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Z diplomskim delom prikazujemo pojem stresa v policiji skozi nekaj različnih področij. Predvsem so prikazani policijski stresorji, ki so razdeljeni v kategorije: stresorji v zvezi z naravo dela, medsebojni stresorji, organizacijski stresorji in družinski stresorji. Zatem so opisane posledice stresov, ki so jih doživeli policisti, ki so prav tako razdeljene v štiri kategorije: fizične, psihične, socialne in organizacijske. Pokazano je, da stres zelo negativno vpliva na psihično in fizično zdravje policistov, na njihovo socialno življenje, s čimer je zelo oškodovana tudi organizacija, v kateri je policist zaposlen. Na žalost se določeni policisti s stresom soočajo z napačnimi mehanizmi, kot so zloraba alkohola, emocionalno oddaljevanje od družine, disociacija ipd. V stanju umika čutenj ali njihove poplave se vklopi primitivni del možganov, kjer primanjkuje sposobnosti za reševanje težav in uvida v pomene ter razlage, ki so pripeljali do situacije. V takšnem stanju se človek ni zmožen braniti ali uveljaviti oz. izbrati sebi koristno dejanje. Čeprav so mehanizmi soočanja povezani s stabilnimi osebnostnimi karakteristikami, na njih seveda delujejo tudi okolijske variable, kot je vzgoja. Se pravi, da je mogoče uporabljati in se učiti pravilnih oz. adaptivnih mehanizmov soočanja in na tak način preprečiti mnoge slabe posledice stresa, kar je v policijski stroki zelo pomembno. Narava dela policiste uvršča v rizično skupino v smislu pogostejše izpostavljenosti stresorjem in negativnim zdravstvenim posledicam, zaradi česar je neobhodno policiste pripraviti na prihajajoče situacije, kar je možno z edukacijo oz. poučevanjem o pravilnih mehanizmih soočanja ipd. Zelo pomembno je tudi izvajanje psiholoških tretmajev pri policistih, ki so zboleli in imajo znatne psihične in fizične tegobe kot posledice poslovnih stresorjev. Diplomsko delo obravnava oblike in vzroke stresa v policiji s poudarkom na stres kriminalistov, ki se ukvarjajo s področjem zatiranja organizirane kriminalitete. Izvedena je bila anketa med kriminalisti oddelkov za organizirano kriminaliteto na več policijskih upravah v Sloveniji. Prav tako smo za ponazoritev stiske, s katero je lahko soočen policist med rednim delom, izvedli intervju s policistom, ki je bil prisiljen uporabiti strelno orožje zoper storilca kaznivega dejanja. Ugotovitve, do katerih smo prišli na podlagi predhodno izvedenih analiz pridobljenih podatkov in študij teoretičnih vidikov stresa v policiji, kjer smo podatke sicer črpali iz svetovne strokovne in znanstvene literature, pa so, da so slovenski policisti slabo pripravljeni za preprečevanje in obvladovanje stresa v službi. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je po oceni policistov stres zaradi dogodkov, povezanih s službo (organizacijski stresorji), dokaj pogost in ga policisti najpogosteje izpostavljajo kot vzrok svojih notranjih stisk in težav. With this diploma thesis, we present the concept of stress in the police through several different fields. Notably, presented police stressors are divided into categories: stressors related to the nature of work, interpersonal stressors, organizational stressors, and family stressors. Subsequently, described are the consequences of the stress, experienced by police officers, which are also divided into four categories: physical, psychological, social and organizational. It has been shown that stress has a very negative impact on the mental and physical health of police officers and on their social life, which also severely damages the organization in which the police officer is employed. Unfortunately, certain officers face stress with wrong mechanisms, such as alcohol abuse, emotional separation from the family, even dissociation, and so on. In the state of withdrawal or flood of the senses, the primitive part of the brain turns on, where it lacks the ability to solve problems and to understand the meanings and explanations that led to the situation. In such a condition, one is incapable of defending or asserting himself, or to choose a useful action for himself. Although coping mechanisms are associated with stable personality traits, environmental variables such as education are also affected by them. So it is possible to use and learn the correct or adaptive coping mechanisms to prevent many of the bad effects of stress, which is very important in the police profession. The nature of the work classifieds police officers in a risk group in terms of more frequent exposure to stressors and negative health consequences, which makes it necessary to prepare them for upcoming situations, which is possible through education or training of the correct coping mechanisms, etc. It is also very important to implement psychological treatments for police officers who are ill and have significant psychological and physical disabilities as a result of business stressors. The diploma thesis deals with the forms and causes of stress in the police with an emphasis on the stress of criminal investigators, who are mostly dealing on the field of suppression of organized crime. A survey was conducted among criminal investigators from organized crime departments from several police administrations in Slovenia. We also conducted an interview with a police officer who was forced to use a firearm against the perpetrator to illustrate the distress a police officer may face during regular work. The findings obtained from previously conducted analyzes of the obtained data and studies of theoretical aspects of stress in the police, where the data were drawn from the world of professional and scientific literature, are that Slovenian police officers are ill-prepared for preventing and managing stress at work. We also found that, according to police officers, stress due to work-related events (organizational stressors) is quite common and police officers most often expose it as the cause of their internal distress and problems.

Diplomsko delo govori o terorizmu, profiliranju teroristov in napadu na francoski satirični časnik Charlie Hebdo. V začetku je pojasnjeno, kaj je terorizem, kdo so teroristi in kateri dejavniki so tisti, ki na njih vplivajo tako močno, da se odločijo to postati. Terorizem je verjetno star skoraj toliko kot človeštvo. A začetek boja proti terorizmu in njegovega razumevanja, proučevanja lahko postavimo v leto 2001. Takrat se je zgodil napad na WTC in Pentagon, ki je dodobra spremenil svet. Prvi del diplomskega dela opisuje zgodovino terorizma, kaj je terorizem, kdo so teroristi in opredelitve le-teh. Drugi del diplomskega dela govori o psihološkem profilu teroristov, njihovem nastanku, osebnostnih značilnostih, razlogih, zaradi katerih so se odločili postati teroristi, vplivu vere na njih in novačenju. Beseda teče tudi o profiliranju, njegovi zgodovini in vrsti. V zadnjem delu pa je analiziran napad na časnik Charlie Hebdo. Zaključni del diplomskega dela pojasni, ali je mogoče na podlagi profila podobnih primerov identificirati osebe, ki so zmožne izvesti podobne napade. The Bachelor’s thesis discusses terrorism, profiling of terrorists and the attack on the French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo. In the beginning, I will explain what terrorism is, who are terrorists and what are the factors that influence them to the point that they decide to become terrorists. Terrorism is probably as old as humanity. But we can place the beginning of the fight against terror and its understanding in the year 2001. In 2001, the attack on the WTO Twin Towers and on Pentagon happened and substantially changed the world. First part of my thesis describes the history of terrorism, what terrorism is, who terrorists are and how we define them. Second part of the Bachelor’s thesis discusses the psychological profile of terrorists, how they become terrorists, what are their personal characteristics, what are the reasons that make them decide to become terrorists, the influence of religion and recruitment. We also discuss profiling, its history and kind. In this part we will analyse the attack on Charlie Hebdo. The concluding part explains whether it is possible to use psychological profiling from similar cases to identify persons capable of executing such attacks.

