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Recent outbreaks of Verticillium wilt diseases in various vegetable crops have been reported in Brazil. This fact was our initial stimulus to carry out a nationwide survey aiming to determine their causal agent(s). Thus far, Verticillium dahliae has been reported as the predominant species based solely on morphological traits. As other Verticillium species can be associated with wilt diseases, we characterized a collection of 80 isolates, collected across 10 agricultural Brazilian regions, by combining morphological, biological, and molecular traits. A multilocus approach was employed for identification of Verticillium species with information from three genomic regions (ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and actin genes). Only 21 out of the 80 isolates were unable to produce microsclerotia in culture. The analyses of all genomic regions indicated V. dahliae as the sole species associated with vascular wilt of distinct hosts, including major solanaceous vegetables and other hosts such as trawberry, okra, and cacao. Pathogenicity tests confirmed the infection by the V. dahliae isolates and the development of typical disease symptoms on their original hosts. This is the first nationwide characterization of Verticillium isolates associated with major vegetable crops in Neotropical areas. This provides valuable information to design sound management strategies for these diseases, mainly for establishing efficient rotation systems and for the development of resistant cultivars. Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-10T04:00:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Plant-Pathology-2022-Suaste8208Dzul-Verticillium-diseases-of-vegetable-crops-in-Brazil-Host-range-microsclerotia.pdf: 2203711 bytes, checksum: 174ffb030b398d1f1c1fc7fd72b1fe7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Snap and common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are severely affected by Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) infection, so far the only begomovirus reported on these crops in Brazil (1). Samples of snap and common beans colonized by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B and displaying golden mosaic, chlorotic spots, and leaf distortion were collected in three production regions in Goiás State (Goianápolis, Luziânia, and Itaberaí) between 2003 and 2007. Total DNA extracted from leaf samples was used as template in PCR assays using universal primers targeting conserved regions of the DNA-A and DNA-B genomes (3). Begomovirus-specific amplicons were observed only with DNA template from symptomatic plants. Two single amplicons were observed for both genomic segments, indicating the presence of bipartite species in all samples. Sequence analysis of four isolates (named as GO-176, GO-260, GO-354, and GO-368) obtained from common bean samples indicated identity levels of approximately 95% with the DNA-A segment of BGMV (GenBank Accession No. FJ665283). However, the complete DNA-A sequence (GenBank Accession No. HM357459.1) of the GO-060 isolate (from a symptomatic snap bean plant collected in Goianápolis) displayed 76% identity with BGMV (GenBank Accession No. FJ665283) and 95% identity with the DNA-A of a Sida micrantha mosaic virus (SimMV) isolate (GenBank Accession No. EU908733.1) reported to be infecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) and 94.8% with a SimMV isolate reported to be infecting soybean (GenBank Accession No. FJ686693) in Brazil (2). Koch's postulates were fulfilled for the isolate GO-060 by inoculating a set of soybean and bean accessions via a biolistic approach. The ratio of positive PCR amplicons per total of inoculated plants were 15 of 16 for snap bean cv. Trepador, 9 of 10 for snap bean cv. Fartura, 18 of 24 for common bean cv. Olate Pinto, and 19 of 25 for common bean cv. Carioca. The isolate was also able to infect eight of nine soybean ‘Doko’ plants. Sequence analysis using symptomatic leaf samples (15 days after inoculation) confirmed SimMV as the causal agent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a SimMV isolate infecting P. vulgaris. This virus is apparently fast expanding its host range from Malvaceae to Solanaceae species and leguminous hosts after the introduction of B. tabaci biotype B (2). More extensive surveys are necessary to access the current epidemiological importance of SimMV in both snap and common beans in Brazil. References: (1) J.C. Faria and D. P. Maxwell. Phytopathology 89:262, 1999. (2) F. R. Fernandes et al. Arch. Virol. 154:1567, 2009. (3) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.

