1. Hypersomnolence is associated with non-remission of major depressive disorder.
- Author
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Cheung MMS, Lam SP, Chau SWH, Chan NY, Li TM, Wing YK, and Chan JWY
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adult, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Suicidal Ideation, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Depressive Disorder, Major epidemiology, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, clinical correlates and the relationship between hypersomnolence and clinical outcomes in a cohort of MDD patients., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a MDD cohort in an university-affiliated adult psychiatric outpatient clinic. The diagnosis of MDD and severity of depression were ascertained by the clinician with structured clinical interviews. Each participant completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), 1-week sleep diary, and a battery of questionnaires that assessed usual sleep pattern, insomnia, anxiety, depression, fatigue and circadian preference. Hypersomnolence was defined as ESS score ≥14 among those reported ≥7 h of nighttime sleep. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the relationships between the variables., Results: Among 252 recruited subjects, 11 % met the criteria of hypersomnolence as defined by a ESS score ≥14 despite ≥7 h of nighttime sleep. Patients with hypersomnolence had greater depression ratings, higher rates of suicidal ideations over the past week, and more likely to meet a diagnosis of atypical depression (p < 0.05) than those without hypersomnolence. Step-wise logistic regression demonstrated that hypersomnolence was an independent risk factor associated with a 3-fold increase in the risk of depression non-remission (adjusted OR 3.13; 95 % CI 1.10-8.95; p = 0.034)., Conclusion: Patients with hypersomnolence despite seemingly adequate sleep represent a subgroup of MDD patients who have a more severe illness profile with higher non-remission rate and suicidality. The findings highlight the importance of addressing both sleep and mood symptoms in the management of MDD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest YKW received consultation fee from Eisai Co., Ltd., honorarium from Eisai Hong Kong for lecture, travel support from Lundbeck HK limited for overseas conference, and honorarium from Aculys Pharma, Inc for lecture. JWYC received personal fee from Eisai Co., Ltd and travel support from Lundbeck HK limited for overseas conference. Both are outside the submitted work. None of the authors reports any conflict of interest as related to the study., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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