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Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of action of the calcium sensitizer levosimendan (LS) in patients with various grade of heart failure (HF) severity before cardiosurgery.Material and methods. LS was applied as a part of HF treatment while preparing patients for surgery in 2-4 days. Performed dose was 0,025 — 0,1 µg/kg/min. The drug was not administered in bolus. Preoperation group of participants included 108 patients (62% — men, 38% — women, aged 20 — 72 years (53±13)) with CHF III-IV FC by NYHA, with ejection fraction of the left ventricle (LVEF) about in average 27±8%.Mean level of natriuretic B-type peptide was 1129 (Me 854, Q25 396, Q75 1419) pg/mL. Main etiology of chronic HF in participants was dilation cardiomyopathy: noncoronary cardiomyopathy in 30 patients (27,7%), ischemic cardiomyopathy (ischemic heart disease, postinfarction cardiosclerosis) in 72 patients (66,7%) and acquired valve defects in 6 patients (5,6%). For assessment of efficacy of the drug in various grade of HF severity, patients were selected to subgroups according to the level of LVEF decrease (less 20%, 21-30%, 31-40%, more 40%), and pulmonary artery pressure (PAWP) (less 40 mmHg, 40-70 mmHg, more 70 mmHg).Results. Infusion of the drug led to statistically significant increase of LVEF comparing to the baseline (57%), decrease of PAWP (64%) and BNP concentration in 77% cases. Conclusion. The LS is an effective medication which can be applied with the aims to prepare HF patients to cardiosurgical operations. Most sensitive parameters of LS efficacy are PAWP, LVEF and BNP concentration. The highest efficacy of the drug was observed in subgroup with EF ≤40%, PAWP ≥40 mmHg and BNP ≥600 pg/mL. LS, applied in HF patients before cardiosurgery, can be used for assessment of reserves of myocardial capacity.

Aim. Based on the instrumental, histological and genetic studies to show the role and significance of intracardial anomalies and morphological specifics of the special form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), that the authors name as diffuse-generalized. Material and methods. A clinical, instrumental, histological and molecular-genetic study was conducted with 16 enrolled patients with diffuse-generalized form of HCM, who underwent complex surgical interventions: by transaortal approach the extended myoectomy of interventricular sept, and by intraatrial approach — parietal resection of papillary muscles, and universal chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement.Results. There was no in-hospital mortality. The long-term results for up to 5 years show that all patients moved from the IV-III NYHA to I-II NYHA functional classes. Morphological study showed that in the base of myocardial mass increase in HCM there is neither hypertrophy, but hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes. All 16 patients showed significant signs of myxomatous mitral valve degeneration.Conclusion. Diffuse-generalized type of HCM is due to spread hyperplasia process in myocardium. The invented radical remodeling operation abolishes intraventricular severe changes of pressure and increases diastolic volume of the left ventricle, preventing diastolic dysfunction development.

Aim. To study different ways of development and combinational abilities of pathological changes common for bicuspid aortic valvulopathy. Material and methods. Totally 207 patients included, who had during previous 5 years been operated for progression of inherited aortic valve defect. The age varied from 17 to 75 years (median 49,6±0,9 y.), men to women — 3:1. Comorbidities included rheumatic fever in 33 (15,9%) patients and infectious endocarditis in the past in 45 (21,7%). In 111 (53,6%) patients aortic stenosis dominated and distension of ascending aorta — in 82 (39,6%) patients.Results. For most of patients mechanical prostheses were used and only for 12 — biological; 13 patients underwent valvulopastic or no any operation. One third of patients (31,9%) required a prosthesis of ascending aorta. Combinations of additional procedures (as aortic valve plastic or prosthesis, tricuspid plastic, left atrium plastic, septal defects sewing, coronary bypass grafting) were not unusual — in 57. In-hospital mortality reached 2,9%.Conclusion. Bicuspid aortic valve is a specific kind of valvulopathy, commonly combined with aortopathy. The development of this pathology is probably inherited. Clinical picture of the defect develops during time and its exacerbation might be accelerated by rheumathic fever and infectious endocarditis. Surgical treatment is effective.

Aim. To demonstrate a clinical case of mixoma with mitral regurgitation Material and methods. The operation performed: excision of voluminous formation of the left atrium, mitral valve plastic with supporting ring Edwards Lifescience 32, interatrial septum plastic with the VAsCUTEC patch under conditions of artificial circulation and pharmacy-cold cardioplegy. Results. Complete myxoma excision, absence of mitral regurgitation afteroperation. Conclusion. Complete myxoma excision and mitral regurgitation correction lead to a good clinical result.A LEFT ATRIAL GIGANTIC MIXOMA ON BACKGROUND OF MITRAL VALVE DYSPLASIADzemeshkevitch S. L., Frolova Yu.V., Rizun L. I., Dzemeshkevitch A. S., Raskin V. V., Fedulova S. V., Dzeranova A. N., Mironovich S. A.