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Background and Aims: Several studies have shown improved short-term outcome with endoscopic transmural drainage and necrosectomy for the treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis. However, knowledge on the long-term prognosis after such treatment is limited. The aim of present study was to evaluate long-term outcomes in patients endoscopically treated with transmural drainage and necrosectomy., Methods: We retrospectively follow up 125 patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis treated with endoscopic transmural drainage and necrosectomy in 2010-2017. All patients received plastic pigtail stents and nasocystic catheter. Additional external drainage was performed in 41 patients. Main outcomes were survival, pancreatic function, development of co-morbidities, ability to work and social status., Results: During a median follow-up of 4.3 years, nine (7%) patients died. Seven deaths were unrelated to pancreatic disease, and two patients died of pancreatic cancer. Twenty-two (18%) patients developed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Thirty-six (32%) previous non-diabetics developed endocrine insufficiency. Endoscopic necrosectomy during admission (odds ratio (OR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.56; p  = 0.015) and therapy on the main pancreatic duct (OR = 8.08, 95% CI 2.43-26.9; p  < 0.001) during follow-up predicted development of exocrine insufficiency. Severity on computed tomography predicted endocrine insufficiency (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.24-2.09; p  < 0.001). Most patients regained their working capacity and preserved their marital status., Conclusions: This study provides robust data on the long-term outcome of patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis treated with endoscopic transmural drainage and necrosectomy. The favourable outcomes on survival, pancreatic function and social status support current recommendations of endoscopic transmural drainage and necrosectomy being the treatment of choice for walled-off pancreatic necrosis.

Hypothesis: Because of better survival following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), patients may develop complications due to PD and not due to malignancy per se. Exocrine insufficiency may be related to pancreatic duct obstruction or strictures attributable to duct-to-mucosa anastomosis, as in pancreaticojejunostomy. We propose a technique of managing a post-PD duct obstruction., Design: Retrospective review from September 2005 to August 2008., Setting: Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, a referral, high-volume, nonuniversity tertiary care center., Patients: All patients who underwent surgery for anastomotic pancreaticojejunal stricture., Main Outcome Measures: Perioperative outcomes., Results: All the patients were women and aged 62, 78, and 45 years. Comorbidities were documented in 2 patients. Two patients presented with severe acute abdominal pain and hyperamylasemia while 1 was asymptomatic. Two patients underwent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with secretin stimulation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was attempted in 1 patient. Operating time was 99 minutes, 158 minutes, and 154 minutes. Estimated blood loss was 250 mL, 400 mL, and 500 mL. A single-layer, side-to-side pancreaticogastrostomy was performed as the drainage procedure in all patients. There was no mortality associated with any of the patients within 30 days. Morbidity was seen only in 1 patient. None of the patients needed a reoperation. The mean length of hospital stay was 9 days. All patients were asymptomatic for pain., Conclusion: We propose a durable technique for treating pancreatic ductal strictures post-PD that appears to result in superior postoperative outcome.