Diplomsko delo govori o stresnosti policijskega dela ter kako so k stresu, posttravmatski stresni motnji in njunim posledicam izpostavljeni policisti pri svojem vsakdanjem delu. Namen diplomskega dela je tudi osvestiti policiste in morda tudi druge, kako, kje in na kakšen način lahko poiščejo strokovno pomoč ter kdo in na kakšen način jo nudi. Osrednji del diplomskega dela je raziskava, ki je bila izvedena je s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. Anketni vprašalnik je bil razdeljen znotraj Policijske uprave Nova Gorica (SKP PU Nova Gorica, OKC PU Nova Gorica, PPP Nova Gorica, PP Ajdovščina, PP Bovec, PP Nova Gorica in PP Tolmin), in sicer na različnih sistematiziranih delovnih mestih kot so: policist, policist – starejši policist, policist – stalni dežurni, policist – vodja policijskega okoliša, policist – kriminalist in drugo. Za namen raziskave smo zastavili tri hipoteze, s katerimi smo želeli ugotoviti, ali Policija kot delodajalec skrbi za ustrezno in pravočasno pomoč policistom, ali travmatični dogodek pri večini policistov ne pusti negativnih posledic in ali imajo policisti predsodke pred iskanjem psihološke pomoči. Rezultati anketnega vprašalnika "Vpliv travmatičnih dogodkov na delo policista in psihološka pomoč" so pokazali, da policisti imajo predsodke pred iskanjem psihološke pomoči. Z neposredno trditvijo o lastnih predsodkih pri trditvi št. 4 – Psihološke pomoči zaradi predsodka ne bom uporabil/a, se je sicer strinjal manjši odstotek anketiranih policistov, vendar jih več kot polovica meni, da imajo predsodke drugi policisti. Prav tako so zgovorni odgovori policistov na odprto vprašanje št. 14 – V katerem primeru bi se odločili za psihološko pomoč zaradi travmatičnega dogodka v službi, ko jih, kar slaba tretjina v nobenem primeru ne bi iskala psihološke pomoči ob travmatičnem dogodku v službi. Menimo, da so rezultati skladni s pogostim stereotipom, da mora biti policist „super junak“, ki mu nič ne pride do živega. The diploma thesis discusses the stressfulness of police work and how police officers are exposed to stress, posttraumatic stress disorder and the effects of both in their daily work. The purpose of the diploma thesis is also to raise awareness among police officers and others regarding professional help how, where to find it, including the ways of help. The focus of the thesis is research, which it was conducted with the help of a survey questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was distributed within the Nova Gorica Police Directorate (Nova Gorica CPD, Nova Gorica OCC PD, Nova Gorica TPS, Ajdovščina PS, Bovec PS, Nova Gorica PS and Tolmin PS) in various systematic posts such as: police officer, police officer – senior police officer, police officer – duty officer, police officer – regional chief of police, police officer – detective and other. We set three hypotheses for the purpose of the research in order to determine whether the police as an employer provides adequate and timely assistance to police officers, if a traumatic event does not have negative consequences for most police officers and if police officers have prejudices against seeking psychological assistance. The set hypotheses were confirmed in the final part and results were interpreted accordingly. The results of the survey questionnaire "Impact of traumatic events on the work of police officers and psychological assistance" showed that police officers do have prejudices before seeking psychological help. By directly claiming in claim no. 4 – I will not seek psychological assistance because of prejudice, although a smaller percentage of police officers agreed, but more than half believe that other police officers have prejudices. Equally eloquent are the officers' answers to the open question no. 14 - In which case would they opt for psychological assistance because of a traumatic event at work one third would never seek for professional assistance due to traumatic event at work. We believe that the results are consistent with the common stereotype that a police officer must be a "super hero", meaning "unbreakable" as such figure.

Varnost je temeljna dobrina v naši družbi. Vsi ljudje si želimo biti varni. Skozi celotno človeško zgodovino so imeli ljudje varnostnike. Danes je to še pogostejši pojav. Strokovnjaki na varnostnem področju se vedno bolj osredotočajo na taktiko osebnega varovanja, saj so lahko le tako korak pred potencialnimi napadalci ter obvarujejo življenja oseb. Vedno več poudarka je na uporabi govorice telesa na več področjih, njeno proučevanje se zelo hitro razvija. Z njo si pomagajo tudi strokovnjaki na področju varnosti. Security is a fundamental asset in our society. Every human being wants to feel safe. Throughout human history some people have had security guards who have protected them. Today this is an even more frequent occurrence. Security experts are increasingly focusing on the personal protection tactics, since this is the only way for them to be one step ahead of potential assailants and to protect the lives of the people they protect. More and more emphasis is also placed on the use of body language. The study of which is rapidly developing. It is also used by security experts.

