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The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Ischaemum indicum leaves extracts based on different polarity solvents: water, methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n- hexane. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using ABTS and DPPH methods, while the antibacterial activity was determined by broth dilution method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis . The results showed that water and methanol extracts of I. indicum gave the highest antioxidant activity in ABTS assay with an IC 50 73.80 and 46.32 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, The IC 50 on DPPH assay for water extracts was 117.51 µg/mL, this value was higher than that of methanol extract with no inhibition. Methanol and water extracts showed the antibacterial activity against B. subtilis with inhibition of 48.62 and 45.11%, whereas inhibition of P. aeruginosa were 31.95 and 30.31%, respectively. This study denoted that I. indicum is a new potential candidate as antioxidant source.

Different solvent extracts of Anthurium plowmanii leaves were assayed for antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Methanol extract had the highest inhibition of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities among extracts. Concentrations of methanol extract required for 50% inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging effect were recorded as 231,59 μg/mL. The IC 50 of methanol and water extracts on ABTS were 57,23 μg/mL and 73,35 μg/mL, respectively. The lower IC 50 values denotes a more potent antioxidant. Dichloromethane and n -hexane extracts showed faint antibacterial activity against bacteria P seudomonas aeruginosa and B acillus subtilis was evaluated by broth dilution method. The results demonstrated great potential of the A . plowmanii leaves as a new source of new antioxidant agents.

Background: Medicinal plants derived natural product such as alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenes. The traditional uses claim that medicinal plants of NTT are potential folk medicine but very little research has been conducted on these plants. Objective: The present study is directed towards evaluating naturally effective antioxidant of twenty-four traditional medicinal plants collected from Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) using in vitro models. Method: The antioxidant activities were determined by using the free radical scavenging assays 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-2”-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Analysis of total flavonoid and phenolic contents were expressed as Quercetin Equivalent (QE) and Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE), respectively. Statistical methods are used in data analysis include mean or standard deviation, and regression analysis. Result: Methanol extract of Sterculia quadrifida R. Br. root exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 3.11μg/mL, followed by Schleichera oleosa and Euphorbia hirta L. extracts with IC50 values of 10.05 and 10.09 μg/mL, respectively. Methanol extract of S. quadrifida also showed highest ABTS radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 7.29 μg/mL, followed by Eugenia jambolana Lam. and Lamea grandus with IC50 value of 9.15 and 12.29 μg/mL, respectively. S. quadrifida extract showed high flavonoid and phenolic content with 661.85 mg of GAE and 116.84 mg of QE per 100 g of extracts. Conclusion: The present study gives scientific evidences that twenty four samples of NTT plants have high free radical scavenging capacity. Strong radical scavenging activity of these plants especially S. quadrifida could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants.

Over the past few decades, complementary medicine therapy using medicinal plants have been developed in healthcare. Phytochemical studies about medicinal plants have been conducted to verify their potency as medicinal remedies in modern therapeutics. Dipterocarpus littoralis commonly known as Meranti Jawa in Indonesia is traditionally used to treat diseases such as diarrhea, diabetic and malaria. This study aimed to isolate bioactive compounds from D. littoralis using bioguided fractionation method. The bioactivity measured were antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiplasmodial activity. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase assays were applied to estimate the in vitro antidiabetic activity of D. littoralis. The antioxidant activities were determined by using the free radical scavenging assays 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-2″-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Analysis of total flavonoid and phenolic contents were expressed as Quercetin Equivalent (QE) and Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE), respectively. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity test of methanol extract of D. littoralis was also conducted against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. Purification of the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of D. littoralis resulted in an oligostilbenes namely α-viniferin (1). The structure of the α-viniferin was characterized by comprehensive spectral analysis including IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and in comparison with the literature data. Compound 1 showed an alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 256.17 and 212.79 μg/mL, respectively. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity test against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 at a concentration of 100 μg/mL revealed a strong antiplasmodial inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 2.76 μg/mL. Our findings indicated that α-viniferin (1) which is isolated from D. littoralis extract could be regarded as potential antidiabetic and antiplasmodial resources in the future., Natural product chemistry, Pharmaceutical chemistry, Alpha-viniferin, D. littoralis, Alpha-glucosidase, Alpha-amylase, DPPH, ABTS, Antiplasmodial.

