1. Whole genome comparison of a large collection of mycobacteriophages reveals a continuum of phage genetic diversity
- Author
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Pope, Welkin H, Bowman, Charles A, Russell, Daniel A, Jacobs-Sera, Deborah, Asai, David J, Cresawn, Steven G, Jacobs, William R, Hendrix, Roger W, Lawrence, Jeffrey G, Hatfull, Graham F, Abbazia, Patrick, Abernathy, Kristia, Abesamis, Andrew, Abidi, Syed Amaan, Abrahim, Mamon, Abrams, Colton, Achimovich, Alecia, Ackerman, Brandon, Acosta, Jonuelle, Actis, Luis A, Adair, Tamarah L, Adame, Jaime, Adams, Sandra D, Adams, Jefferson, Adams, Kenyeda B, Adekunle, Rashidat F, Ademuwagun, Christianah, Adjei-Danquah, Eric J, Adkins, Nancy, Agarwal, Sheetal, Agarwal, Riddhima, Agbayani, Geovar, Agee, Robert, Aggarwal, Sahil, Agoro, Temitayo, Aguirre, Carmen, Ahler, Rachael, Ahmad, Salman, Ahmed, Amiya, Ahn, Michelle, Aiken, Stephen, Aittama, Kara, Ajaz, Bisma Ahmed, Akins, Alexandra, Akintayo, Bukola, Akojie, Felix, Al-Atrache, Zein, Alabi, Ola-Oluwakiti, Alakija, Olamide, Alapati, Nitheesha, Alba, Christian, Albertolle, Patrick, Ajsivinac, Pedro Alejandro, Alexander, Cindy, Alexander, Lisa M, Alexander, Rush, Aley, Stephen, Alfonso, Andrea, Alford, Rebecca F, Ali, Sarah, Alicea-Cabrera, Raul, Alkanani, Malak, Alkhalaf, Dwa'a, Allen, Brandon J, Allen, Elizabeth A, Allen, Elizabeth, Alluri, Venkata, Alonzo, Fernanda, Alvarado, Erika, Alvarado-Vega, Dymaries, Alvelo-Aviles, Amanda, Alvisi, Maria, Amick, Kimberly, Amweg, Kimber M, Anders, Kirk R, Anderson, Alexander G, Anderson, Alison, Anderson, Kelly, Anderson, Michael, Anderson, Joseph, Anderson, Kathryn M, Anderson, Patrick, Anderson, Sonya L, Andle, Joshua, Anguiano, Nicole, Antis, Nicolas, Antoine, Abigail, Anton, Tessa, Anway, Ashley, Anyan, Callie, Apiz-Saab, Juan, Apodaca, Javier, Appleyard, Robert, Aqel, Saba, Arakelyan, Marianne, Arceneaux, Jobi, Archer, Jordan, Archer, Kathleen, Ardeshna, Nelish S, and Arduino, Luke T
- Subjects
Biological Sciences ,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology ,Genetics ,Human Genome ,Biotechnology ,Biomedical Research ,Cooperative Behavior ,DNA ,Viral ,Gene Flow ,Genetic Variation ,Genome ,Viral ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Information Dissemination ,Mosaicism ,Mycobacteriophages ,Mycobacterium smegmatis ,Phylogeny ,Phylogeography ,Workforce ,Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science ,Phage Hunters Integrating Research and Education ,Mycobacterial Genetics Course ,bacteriophage ,evolution ,evolutionary biology ,genomics ,infectious disease ,microbiology ,viruses ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
The bacteriophage population is large, dynamic, ancient, and genetically diverse. Limited genomic information shows that phage genomes are mosaic, and the genetic architecture of phage populations remains ill-defined. To understand the population structure of phages infecting a single host strain, we isolated, sequenced, and compared 627 phages of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Their genetic diversity is considerable, and there are 28 distinct genomic types (clusters) with related nucleotide sequences. However, amino acid sequence comparisons show pervasive genomic mosaicism, and quantification of inter-cluster and intra-cluster relatedness reveals a continuum of genetic diversity, albeit with uneven representation of different phages. Furthermore, rarefaction analysis shows that the mycobacteriophage population is not closed, and there is a constant influx of genes from other sources. Phage isolation and analysis was performed by a large consortium of academic institutions, illustrating the substantial benefits of a disseminated, structured program involving large numbers of freshman undergraduates in scientific discovery.
- Published
- 2015