V uvodu skušam pokazati, kakšno je trenutno moje mnenje o tej temi in predstavim tri hipoteze, ki sem si jih zadala. V diplomski nalogi smo se najprej posvetili stresu in nasilju kot glavnima sestavinama te povezave. O vsakem smo zapisali osnovne informacije, ki bi nam pomagale pri razumevanju nadaljnjega besedila. Glavna snov za diplomsko nalogo je povezava med stresom in nasiljem v družini, šoli in službi. V nadaljevanju smo nato raziskovali vsako okolje posebej. Najprej opišemo šolo in kaj doživljajo otroci v ustanovah, ki jih obiskujejo vsak dan. Postavimo si vprašanje, kakšen stres doživljajo otroci v šoli, sploh tistega, ki je posledica medvrstniškega nasilja. Služba je ravno tako kot šola velik del naših življenj. Če se v šoli pojavlja medvrstniško nasilje, pride v službi do trpinčenja med sodelavci, ki ga imenujemo mobing. Ker je mobing že sam po sebi nasilje, se tu sprašujemo, kakšen stres nam povzroča. Težava nastane, ko osebe, ki so žrtve, krivijo sebe za dogajanje. Naslednje okolje je družina, tu se združijo otroci in odrasli. Družina naj bi bila zavetje, vendar v veliko primerih ni tako. Sploh kadar pride do izrabljanja substanc, raznih zasvojenosti, izgube službe ali napetosti, od katere se morajo sprostiti. Vse frustracije nato rešujejo z nasiljem nad otroki in partnerjem, oni pa občutijo stres. Travme znajo biti tako močne, da se pojavi posttravmatska stresna motnja (v nadaljevanju PTSM). Vemo, da zaradi nasilja oseba razvije PTSM, vendar ali je enako tudi v nasprotnem primeru. Raziskali smo vprašanje, ali lahko oseba, ki zboli za PTSM, postane agresivna. Na koncu smo vse raziskano združili v to, po čemer se sprašujemo v naslovu, ali sta torej stres in nasilje povezana. Ugotovili smo, da sta nedvomno prepletena prek vsakdanjih travm, življenja, nasilja in stresnih dogodkov. V zaključku pa se posvetimo še temu, kaj lahko naredimo v nastalih primerih, ki nam jih stres in nasilje prinašata. In the introduction, we tried to show what our current opinion is on the topic about stress and violence, and present three hypotheses that we have set. In diploma, we first focused on stress and violence as the main components of this connection. We wrote down basic information about each of them to help us understand the text that follows. As the main subject for the relationship between stress and violence we looked into the family, school and work, and further explored each environment individually. First, we described the school and what the children experience in the institutions they visit every day. Let us ask ourselves, what kind of stress children in school experience, especially the one resulting from bullying. Just like school, work is a big part of our lives. If bullying occurs at school, is bullying at work within colleagues is called mobbing. Since mobbing is violence in itself, we ask ourselves what kind of stress it causes us. The problem arises when the victims are blaming themselves for what is happening. Next environment is family, which is supposed to be a shelter, but in many cases this is not true. Especially when it comes to substance abuse, various addictions, loss of employment or the strain from which they need to relax. All frustration is then resolved by violence against children and partner, who at the end feel stress. Traumas can be severe enough to cause post-traumatic stress disorder (hereinafter referred to as PTSD). We know that because of violence, a person develops PTSD, but is it the same otherwise. We explored the question of whether a person with PTSD can become aggressive. In the end, we combined all the research into what we ask and wonder in the title, whether stress and violence are related. Where we find that they are undoubtedly intertwined through everyday traumas, life, violence and stressful events. Finally, we focus on what we can do in the emergent cases that stress and violence bring us.

V diplomski nalogi je predstavljen problem verodostojnosti obujanja spominov na spolno zlorabo v mladosti. Tema je relativno malo raziskana, saj gre za večno polemiko med zagovorniki in nasprotniki potlačenih spominov. Spolna zloraba je dogodek, mimo katerega ne moremo. Je človeška prelomnica, ki pusti velike posledice skozi celo življenje, ravno zato se tako pogosto pojavi vprašanje, kako se lahko nekdo ne spomni spolne zlorabe iz otroštva ter kasneje v odrasli dobi tak spomin zopet privre na plano. Še najbolj od vsega pa je vprašljivo kako verodostojni so ti spomini. O pojmu represija je pisal že Sigmund Freud, ki je trdil, da neprijetne in boleče trenutke izrinemo iz zavesti in se s tem izognemo nelagodju, kar pa ne pomeni, da jih odstranimo. Znanstvenih dokazov o potlačenih spominih do sedaj še ni, je pa veliko rečenega na to temo tako s strani zagovornikov kot nasprotnikov. Obujanje bolečih spominov je lahko dvorezni meč, saj je naš spomin tako krhek in hitro pokvarljiv, da že manjša napaka pripelje do popačenja. Na eni strani so resnični in verodostojni primeri obujenih spominov, spet na drugi strani t. i. lažni spomini, katere lahko nenamerno povzroči terapevt. Ljudje z duševnimi težavami običajno poiščejo pomoč pri raznih terapevtih, ti pa lahko s sugestivnimi vprašanji človeka še bolj zmedejo in na nek način ''vcepijo'' lažen spomin na spolno zlorabo iz otroštva, ki je tako rekoč krivec za njihove duševne težave v sedanjosti. Ravno tako je vprašljiva hipnoza, saj kolikor je dejansko uporabna, so lahko njeni učinki tudi nasprotni, kajti človek pod hipnozo je še bolj dovzeten za predloge, kakor v običajnem stanju. Nekako se večina raziskav nagiba na to, da gre pri potlačenih travmatičnih spominih bolj kot ne za supresijo, ki pomeni izogibanje pogovoru o občutljivi tematiki in začasno nedostopnost teh spominov o katerih žrtev ne razmišlja in ne za dejansko pozabo. This bachelor thesis presents the issue of credibility of recovered memories in sexual abuse of youth. There has been little research done in connection to this subject, as it is a perpetual controversy between the supporters and opponents of repressed memories. Sexual abuse is an occurrence that we can never get past. It is a turning point that leaves grave consequences throughout the victim’s whole life, which is why the question often arises of how one cannot remember childhood sexual abuse but can later in the adult life regain that memory again. However, what is most questionable is how reliable these memories actually are. Sigmund Freud has already written about the notion of “repression” arguing that we suppress unpleasant and painful events from our conscience and thus avoid discomfort, not meaning we remove them. Until now, there is no scientific proof about suppressed memories, however a lot has been said about this subject, both by the opponents and proponents. Recovering painful memories can be a double edge sword as our memory is so fragile and perishable that even a minor disruption could lead to distortion. On one hand there are reliable cases of memory recollection, while on the other there are so called false memories, that are unintentionally generated by the therapist. Individuals with mental health issues usually seek help from different therapists, who can confuse their clients even more with suggestive questions and can instil a false memory of childhood sexual abuse, which is essentially he culprit for their mental health issues in the present. Similarly questionable is hypnosis while it can be useful, it may produce counterintuitive effects, since an individual under hypnosis is even more susceptible to suggestions than usual. Most of the researches suggest that repressed traumatic memories are more or less a supression, meaning that the victim avoids conversations about this sensative subject, which leads to temporary unavailability of those memories, however, it does not mean that they have actually forgotten about the event.

