1. Predicting chlorine demand by peracetic acid in drinking water treatment.
- Author
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Chen T, Cevallos D, Hurtado A, Mackey E, Wang C, and Hofmann R
- Subjects
- Peracetic Acid analysis, Chlorine, Hydrogen Peroxide, Disinfection methods, Chlorides, Drinking Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical
- Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) may be used in drinking water treatment for pre-oxidation and mussel control at the intake. PAA may exert a downstream chlorine demand, but full details of this reaction have not been reported. There are three possible mechanisms of this demand: (1) PAA may react directly with chlorine; (2) PAA exists in equilibrium with hydrogen peroxide, which is known to react with chlorine; and (3) as H
2 O2 reacts with chlorine, PAA will hydrolyze to form more H2 O2 to re-establish PAA/H2 O2 equilibrium, thereby serving as an indirect reservoir of chlorine demand. While the H2 O2 reaction with chlorine is well known, the other mechanisms of possible PAA-induced chlorine demand have not previously been investigated. The observed molar stoichiometric ratio of PAA to free chlorine (n) for the presumed direct PAA + free chlorine reaction was determined to be approximately 2, and the corresponding observed reaction rate coefficients at pH 6, 7, 8, and 9 were 2.76, 3.14, 1.61, 10.1 M-n ·s-1 , respectively (at 25 °C). With these estimated values, a kinetic model was built to predict the chlorine demand by PAA. The results suggest that chlorine demand from PAA is likely to be negligible over the course of several days (e.g., < 20% chlorine loss) for most conditions except for high pH (e.g., >8) and high PAA:Cl2 molar ratios (e.g., >2:1)., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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