Search

A fetus identified to be at risk for chromosomal abnormalities may benefit from identification of genetic defects through amniocentesis. Although the risks associated with amniocentesis are considered to be minimal, being an invasive procedure it is not completely without complications. Background and Objectives: The current study aims to identify correlations between blood contamination of samples collected during amniocentesis and certain factors dependent on the instruments used (thickness of the needle used to aspirate the fluid), the location of the placenta, and uterine vascularity (more pronounced in multiparous patients). Materials and Methods: The study included 190 patients in the second trimester of pregnancy who met one of the criteria for invasive prenatal diagnosis (age over 35 years, high risk in first trimester screening, history of pregnancies with genetic abnormalities, etc.). The amniotic fluid samples collected from these patients were analyzed in terms of blood contamination of the amniotic fluid aspirated with maternal cells Results: Of the patients in whom the procedure was performed using 21 G size needles, 16 samples (13.33% of the total) were contaminated. None of the samples collected from patients where a 20 G needle was used were contaminated. There was a statistically significant association between the lack of contamination and the use of Doppler ultrasound in multiparous patients with anterior placenta in whom a 21-gauge needle was used for amniocentesis. Conclusions: There is an increased rate of sample contamination (statistically significant) when using 21 G needle sizes and a significant difference in contamination between primiparous and multiparous patients, with contamination being more frequent in multiparous patients. The use of Doppler ultrasonography may benefit the procedure, as the contamination rate was significantly reduced when used during amniocentesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. To characterize the vascularity of endometriotic cysts using color Doppler ultrasound and to differentiate more accurately between endometriotic cysts and other pelvic cyst masses. Methods. Two prospective studies were initiated: the first included 50 patients diagnosed with ovarian endometriotic cysts and 50 patients without gynecological pathology, in whom the resistance index (RI) of the uterine artery, ovarian artery and endometrial arcuate arteries in the early secretory phase was determined by endovaginal Doppler ultrasound; the second study included 50 patients diagnosed with ovarian endometriotic cysts, in whom the RI of the uterine artery, ovarian artery and cyst wall arteries in the late proliferative phase and in the late secretory phase was determined. Results. In the early secretory phase, the vascular flow through the uterine artery was significantly higher in patients with ovarian endometrioma. These patients had increased endometrial vascularity in the early secretory phase compared to the control group. In the late secretory phase, the vascular flow through the ovarian artery was higher compared to the late proliferative phase in patients with ovarian endometrioma. The vascularization of the ovarian endometrioma wall was significantly increased in the late secretory phase compared to the late proliferative phase. Conclusions. Vascularization, described through the arrangement of vessels, vascular density and vascular resistance, is an important factor in the evaluation of ovarian endometrioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Ovarian tumors include masses with a fluid or parenchymal cystic character, characterized by typical or abnormal epithelial proliferation. They present an extreme diversity, the classification being realized according to several criteria. Ovarian tumors may be benign or malignant, cystic or solid, uni- or bilateral, secretory or non-secretory, primary or secondary. Ultrasound examination remains the gold standard imaging procedure used in ovarian mass evaluation. Doppler examination evaluates arterial and venous blood flow. The most commonly used Doppler spectral wave parameters are the resistivity index and the pulsatility index. The most commonly encountered complications of ovarian tumors are torsion of the ovary or adnexa, intracystic hemorrhage, as well as their malignant transformation. Although the diagnosis of adnexal torsion is most commonly based on the clinical examination of the patient, color Doppler evaluation may be useful by demonstrating the absence of arterial and venous flow. In case of intracystic hemorrhage, the resorption of the blood within the ovarian cyst determines the distinct ultrasound features, ranging from hyperecogenic aspects identified at the onset of hemorrhage, to hypo-/anecogenic images later. The model of the internal echoes will undergo changes with the passage of time and resorption of the clot. Doppler examination in the presence of intracystic hemorrhage will not reveal internal vascularization. Suggestive criteria for malignant ovarian masses are thick, multiple septations, papillary projections, solid stuctures within the tumor mass and ascites. Doppler ultrasound in malignant tumors identifies vessels of neoformation, which have low pulsatility and resistivity index. Conclusions. Color Doppler ultrasound can provide additional information to 2D ultrasound examination regarding the nature of the lesions, their malignant potential, and the presence of the torsion of the adnexa or ovary. The specificity and the positive predictive value of the 2D ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of the ovarian tumor complications increase when an extra examination using color and spectral Doppler is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecologia.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Malformațiile cardiace sunt cele mai frecvente anomalii congenitale, acestea putând fi întâlnite atât izolat, cât și în asociere cu anomalii cromozomiale. Prima examinare a cordului fetal este recomandată în timpul screeningului pentru anomalii cromozomiale de trimestrul I și aceasta trebuie să fie urmată de o reevaluare între 20 și 23 de săptămâni de sarcină. Astfel, pacientelor care nu prezintă factori de risc pentru malformații cardiace li se va efectua o evaluare de bază a cordului fetal. Pacientele care prezintă oricare dintre următorii factori de risc: translucența nucală >= 3,5 mm, suspiciunea absenței ductului venos, suspiciunea unei malformații cardiace la evaluarea de bază a cordului fetal, antecedente de defecte cardiace severe la făt/copil, beneficiază de evaluarea în detaliu a cordului fetal. Principiile de bază ale examinării cordului în primul trimestru de sarcină sunt similare cu cele utilizate la vârste gestaționale avansate, fiind recomandată examinarea în dinamică a secțiunilor transverse, pornind de la nivelul abdomenului superior până la nivelul toracelui. Examenul Doppler color facilitează evidențierea anatomiei cordului fetal, a conexiunilor vasculare, precum și a direcției fluxului sangvin. Asocierea ecografie 2D - ecografie Doppler color îmbunătățește calitatea examinării cordului fetal. Evaluarea situsului cardiac, a imaginii de 4 camere, a ductului venos, a căilor de ejecție a ventriculului stâng și drept, a imaginii de 3 vase, a arcului aortic, a arterei subclavivulare drepte, a septului interventricular și a încrucișării arterei aorte cu artera pulmonară permit aprecierea normalității structurilor examinate sau identificarea unor elemente patologice. Aceste aspecte sunt sugestive pentru prognosticul antepartum și permit decizia informată privitoare la opțiunile terapeutice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecologia.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)