Stališča so različni pogledi, mnenja in mišljenja, preko katerih si ljudje ustvarjajo sliko o do-ločeni dejavnosti države. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti področja in naloge, na kate-rih deluje vojska, in predstaviti različna stališča, ki jih ima o Slovenski vojski (SV) civilno pre-bivalstvo. Cilj diplomskega dela je podrobneje primerjati ugotovitve, analizirati in dokazati, da SV za prebivalstvo ne predstavlja le obrambe pred zunanjimi silami, pač pa tudi pomoč in podporo v kriznih situacijah. S pomočjo 177 anketirancev, ki so sodelovali pri izpolnjevanju ankete, sem pridobila mnenja o zaupanju v SV, smiselnosti uvedbe prostovoljne priključitve k vojski, smiselnosti vključevanja v mednarodne misije in operacije, pomanjkanju finančnega vložka iz države v obrambni sistem ter medijskem ozaveščanju prebivalstva o stanju v SV. V procesu zbiranja podatkov iz anket sem imela pozitivno izkušnjo, saj se je večji del anketiran-cev pozitivno odzvali na sodelovanje pri anketiranju. Odnos med SV in prebivalstvom sem kot primarno raziskala iz strokovnih virov ter predstavila rezultate javnomnenjske raziskave, ki je bila izvedena leta 2011. Izpostavili smo tudi raziskavo, ki je temeljila na mnenjih prebivalstva o nalogah SV. Predstavila sem uspešno delovanje SV na različnih področjih: pomoč prebival-stvu v naravnih ter drugih nesrečah, humanitarno pomoč v mednarodnih operacijah, pomoč policiji pri varovanju mej pred ilegalnimi prehodi, podatke pa sem pridobila iz raziskave iz-vedene leta 2017. Na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov sem prvo hipotezo zaradi nepopolno pridobljenih podatkov delno potrdila ter delno ovrgla. Drugo hipotezo sem potrdila, tretjo pa zavrnila. Prišla sem do ugotovitve, da je zaupanje v SV v zadnjih letih visoko. Iz pridobljenih podatkov iz obeh anket sem z analizo ugotovila, da prebivalstvo podpira vključevanje in po-moč vojske tudi pri drugih dejavnostih vzdrževanja varnosti, problem pa vidi v pomanjkanju finančnih virov. Views are different perspectives, opinions and thoughts, through which people create an image of particular affairs of a country. The objective of the diploma thesis is to present the areas and tasks on which the army operates and to present the various positions of civilian population on the Slovenian Army (SV). The aim is to compare the findings, analyze and demonstrate that for the population, the SV is not just a defense against external forces, but also assistance and support in crisis situations. With the help of 177 participants in the sur-vey, I gained opinions on the confidence in the SV, the reasoning for introducing volunteer military, the reasoning for being involved in international missions and operations, the lack of a financial contribution to the defense system from the state and media awareness of the population SV. In the process of gathering survey data, I had a positive experience, since the majority of respondents responded positively to participation in the survey. I primarily stud-ied the relationship between the SV and the population from expert sources and presented the results of a public opinion survey conducted in 2011. We also pointed out a survey based on the public opinion on the tasks of the SV. I presented the successful operation of the SV in various areas: assistance to the population in natural and other disasters, humanitarian as-sistance in international operations, assistance to the police in the protection of borders from illegal border crossing and obtained data from the survey carried out in 2017. Based on the obtained results, due to incomplete data, I partly confirmed the first hypothesis and partially rejected it. I confirmed the second hypothesis and rejected the third. I came to the conclusion that confidence in the SV has been high in recent years. By analyzing the ob-tained data from both polls, I discovered that the population supports the assistance of the army also in other security maintenance activities, but the problem is seen in the lack of financial resources.

Pri pridobivanju izjave mora policist znati presoditi oziroma ovrednotiti ter oceniti izjavo osumljenca. Pri verbalno podani izjavi osumljenca je poudarek na izrečenih besedah, medtem ko pri neverbalni komunikaciji govori telo, še preden se govor prične. V kolikor policist dobro pozna znake neverbalne komunikacije osumljenca, lažje presodi verodostojnost verbalne trditve. Poudariti moramo, da ima neverbalna komunikacija večjo sporočilno moč in je bolj verodostojna, vendar se verbalna in neverbalna komunikacija medsebojno dopolnjujeta. To je najbolj očitno, ko med njima pride do neskladja in takrat začutimo, da nas vsebina izjave, ki jo je podal osumljeni, nekako ni prepričala in nima pravega pomena. Obstajajo različne metode in tehnike prepoznavanja laži, ki pa niso dovolj objektivne, da bi lahko z gotovostjo trdili, da nekdo laže. Navadno si z njimi lahko pomagamo pri usmerjanju iskanja dokazov, ki so najbolj zanesljiv način dokazovanja in odkrivanja resnice. While collecting the suspect hearing statement the respective police officer has to be able to evaluate the suspect's statement. The verbally given statement is based on words but before the talk starts the body starts the communication already. When the police officer is well aware of the signs of the non-verbal communication of the suspect, evaluating the statement is easier. It needs to be stressed that the non-verbal communication is much more powerful and revealing than the verbally given statement but cannot be recorded or collected without the verbally given statement as they are linked and cannot be divided and treated separately. The before mentioned is most demonstrated when the verbal and non-verbal communication is not synchronised and it becomes obvious that the content of the verbally given statement is not supported by the non-verbal communication, therefore, the message is not convincing and does not have a proper meaning. However, it is necessary to keep in mind that there are no set standards for evaluating the non-verbal communication and it all depends on police officer's skills, knowledge and competencies in the field of non-verbal communication. Moreover, there are several techniques of recognising the signs of a lie, but they can never be objective enough in order to claim that somebody is lying. Basically, we can use them as a tool in order to coordinate the search of the material evidence which is the most reliable way of prooving and searching the truth.

Začne se z zgodovino, definicijo in uporabo forenzične lingvistike v Sloveniji. Nadaljevala sem s področji forenzične lingvistike. Sledi predstavitev forenzičnih pragmatike, analize diskurza ter sociolingvistike. Dotaknila sem se tudi podtem forenzične sociolingvistike, in sicer socialnih dejavnikov, s katerimi analiziramo pogovor, razlik v jeziku ter vpliva spola in duševnih motenj na pisanje. Nadaljevala sem s predstavitvijo psiholingvistike in njene podteme – razvoja in analize jezika – ter z orisom forenzične stilistike. Sledi kratka predstavitev grafologije in identifikacije avtorja pisnih dokumentov ter definicija, kaj je poslovilno pismo in kako je sestavljeno. Delo sem nadaljevala s primeri. It begins with history, in areas of forensic linguistics, its definition and use in Slovenia. I continued with the areas of forensic linguistics. I followed with a presentation of forensic pragmatics, analysis of discourse and forensic sociolinguistics. I also explored the subtopics of forensic sociolinguistics, like social factors, which are used to analyze conversation, the differences in language and the influence of sex and mental disorders on writing. I continued with the presentation of psycholinguistics and its subtype “the development and analysis of language” and the outline of forensic stylistics. Then I did a brief presentation of graphology (author identification of written documents) and a definition of what a suicide note is and how it is compiled. I continued with several real life examples.

