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Aim: Intimal hyperplasia causes vascular occlusion and its optimal treatment is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of Apixaban and Rivaroxaban treatment for preventing intimal hyperplasia in rabbits. Material and Methods: The rabbits (n = 15) were randomly divided into three groups. Reanastomoses are applied to the carotid artery. All groups received 100 U/kg heparin sodium during the operation period. Group A (n = 5) as a control group had no medication. Group B (n = 5) was given Rivaroxaban 3 mg/kg/day. In-group C (n = 5) Apixaban was administered per orally 10 mg/kg. At the end of the treatment on the 28th day, carotid artery specimens were excised and evaluated histologically. Results: Increased intima thickness was observed in the control group than the drug groups (P=0.019, P=0.007). It was found that there was no difference between groups in terms of lumen diameter, lumen area, tunica media area and tunica media thickness. There was difference between groups in terms of caspase 3 or TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) staining (p [Turk J Vasc Surg 2022; 31(3.000): 148-56]