Over the past few decades, complementary medicine therapy using medicinal plants have been developed in healthcare. Phytochemical studies about medicinal plants have been conducted to verify their potency as medicinal remedies in modern therapeutics. Dipterocarpus littoralis commonly known as Meranti Jawa in Indonesia is traditionally used to treat diseases such as diarrhea, diabetic and malaria. This study aimed to isolate bioactive compounds from D. littoralis using bioguided fractionation method. The bioactivity measured were antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiplasmodial activity. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase assays were applied to estimate the in vitro antidiabetic activity of D. littoralis. The antioxidant activities were determined by using the free radical scavenging assays 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-2″-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Analysis of total flavonoid and phenolic contents were expressed as Quercetin Equivalent (QE) and Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE), respectively. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity test of methanol extract of D. littoralis was also conducted against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. Purification of the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of D. littoralis resulted in an oligostilbenes namely α-viniferin (1). The structure of the α-viniferin was characterized by comprehensive spectral analysis including IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and in comparison with the literature data. Compound 1 showed an alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 256.17 and 212.79 μg/mL, respectively. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity test against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 at a concentration of 100 μg/mL revealed a strong antiplasmodial inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 2.76 μg/mL. Our findings indicated that α-viniferin (1) which is isolated from D. littoralis extract could be regarded as potential antidiabetic and antiplasmodial resources in the future.

Chromolaena odorata L. (Asteraceae) is one of the tropical plants which is widely used as traditional medicines for diabetes and soft tissue wounds treatment in some regions in East Indonesia. The present study was aimed at determining the bioactive compounds of C. odorata leaves. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of C. odorata leaves have the inhibitory activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals as well as α-glucosidase rat intestine enzyme. A new flavanone was isolated from the methanol extract and elucidated as 5,3’-dihydroxy-7,6’-dimethoxyflavanone or, namely, odoratenin (1) together with two known compounds: isosakuranetin (2) and subscandenin (3). The antioxidant activity of odoratenin (1) exhibited very potent ABTS radical inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 23.74 μM which is lower than that of trolox (IC50 31.32 μM) as a positive control. The result showed that a new flavanone, odoratenin (1), should be potential as an antioxidant source.

Moringa oleifera have been evaluated for its antioxidant activity. M. oleifera leaves were extracted with methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and n-hexane. The antioxidant activity of extracts were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay and an improved 2,2’-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulphonate] (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay in vitro. Trolox was used as standard with IC50 5.89 μg/mL in DPPH assay and 3.06 μg/mL in ABTS assay. The methanol extract showed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 49.30 μg/mL in DPPH assay and 11.73 μg/mL in ABTS assay. This study provided that M. oleifera leaves possess antioxidant.