V današnjem času se vedno bolj soočamo s hitrim tempom življenja, ki pa v velikih primerih vpliva tudi na našo osebnost. Ljudje pozabljajo sami nase in poskušajo ugajati drugim, ob tem pa kreirajo novo samopodobo, ki temelji na drugih in ne na njih samih. Z leti se je zaradi mnogih vzrokov razvilo veliko motenj osebnosti, ki pa še vedno niso natančno pravno opredeljeni. Med njimi je tudi mejna osebnostna motnja, ki vpliva na človekovo samopodobo in čustvenost. Pravni vidik obravnavanja ljudi z mejno osebnostno je zelo pomemben, saj le tako lahko poskrbimo za ustrezno zdravljenje in v hujših primerih za pridržanje oseb v psihiatričnih bolnišnicah brez privolitve. V primeru pridržanja pacienta v bolnišnici osebje velikokrat naleti na problem, ker bolnik ne privoli v hospitalizacijo zaradi čustvene nestabilnosti in nekritičnosti do svojega bolezenskega stanja. Zato so pri odločanju kako postopati v takih primerih ključnega pomena pravno in zakonsko urejeni procesi. V Sloveniji in tudi drugod po svetu so mnenja strokovnjakov na medicinskem in pravnem področju včasih deljena. Pomembno za pacienta pa je, da se različne stroke med seboj povežejo in poskusijo nuditi ustrezno obravnavo in oskrbo takim ljudem, ter jim kljub bolezni s tem zagotoviti ustrezno kvaliteto življenja. Zato sem v svoji diplomski nalogi zajela obe področji, ter s primeri, opisi bolezenskih stanj in s predpisanimi postopki skušala prikazati kako zelo sta povezani. Today, we are increasingly confronted with a rapid pace of life, which in many cases also affects our personality. People forget to think of themselves and try to please others, and hence they create a new self-image based on other people’s expectations, not on their own. Over the years, various personality disorders have developed for various reasons, but they are still not precisely legally defined. Among them is also a borderline personality disorder that affects person’s self-esteem and his/her emotions. As a result, difficulties arise in interpersonal relationships, which leads to a number of personal and family crises and furthermore aggravates the individual's mental state. The legal aspect of dealing with people with borderline personality disorder is very important, since this is the only way which enables us to choose appropriate treatment for the handicapped individual and in more serious cases for detaining such people in psychiatric hospitals. In cases of such patients being detained in hospital, staff often encounter a problem of the patient not consenting to being hospitalized due to his/her emotional instability and not being able to critically accept their condition. Therefore, when deciding how to proceed in such cases, legal and statutory processes are of key importance. In Slovenia and elsewhere in the world, expert opinions in the medical and legal fields are sometimes diverse. It is important for the patient that different professions cooperate and try to offer appropriate treatment and care to such people, and that an adequate quality of life is ensured to them in spite of their condition. Therefore, in my graduation thesis I covered both areas and, with examples, descriptions of conditions and prescribed procedures, I tried to show how closely they are related.

V diplomskem delu obravnavam teoretični in empirični del naloge z opravljenimi informativnimi intervjuji. Teorija temelji na opredelitvi pojmov mladostništva, mladostniškega prestopništva, zakonodaji, vzgojnih ukrepih in kazni za mladoletne kršitelje. Osrednji del se nanaša na vodenje pogovora z mladostniki in je v povezavi z empiričnim delom, kjer lahko na podlagi intervjujev s strokovnjaki s področja dela z mladostniki nalogo strokovno in argumentirano zaključim. Odgovori strokovnjakov in njihove delovne izkušnje so pripomogli k razumevanju teorije. Ugotavljam, da je pri pisanju zaključnega dela najpomembnejši raziskovalni del, kjer predstavim vse elemente pogovora s poudarkom na metodah individualno zastavljenega pogovora. V uvodu opredelim temeljne pojme, namen in cilj diplomskega dela. Oblikujem domnevi, ki jih skozi zaključno nalogo razvijam, ter razpravljam, kako razvojne značilnosti vplivajo na pogovor, in kako pogovor prilagoditi mladostnikovim potrebam oziroma ga dodatno izboljšati. Namen diplomske naloge je preučiti vplive osebnostnih značilnosti na komunikacijo. Kako komunikacijo, ki je ključna v preiskavah, izboljšati, pa naj bo govorna, pisna ali zgolj telesna. Nazorno predstavim pojav mladostniškega prestopništva in del psihologije, ki obravnava čustva, vedenje in osebnost, ki so bistvena za razumevanje pri delu z mladostniki. Največ pozornosti namenjam pravilnemu pristopu in vodenju pogovora z mladostnikom. V zaključku podam predloge za izboljšave v pogovoru z mladostnikom. Abstract In the thesis, I discuss the theoretical and empirical part of the assignment with the help of informative interviews. The theory is based on the definition of terms of adolescence, juvenile delinquency, legislation, educational measures and penalties for juvenile offenders. The central part refers to conducting a conversation with adolescents and is in conjunction with the empirical work, where on the basis of interviews with experts from the field of work with adolescents the thesis can be professionally concluded and substantiated. The answers of the experts and their work experience have helped me understand the theory. I find that in writing the thesis the most important is the research part, where I present all the elements of the conversation and emphasise the methods of individually set conversation. In the introduction I define the basic concepts, the purpose and the goal of the thesis. I define the assumptions that I then develop throughout the paper, and discuss how the developmental characteristics influence the conversation and how to adapt the conversation to the needs of the youth, or further improve it. The purpose of the thesis is to study the effects of personality characteristics on communication. How to improve the communication which is crucial in the investigations, should it be spoken, written or purely physical. I aptly present the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency and the part of psychology that deals with emotions, behaviour and personality which are essential for understanding when working with adolescents. I pay the most attention to the correct approach and conduction of a conversation with an adolescent. In conclusion, I suggest suggestions for improvements in conversation with an adolescent.

