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The article fosuces on the essential mathematics that underpins the use of algorithms. Topics discussed include the grid multiplication and extended multiplication facts is the understanding and use of algorithms; the distributive property directly impacts the setting out of the standard algorithm and it can also be developed through the use of the array; and the base ten property also informs the development of extended number.

The article focuses on use of a written multiplication algorithm and the mathematics. Topics discussed inlcude useful methods for calculation when numbers are too large to mentally calculate quickly or accurately; need to be developed through a thorough understanding of the distributive property; and developing the grid or area representation for multiplication.