Artocarpus champeden, commonly known as cempedak in Indonesia, belongs to the Moraceae family. In folk medicine, A. champeden is used to treat various diseases such as diabetic, malaria and cancer. This curing ability indicates the active component content in the plant as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimalarial or anticancer. The present study was attempted to evaluate antioxidant activity present in methanol extract of A. champeden and its fractions. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of A. champeden, also fraction of n-hexane, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate were assessed by using in-vitro models include DPPH and ABTS. Analysis of total flavonoid and phenolic contents were expressed as Quercetin Equivalent (QE) and Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE), respectively. UV Spectrophotometer is used to measure the absorbance degression. Methanol extract of A.champeden showed strong DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity with IC50 35.45 and 7.98 μg/mL, respectively. Methanol extract also showed high flavonoid and phenolic content with 639.83 mg of QE and 43.51 mg of GAE per 100 g of extracts. The antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate fraction is higher than that of the value obtained by n-hexane and methylene chloride fractions for DPPH and ABTS assays with IC50 37.11 and 6.48 μg/mL, respectively. In our results, it has great pharmacological potential with great value of inhibition activity as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Indonesian traditional herbal medicine for post partum contains many plants such as Kunyit (Curcuma longa), meniran (Phyllanthus urinaria), akar manis (Glycyrrhiza glabra), lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet), temulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza), jungrahap (Baeckea frutescens L.), bangle (Zingiber montanum), binahong (Anredera cordifolia), asem (Tamarindus Indica). These plants are important sources of phenolic compounds such as flavonoid, quercetin, kaempherol that potentially act as antioxidant. Antioxidants are important subtances which possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radical oxidative stress. The post partum herbal medicine were extracted using aquades. The antioxidant activity of extracts was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay and an improved (2,2’-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulphonate]) ABTS radical cation decolorization assay using in vitro. Trolox was used as the standard with IC50 5.89 µg/mL in DPPH assay and 3.06 µg/mL in ABTS assay. The variant B1 showed the highest free radical scavenging activity (IC50=28.37 µg/mL in DPPH assay and IC50=27.17 µg/mL in ABTS assay). The variant E2 also showed the highest free radical scavenging activity (IC50=29.56 µg/mL in DPPH assay and IC50=26.16 µg/mL in ABTS assay). This study indicated that Indonesian traditional herbal medicine possess antioxidant activity and it needs to be investigated more for other bioactivity such as antimicrobial and anticholestrol.Indonesian traditional herbal medicine for post partum contains many plants such as Kunyit (Curcuma longa), meniran (Phyllanthus urinaria), akar manis (Glycyrrhiza glabra), lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet), temulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza), jungrahap (Baeckea frutescens L.), bangle (Zingiber montanum), binahong (Anredera cordifolia), asem (Tamarindus Indica). These plants are important sources of phenolic compounds such as flavonoid, quercetin, kaempherol that potentially act as antioxidant. Antioxidants are important subtances which possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radical oxidative stress. The post partum herbal medicine were extracted using aquades. The antioxidant activity of extracts was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay and an improved (2,2’-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulphonate]) ABTS radical cation decolorization assay using in vitro. Trolox was used as the standard with IC50 5.89 µg/mL in DPPH assay an...

Tempe and tofu are the main product of soybean commonly consumed as a daily food for the people of Indonesia. So far, soybean is well known to be a source of protein. Indeed, soybean contains secondary metabolites resulting in antioxidant activities. Antioxidants would nullify the negative effect of reactive oxygen and, as a result, could improve and maintain human health. Improvement of awareness of Indonesian people that soybean is good for human health promotion and maintenance could be a trigger to enlarge the soybean production area and increase national soybean production. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of some improved soybean varieties. The observation was done in three replicates, and the standard deviation was made. The results of the present study showed that total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, as measured by ABTS and DPPH, varied among the soybean seeds tested. The variability of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was not caused by different seed sizes but by the different genetic background encoding for other phenotypes than the seed size. In general, antioxidant activity is positively correlated to total phenolic content. Demas and Tanggamus showed significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to the rest, including imported soybean. Therefore, Demas and Tanggamus could be used as better food sources for human health.

Chromolaena odorata is one of the plants used by the community as traditional medicine. Some of community in Ambon, Indonesia used C. odorata leaves as wound medicine. This study aims to evaluate free radical scavenging activity from fraction of methanol extract of C. odorata. Methanol extract of C. odorata leaves is known have good free radical scavenging activity. The fractionation from methanol extract of the C. odorata leaves obtained A-E fraction, where fractions C, D and E showed inhibitory activity against DPPH radicals (2,2-difenill-1-pikrilhidrazil) with IC50 values 63,95; 64.38 and 202.15 μg/mL. Positive control, which is gallic acid, has an IC50 value of 5.29 μg/mL.

New Prenylated stilbene derivatives, 3-hydroxy-4-prenyl-5-methoxy-stilbene acid (1) and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-prenyl-stilbene (2) had been isolated from methanol extract of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (Pigeon pea), a member of family fabaceae. The aim of this present work was to evaluate its in vitro antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging. Isolation of compounds was achieved by extraction (maceration) and chromatographic technique. The structures of the compounds were determined based on UV, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra and also by comparing with the previously reported data. Antioxidant activities (IC50) of 1 and 2 were 413.68 μg/mL and 271.53 μg/mL, respectively.