Pri današnjem načinu ter tempu življenja smo ljudje še bolj izpostavljeni stresu. Danes že v osnovni šoli vsakodnevno pričakujejo od otrok vedno več. V službi od nas vedno znova pričakujejo, da bomo na vseh področjih uspešni brez padcev in učenja novih stvari. Nekaterim je lahko zelo stresna že preprosta stvar, kot je na primer pot do službe ali nazaj zaradi vse gneče, ki nastane ob jutranji oziroma popoldanski konici. Spet drugim niti pomembnejše stvari ali odločitve ne pridejo »do živega«. Vsak posameznik pa se s stresom sooči na svoj način. Naj si bo to strokovna pomoč, pogovor s prijatelji, ukvarjanje z raznimi hobiji, joga, dihalne vaje in drugo. V diplomski nalogi smo pod drobnogled vzeli prostovoljne gasilce in gasilke ter to, kako oni doživljajo stres ob opravljanju dela prostovoljnih gasilcev. Kljub majhnemu številu prebivalcev v Sloveniji imamo kar dobrih 160.000 prostovoljnih gasilcev. Premalokrat se zavemo, kakšnim stresnim situacijam se izpostavljajo prostovoljni gasilci. Če doživljajo stres že v svojem zasebnem življenju, kako močno šele lahko krizne situacije, s katerimi se prostovoljno in brez plačila izpostavljajo pri opravljanju dela prostovoljnega gasilstva, vplivajo nanje. Vendar je kljub vsemu njihova prva misel, da nudijo pomoč ljudem, ki so je potrebni. According to the modern way of life and its pace, people are even more exposed to stress then they were in the past. The expectations are huge even from children in elementary school. Our supervisors at work expect that we will be succesfull without mistakes and further education. To some people can be very stressful even the basic things, for example their daily trips to work and back to their homes, because of the morning or afternoon traffic jams. And there are some people that take with left hand even the most important things in life. Each individual has its own way in dealing with stress. That can be professional help, conversations with friends, having various hobbies, yoga, breathing exercises and so on. In our diploma we have been examining volunteer firefighters and their experiences with stress at the time of their volunteering as firefighters. There is more than 160.000 voluntary firefighters in Slovenia, despite of the low population. There is not enough public awareness of some stress situations that voluntary firefighters are exposed to. They experience stress even in their private lives, so how much more stressful can be all of the crisis situations they are exposed to totally voluntary. Nevertheless, their first thought is to offer help to those, who need it the most.

V diplomskem delu predstavljamo soočanje in doživljanje migracijskih tokov z vidika policistov in predstavnikov nevladnih organizacij v času največje migrantske krize v letu 2015. Opravili smo intervjuje s policisti, ki so bili neposredno udeleženi s tovrstno krizo, s člani nevladnih organizacij in drugimi ter jih primerjali med seboj. Na tako zbranih podatkih smo preverjali vpliv migracijskih tokov na mnenje in odnos udeleženih do v migrantski krizi udeleženih migrantih in beguncih. V nadaljevanju primerjamo doživljanje migrantske krize na formalno in neformalno delovanje, sodelovanje med aktivnimi udeleženci migrantske krize, doživljanje posameznega udeleženca pri obravnavi migrantov in beguncev ter osebno razmišljanje. The author of the following undergraduate dissertation represents confrontation and perception of migration flows from the point of view of police officers and representatives of non-governmental organizations during the peak migratory crisis in 2015. We conducted interviews with police officers who were directly involved in migratory crisis, with members of non-governmental organizations and with others involved and compared them to each other. Based on the collected data, we examined the impact of migration flows on personal opinions and attitudes of those involved in the migrant crisis towards migrants and refugees. Furthermore, the author of the following undergraduate dissertation compares different experiences of migrant crisis based on formal and informal activity, cooperation between active participants of migratory crisis, and personal reflection and experience of each participant about working with refugees and migrants.

Diplomska naloga zajema (psihološko) analizo umorov v letu 2015. Tipologija umorov je različna. Poudarek dajemo umoru, ki se je zgodil v družinskem krogu. V sklopu tega omenjamo intimnopartnerski umor. Na omenjeni tip umora smo se osredotočili predvsem zaradi opažanja, da se v Sloveniji pojavlja največ oblik takega umora. V teoretičnem delu smo opredelili krvne delikte, nasilno kaznivo dejanje, nasilje v družini. Nadalje smo definirali umor in uboj ter naklep kot razliko med umorom in ubojem. Razpravljali smo tudi o negativnih čustvih in duševnem stanju posameznika, ki je storil kaznivo dejanje umora ali uboja. Opredelili smo motive in vzroke omenjenih kaznivih dejanj. Pri vzrokih smo se osredotočili predvsem na socialno–ekonomsko krizo, ki bi lahko vplivala na večjo storilnost umorov in ubojev. Izpostavili smo psihološko moč medijev pri poročanju o tovrstnih kaznivih dejanjih. V analizi smo podali nekaj primerov umora oz. uboja, ki so se zgodili v letu 2015. Analizirali smo čas, kraj, žrtev, storilca, vzroke, motive ter sprožilni dogodek posameznega kaznivega dejanja. The following undergraduate dissertation gathers (psychological) analysis of homicides in 2015. The typology of homicide is diverse. Emphasis is placed on the murder which took place in the family circle. We focused on intimate partner murder due to the fact that in Slovenia such type of a homicide is most common. In the theoretical part we identified violent crime and domestic violence. Furthermore, we defined a murder, manslaughter and intent as the difference between a murder and manslaughter. We discussed about negative emotions and mental state of the offender of a murder or manslaughter. We also defined motives and causes of those criminal acts. We examined intentions in the light of the socio-economic crisis which could have an impact on increasing number of murders and manslaughters and highlighted the psychological power of the media in reporting such crimes. In the analysis we examined time, place, victim, offender, causes, motives and trigger events of some murders and manslaughters which happened in 2015.