A survey of viral diseases was carried out during 2012 to 2013 in two major tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) producing regions in Uruguay (Salto and Canelones). Lower leaves of fruit-bearing plants were observed displaying yellowing and interveinal chlorosis under greenhouse conditions. The symptoms were similar to those associated with magnesium deficiency. However, the chlorosis displayed a tendency to move up affecting medial and apical leaves and prevailed even after supplementary magnesium applications to the soil, indicating potential infection by either Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) or Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) (3). Four leaf samples were collected from two sites in Canelones and 28 samples were collected from distinct commercial fields in Salto. Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci biotype Q and Trialeurodes vaporariorum) were present in all sampling sites. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic and healthy (control) plants and used for cDNA preparation with the HS-11/HS-12 primer pair followed by PCR amplification using the same primer pair. The 587-bp amplicon, corresponding to a highly conserved region of the heat shock protein (HSP-70) homolog gene reported in both TICV and ToCV genomes, was observed only in the symptomatic samples. These PCR products were then subjected to nested PCR using the ToCV specific primer pair (ToC-5/ToC-6) and TICV specific primer pair (TIC-3/TIC-4) (1). The expected 463-bp ToCV-specific amplicon was observed in all symptomatic plants but not in the healthy controls. The 223-bp amplicon corresponding to TICV was not observed in any sample, indicating the sole presence of ToCV. The amplicon of one Uruguayan ToCV isolate from Salto (named as CRS03) was purified and directly sequenced (GenBank KC626018). BLAST analysis revealed 99% identity of CRS03 with one Spanish isolate (AF233435.1) (2). Virus-free B. tabaci biotype Q adults were exposed to symptomatic plants infected with the CRS03 isolate for a 24-h period and then cage-confined with 10 healthy tomato plants (line ‘LT17’) for a 48-h period. Symptoms were reproduced in all tested plants after a 65-day period and ToCV infection was confirmed via PCR assays and by sequence analysis of the gel-purified amplicons. This is the first formal report of ToCV infecting tomatoes in Uruguay. Incidence of symptomatic plants in tomato crops varied from 30 to 100%, even under low whitefly pressure. Epidemiological information needs to be generated in order to evaluate the impact of ToCV in the fresh-market tomato yield and quality. References: (1) C. I. Dovas et al. Plant Dis. 86:1345, 2002. (2) G. Lozano et al. Arch. Virol. 151:581, 2006. (3) G. C. Wisler et al. Arch. Virol. 151:409, 2006.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-02T00:34:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DescriptionofGolovinomycesorontiiastheCausalAgentofLettuceLactucasativaPowderyMildewinBrazilPlantDisease.pdf: 579258 bytes, checksum: 3325fbc811be48c023780e56bd8cf9cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

