestacions a Llatinoamèrica dins el segle XXI. En aquest article s'analitzaran dos contes de finals dels anys noranta, "Timbuctú" de l'argentí Carlos Gardini i "El trozo más grande" del mexicà Bernardo Fernández "Bef", per mostrar com la tradició llatinoamericana s'ha apropiat del subgènere a partir del funcionament de les drogues a l'interior dels relats.
- Published
- 2020
46. Impact of Ontario's Remedial Program for Drivers Convicted of Drinking and Driving on Substance Use and Problems.
- Author
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Stoduto, Gina, Mann, Robert E., Flam-Zalcman, Rosely, Sharpley, Justin, Brands, Bruna, Butters, Jennifer, Smart, Reginald G., Wickens, Christine M., Ilie, Gabriela, and Thomas, Rita K.
- Subjects
- *
DRUGGED driving , *DRUNK driving , *DRIVERS' licenses , *SUBSTANCE abuse - Abstract
In 1998, Ontario passed legislation requiring that all drivers convicted of drinking and driving complete a remedial program, called Back on Track (BOT), before their driver's licences could be reinstated. Based on an assessment, clients are assigned to complete either an 'education' program or a 'treatment' program, depending on levels of substance-related problems. Several months following completion of their program, participants complete a follow-up interview. We report substance use and related outcome measures on 22,277 BOT participants who completed follow-up between 2000 and 2005. Completion of BOT was associated with significant reductions in the frequency of alcohol and other drug use, number of drinks consumed per drinking occasion, total numbers of substance users, and negative consequences resulting from substance use. A large number of participants became 'non-users' of various substances over the course of the program. These findings provide evidence that the remedial program has beneficial effects for participants in both the education and treatment components of BOT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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47. DROGAS E JUVENTUDE DIANTE DO APARATO REPRESSIVO-JUDICIAL NO PERÍODO MILITAR.
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Rolim, Rivail Carvalho and De Barros, Patrícia Marcondes
- Subjects
- *
MILITARY government , *DRUGS , *YOUTH , *IDEOLOGY , *POWER (Philosophy) , *POPULATION - Abstract
The aim of this article is to reflect on the juridical-penal ideology concerning the behavior of young people to have come into close contact with drugs during the military regime, as well as to analyze the legal norms and the practices of the repressive-judicial apparatus to have been developed, allowing the state to expand its control and arbitrary exercise of power over the population. It is in this sense that we wish to deepen the understanding of assumptions that underlay the regulation of life in society during the period in which generals occupied power in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Prendre soin des détenus quand on est surveillant de prison ?
- Author
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Protais, Caroline
- Subjects
drogues ,psychologisation ,prison guard ,psychologization ,prison ,surveillants ,drugs - Abstract
Cet article entend décrire et qualifier l’évolution du travail des surveillants de prison au contact de professionnels psycho-socio-sanitaires dans une unité consacrée au traitement des addictions de certains détenus volontaires. Dans une première partie, la manière dont des compétences du registre psychologique sont transmises aux surveillants de prison sera analysée. Dans une seconde partie, sera décrite et analysée la multiplication d’attitudes de care chez les surveillants de prison de l’unité. Dans une troisième partie, nous montrerons que les conséquences de la collaboration entre les deux types de professionnels sont une pacification des rapports, se traduisant par une modification des représentations et de nouvelles modalités relationnelles avec les détenus. This article aims to describe the evolution of the work of the prison guards in contact with psychosocial professionals in a french drug-free-unit. In the first part, the way in which psychological skills are transmitted to the prison guards will be analyzed. In a second part, we will describe and analyze caring attitudes of the prison guards. In a third part, we will show that the consequences of the collaboration between two types of professionals are a pacification of the relationships between prison guards and prisoners.
- Published
- 2019
49. Accounting for context: exploring the role of objects and spaces in the consumption of alcohol and other drugs.
- Author
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Duff, Cameron
- Subjects
- *
ALCOHOL drinking , *DRUGS , *SOCIAL context , *ACTOR-network theory , *CULTURAL geography - Abstract
This paper addresses some of the major implications of actor-network theory (ANT) for research on the consumption of alcohol and other drugs (AOD). It focuses on the significance of ANT's rejection of the subject–object distinction for recent debates in human and cultural geography regarding the role of social contexts in mediating the character and experience of AOD consumption. In exploring this theme, I apply insights derived from the work of Bruno Latour and John Law to the analysis of qualitative data recently collected in studies of AOD use in Melbourne, Australia and Vancouver, Canada. These studies indicate that AOD consumption is a relational achievement involving diverse objects, spaces, actors and affects. The paper goes on to argue that social contexts may themselves be understood as discrete assemblages of such objects, spaces and actants. This suggests a novel basis for investigating the role of social contexts in mediating AOD consumption in particular sites and settings. The paper closes with an assessment of the implications of these arguments for the ongoing design of novel, place-based approaches to the study of AOD use within human and cultural geography. I emphasise the need for greater recognition of the agentic force of spaces, objects and actants, such that research designs more sensitive to the dynamics of context might be elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. L'humanité et les drogues : Une longue histoire commune.
- Author
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Trumpff, Caroline and Kornreich, Charles
- Subjects
- *
DRUG abuse , *PSYCHIATRIC drugs , *CANNABIS (Genus) , *NUTRITION , *ALCOHOL - Abstract
Drugs are with us since the beginning of our history. Alcohol and other psychoactive drugs were included in the nutrition of first humans and numerous archeological findings indicate that regular use of alcohol, opium, cannabis and coca was present some thousand years ago. Agriculture has empowered us to produce large quantities of such substances. Several of them have known a world diffusion following transoceanic travels since the 15° century such as coffee, tobacco, wine and opium. Massive culture has allowed prices to be significantly lowered. Usual medicine use has been transformed in mass usage leading to addiction risks. Drugs have always been present with us but have been considered and used differently depending on cultures and eras. Drugs such as coffee, tobacco and alcohol are sold freely in Occident while opium, coca and cannabis are prohibited. These six drugs are diffused all over the world and represent a huge part of human economy. This paper investigates their specific history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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