V diplomskem delu z naslovom Stališča lokalnega prebivalstva do pribežnikov iz bližnjega vzhoda izpostavljamo problem begunske krize, priseljevanja beguncev in migrantov v našo državo, v povezavi s tem raziskujemo stališča državljanov. V teoretičnem delu obravnavamo tematike s področja begunstva oziroma migracij. Pojasnjena je razlika med izrazoma begunec in migrant, predstavljene so kulturne in jezikovne značilnosti Sirije ter vzroki preseljevanja ljudi s tega območja. Posebna pozornost je namenjena mednarodni zaščiti, njeni opredelitvi in postopku njene pridobitve ter ostali zakonski ureditvi naše države v povezavi z begunsko problematiko. Opredelimo pravice in dolžnosti beguncev v naši državi s poudarkom na integraciji priseljencev ter dejavnost, ki v sklopu nje potekajo. Predstavimo opredelitev in značilnosti stališč, njihovo oblikovanje in spreminjanje. V empiričnem delu s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika preverjamo stališče do aktualnih tem, ki se tičejo begunske krize in so v neposredni povezavi z našo državo. S postavljenimi hipotezami preverjamo mnenje o priseljevanju, njenih posledicah za našo državo, o možnosti popolne integracije beguncev ter statistično preverjamo pomembnost razlik odgovorov med spoloma. Na koncu rezultate kvalitativno obdelamo in analiziramo na beseden način ter potrdimo oziroma zavržemo zastavljene hipoteze. V zaključnih sklepih izpostavimo ključna spoznanja diplomskega dela. In the diploma thesis titled Attitudes of local population towards the refugees from the Middle East, we point out the problem of refugee crisis, and immigration of the refugees and migrants to our country. In connection with that we research the attitudes of the citizens. In the theoretical part we deal with the issues from the field of refugees and migrations. The difference between the expressions refugee and migrant is explained. Cultural and linguistic characteristics of Syria as well as the causes of migration of the people from this area are presented. Special attention is paid to international protection, its definition and the procedure of acquiring it, as well as the other legal regulation of our country in connection with the refugee issues. We define the rights and obligations of refugees in our country with the emphasis on integration of the immigrants, as well as the activities which take place in this context. We present the definition and characteristics of the attitudes, their formation and changing. By means of the survey questionnaire, in the empirical part, we test the attitude towards current topics that concern the refugee crisis and are directly connected to our country. By means of simplified hypotheses, we test the opinion on immigration, its consequences for our country, opinion on possibilities of total integration of refugees. We statistically verify the importance of the differences of the answers among the two genders. At the end, we qualitatively process and analyze the results verbally and confirm or reject the set hypotheses. In the final conclusions we point out the key ascertainments of the diploma thesis.

Človekova osebnost kot potencial za storitev kaznivega dejanja je zelo obširna tema, saj se moramo zavedati, da je spoznavanje osebnosti ena najzahtevnejših in najtežjih nalog celotne psihološke znanosti. Zavedati se moramo, da smo ljudje individuumi in se med sabo razlikujemo po sami osebnosti, osebnostnih lastnostih, po okolju v katerem živimo in s katerim smo v interakciji, po bioloških preddispozicijah in še bi lahko naštevali. Osebnost je torej kompleksno organizirana celota, ki jo sestavljajo značaj, temperament, sposobnosti in konstitucija. Za razumevanje osebnosti je torej pomembno poznavanje teorij osebnosti, ki nam vsaka iz svojega zornega kota poizkuša razložiti dinamiko in delovanje človeškega uma. Prav tako je razlaga vzrokov kriminalitete že od nekdaj aktualna tema mnogih raziskav in študij. Raziskovanje vzročnosti kriminalitete je skozi zgodovino privedlo do velikega števila kriminoloških teorij, katere so vzroke kriminalitete razlagale s pomočjo socioloških, bioloških in psiholoških znanosti. Kriminološke teorije, ki so nastale so zelo pomembne pri razumevanju človekovega protipravnega ravnanja in pojasnjevanju, zakaj se nekdo vede v nasprotju z družbenimi normami. Pomembno vlogo pri nastanku kriminalnega vedenja imajo tudi motnje osebnosti. Motnje osebnosti se kažejo skozi doživljanje in vedenje, ki občutno odstopa od pričakovanj posameznikove kulture. Kažejo se lahko na področjih mišljenja, čustvovanja, odnosov z drugimi ljudmi in obvladovanju impulzivnosti. Motnje osebnosti delimo na motnje podobne psihozam, motnje podobne nervozam, motnje iz zavrtosti osnovnih potreb ter motnje sociopatskega kroga. Veliko povezavo s kriminaliteto imajo tudi spolne deviacije, razpoloženjske motnje, zloraba alkohola in drog ter disocialno vedenje. V zaključku naloge je predstavljen primer Josefa Fritzla, kateremu so diagnosticirali kombinirano motnjo osebnosti z narcističnim, nezrelim čustvovanjem in spolno deviacijo. Man's personality as a potential for criminal acts is a very wide topic and, as we know, the learning about personality is one of the most challenging and the most difficult tasks for the whole psychological science. We must understand that we, people, are individuals, differing from each other by our characters, character traits, by the environment we live in and interact with, by biological predispositions, any many other things. Personality is, therefore, a complex organized entity, consisting of the character, temperament, capabilities and constitution. In order to understand personality, it is also important to know the personality theories which, each from its own perspective, tries to explain the dynamics and functioning of the human brain. It also explains the causes of crime, which has always been a topical subject of research and studies. The research of the causes of crime through history has resulted in a large number of criminology theories that explain the causes of crime through sociologic, biologic and psychological sciences. Criminology theories that have been established, are very important for understanding the unlawful conduct of man as well as for explaining why somebody behaves contrary to the social norms. An important role in the generation of the criminal behaviour is attributed also to personality disorders. A personality disorder is manifested through experience and behaviour that significantly deviate from expectations of the individual's culture. It can be manifested in the area of thinking, feelings, relations with other people and the control of impulsivity. Personality disorders can be categorized as disorders similar to psychoses, disorders similar to anxiety, disorders due to the suppression of the basic needs and disorders of sociopathic type. Sexual deviations, mood disorders, alcohol and drug abuse and dissocial behaviour are highly related with crime. In conclusion, we have presented a case of Josef Fritzl, who was diagnosed with personality disorder with narcissistic, immature emotions combined with sexual deviation.