A murcha-bacteriana causada por Ralstonia solanacearum é uma das principais doenças das solanáceas em climas tropicais. Historicamente limitante à produção de tomate na Região Norte do Brasil, passou a ser uma séria ameaça ao tomateiro também nas Regiões Sul e Sudeste após a expansão do cultivo protegido. Embora fontes de resistência à doença tenham sido identificadas em germoplasma de tomateiro, cultivares comerciais resistentes ainda não estão disponíveis no mercado. O uso de porta-enxerto comerciais de tomate tem se popularizado pelo fato de, além de proteger a planta contra a doença, reduzir o problema de incompatibilidade associada ao uso de espécies/gêneros diferentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, em casa de vegetação, os níveis de resistência à murcha bacteriana dos principais porta-enxertos comerciais de tomateiro, levando em conta a variabilidade patogênica de um conjunto de isolados de R. solanacearum. Foi observada uma clara distinção na incidência da doença entre os genótipos, e a reação foi do tipo isolado-dependente. Os porta-enxertos mais resistentes foram os híbridos 'Muralha' e 'Guardião', que não diferiram, para a maioria dos isolados, da linhagem 'Hawaii 7996' (padrão internacional de resistência) e apresentaram comportamento superior em relação aos híbridos 'Magnet' e 'Protetor'. Entretanto, todos os porta-enxertos avaliados sucumbiram à alta virulência do isolado CNPH 488 (Raça 1 / Biovar 2, coletado no estado do Paraná), que provocou a morte da totalidade das plantas. Quando avaliados em solo artificialmente infestado, com menor pressão de inóculo, 'Guardião' e 'Muralha' apresentaram, novamente, um desempenho significativamente superior ao de outros porta-enxertos. Os resultados obtidos reforçam que alguns porta-enxertos oferecem boa proteção do tomateiro contra a murcha-bacteriana sob condições normais de cultivo. Entretanto, em condições ambientais muito favoráveis à doença e/ou na presença de isolados muito virulentos, dificilmente o sistema de enxertia de tomateiro em tomateiro per se protegerá adequadamente a planta enxertada. Tal cenário exige medidas complementares e antecipadas de controle que visem a reduzir a população de R. solanacearum no solo ou escolha de ambiente menos propício à sua multiplicação. Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the main diseases of solanaceous crops in Tropical regions, being the major limiting factor for tomato production in the North Region of Brazil. The disease has also been a constraint to tomato production under protected cultivation, which had solid expansion in the South and Southeast regions in the last decades. Although sources of resistance to bacterial wilt have been identified in S. lycopersicum germplasm, no resistant cultivars are available to growers. However, commercial rootstocks are available to protect scions against the disease, thus reducing the incompatibility associated to the use of different Solanaceae species/genera. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the levels of resistance of a group of commercial hybrid/inbred tomato rootstocks to a diverse array of five R. solanacearum isolates (all obtained from infected tomato plants). A clear discrimination was observed among the evaluated rootstocks in relation to disease incidence. The phenotypic reaction of the tomato rootstocks was isolate-specific. The tomato hybrids 'Muralha' and 'Guardião' and the inbred line 'Hawaii 7996' (international resistance standard) were the rootstocks with best performance against the majority of the five R. solanacearum isolates, displaying significantly better resistance when compared with the hybrids 'Magnet' and 'Protetor'. However, all rootstocks were highly susceptible (100% mortality) to the R. solanacearum CNPH 488 isolate (classified as race 1 / Biovar 2, collected in Paraná State, Brazil). The same set of rootstocks was also evaluated under artificially infested soil (with less intense inoculum pressure). The hybrids 'Guardião' and 'Muralha' repeated their good performance when compared with 'Magnet' and 'Protetor'. Our results reinforce the notion that under favorable environmental conditions and/or in the presence of highly virulent strains, the system based upon tomato scion grafted onto tomato rootstock might provide unsatisfactory levels of bacterial wilt control. Therefore, complementary and preemptive control measures will be necessary in order to reduce the initial inoculum pressure in the soil.

The tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) causes severe damage to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. TYLCD is associated with a complex of single-stranded circular DNA plant viruses of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) transmitted by the whitefy Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). The tomato inbred line TX 468-RG is a source of monogenic recessive resistance to begomoviruses derived from the hybrid cv. Tyking F1. A detailed analysis of this germplasm source against tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Israel (TYLCV-IL), a widespread TYLCD-associated virus, showed a significant restriction to systemic virus accumulation even under continuous virus supply. The resistance was effective in limiting the onset of TYLCV-IL in tomato, as significantly lower primary spread of the virus occurred in resistant plants. Also, even if a limited number of resistant plants could result infected, they were less efficient virus sources for secondary spread owing to the impaired TYLCV-IL accumulation. Therefore, the incorporation of this resistance into breeding programs might help TYLCD management by drastically limiting TYLCV-IL spread. © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland., This work was supported by grant AGL2013-48913-C2-1 from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), Bilateral CSIC-CNPq project 2011BR0035, and agreement MINECO-CSIC RECUPERA 2020 financed by FEDER. We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).

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O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar marcadores RAPD para utilização em sistemas de seleção assistida do locus Ty-1. Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-02T23:02:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fito201245Congress131.pdf: 98334 bytes, checksum: ec8a384af1c756b2a9b750367ead2c5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-02

Cinquenta acessos de Solanum aethiopicum foram avaliados para resistência à murcha bacteriana (Ralstonia solanacearum biovares I e 3). Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-25T09:23:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 digitalizar0220.pdf: 256672 bytes, checksum: ea058fb820d72ca92e3de898fb31e3b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-13 Suplemento. Resumo MEL 020. Trabalho apresentado no 41. Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, 41. Annual meeting of the Brazilian Phytophatological Society, Belo Horizonte, 2008.

Tectona grandis (teak) is currently expanding as a commercial timber crop in tropical Brazil. Teak trees displaying unusual canker lesions with abundant exudation of a viscous resin were observed in field inspections in Caceres, Mato …