Osebe z duševnimi motnjami imajo pravico do zdravljenja in zdravstvenega varstva tako kot vse druge bolne osebe. Pogosto zaradi svojega zdravstvenega stanja niso sposobne presojati o tem, kaj je v njihovem interesu in s svojim ravnanjem ogrožajo svoje življenje in zdravje. Zaradi tega je pogosto potrebna intervencija prisilne hospitalizacije. Pri izvedbi postopka je pomembno usklajeno sodelovanje med reševalci in policisti ter da vsi sodelujoči poznajo svojo vlogo in pooblastila, ki jih imajo. Raziskava temelji na kvantitativni metodologiji dela. Podatke smo zbrali s pomočjo pregleda aktualne literature in anonimnega anketnega vprašalnika. Pridobljene primarne podatke smo analizirali s pomočjo računalniškega programa Excel in SPSS. Ugotovili smo, da se reševalci pogosteje srečujejo s primeri prisilne hospitalizacije kot policisti. Policisti se veliko bolj zavedajo svojih odgovornosti v primeru prisilne hospitalizacije kot reševalci in prav tako ugotavljamo, da so reševalci najpogosteje tisti, ki prekoračijo svoja pooblastila. Oboji pa se pri svojem delu opirajo na zakon o duševnem zdravju in ga pri tem tudi upoštevajo gleda na znanje, ki ga imajo. Glede na rezultate ankete obe poklicni skupini med samo dobro sodelujeta. Prišli smo do zaključka, da se premalo pozornosti posveča izobraževanju s področja duševnega zdravja in s tem povezanimi prisilnimi hospitalizacijami. Na nacionalni ravni bi stroka morala v programe formalnih in neformalnih izobraževanj vključiti vsebine iz obvladovanja in preprečevanja nasilnega vedenja s strani pacientov ter uskladiti sodelovanje med obema poklicnima skupinama. Persons with mental disorders have the right to medical treatment and health care as any other sick person. Often due to their health condition are not able to make judgments about what is in their interest and with their behavior threaten their lives and health. For this reason, it is necessary to provide intervention of involuntary hospitalization. In this process it is important a good collaboration between the paramedics and police officers, and that all of this participants know their role and the powers that they have. The research is based on quantitative methodology of work. The data have been collected by systematic review of current literature and with an anonymous questionnaire. Data collected with questionnaire have been analyzed by a computer program Excel and SPSS. We found out that paramedics have been often confronted with cases of involuntary hospitalization than police officers. Police officers are much more aware of their responsibilities in the case of involuntary hospitalization as paramedics and we found out that the paramedics are most often those who exceeded their powers. Also both of them consider the Law on Mental Health at their work. According to the survey results, both professional groups had been in good collaboration during their work. We can conclude that not enough attention have been paid to education in the field of mental health and related involuntary hospitalization. At the national level, the profession should include content from the control and prevention of violent behavior of patients in programs of formal and non-formal education.

Ker se večina raziskav in literature osredotoča zgolj na moško ali splošno kriminaliteto ter vzroke zanjo, sem se v diplomski nalogi osredotočila predvsem na sociološke dejavnike, ki vplivajo na žensko kriminaliteto. Posebno pozornost sem namenila doseženi izobrazbi, revščini, socialnemu krogu, izpostavljenosti nasilju ter povratništvu. Raziskava je opravljena z intervjuji z zapornicami na ZPKZ Ig, ki so bili zastavljeni na podlagi nekaterih socioloških in psiholoških teorij. Tako sem ugotovila, da se dejavniki za izvršitev kriminalnega dejanja prepletajo, kljub vsemu pa v večji meri prevladujejo sociološki dejavniki. Med najpogostejšimi vzroki za kriminalno dejanje sta tako slabo finančno stanje oziroma revščina ter socialni krog. Ostali dejavniki so ravno tako prisotni, vendar v manjši meri, čeprav povratništva nisem imela priložnosti raziskati. Since the majority of research and literature is focused only on male and general crime and its causes, I decided to focus particularly on the sociological factors which impact female crime. I paid special attention to education level, poverty, social circle, exposure to violence and habitual criminality. Research has been done by means of interviews with female prisoners at ZPKZ Ig the interviews were based on some sociological and psychological theories. Results reveal that factors which influence criminality usually interweave, but also that sociological factors prevail in most cases. The most frequent causes for criminality turned out to be bad financial situation, in other words poverty, and social sircle. Other factors are usually also present, but to a somewhat lesser extent, although I did not get an opportunity to research habitual criminality.

Vsak človek se vsakodnevno sooča z različnimi vrstami stresorjev, ki na človeka delujejo stresno. Pripadniki različnih vojska po svetu kot tudi naši vojaki pa so zaradi narave njihovega dela stresu še bolj izpostavljeni. To še bolj velja za pripadnike, ki odhajajo na mednarodne misije, saj je tam narava dela bistveno drugačna, kot je doma. Že same priprave na misijo, misija in kasneje vrnitev nazaj domov so se izkazale za zelo stresne. Pripadniki se morajo iz svojega domačega okolja, domačih navad na misijah po svetu, kjer delujejo, soočati še s kulturnimi razlikami, drugačnim načinom dela, oddaljitvijo od ljudi, ki jim pomenijo največ. Deležni so tudi groženj, ki jih narekuje nepoznano okolje misije. Z raziskavo smo ugotovili, da na stres na misiji zelo vplivajo medsebojni odnosi, torej odnosi med podrejenimi in nadrejenimi. Največji stresor celotnega cikla misije pa je vrnitev v domače okolje in vključitev pripadnikov v domači način življenja. S temi ugotovitvami opozarjamo na potrebne spremembe na teh področjih,ki sta bili v intervjujih izpostavljeni kot najbolj stresna dejavnika celotnega procesa misije. Torej bolj strokovno vodenje med samo misijo v smislu razumevanja pripadnikovih individualnih potreb ter večja psihološka pozornost na pripadnike tudi po končanih mednarodnih operacijah. Every man faces daily different types of stressors, which cause stress. Due to the natur of their work are members of armed forces around the world, including our own, subjected to them to even greater amount. Exposure to stressful factors is especialy great when leaving for international missions, since the nature of work out there fundamentally differs from work back home. Preparations for the mission, mission itself and return back home have proven to be extremely stessful. When on international mission, soldiers leave their homes and everything they know, just to find themselves in unknown environment. There they must not only learn how to cope with cultural differences, different modes of operation and feelings of separations from people they care the most for, but are also subjected to threats. Our research has shown, that stress on the mission is greatly influenced by interpersonal realtions as well as by relations between subordinates and superiors. As the biggest stressor the research has outlined return back home and re-intergration into society. Our findings, based on and exposed in interviews, make us belive there is room for some necessary changes. We believe greater attention should be placed on management of the mission, including taking indiviual needs of members of armed forces into account, which should extend beyond the mission itself. Even after the international mission has ended and upon arrival home members of armed forces should get psychological attention and support.

Pri policijskem delu se pogosto srečujemo z obravnavo kršitev povezanih s prekomernim uživanjem alkohola. V preteklosti je bila večina teh primerov povezanih s kršitvami cestno-prometnih predpisov in prekrškov povezanih s takimi in drugačnimi kršitvami javnega reda in miru. V nadaljevanju, s spremembo Zakona o prekrških, prekrškovni inšpektorji obravnavajo kršitve, ki so jih policisti na terenu zaznali, zanje pa niso bili predpisani ukrepi izdaje plačilnega naloga temveč prekrškovne odločbe v hitrem postopku. V teh primerih prekrškovni inšpektorji veliko energije vlagajo v dokazovanje posameznih navedb policistov, ki so ob obravnavi kršitve, na kraju in ob času prekrška jasne, pri pisanju odločbe in zagotavljanju dokazov oziroma pri odločanju pa izjemno skope. Tudi na področju orožnega prava v policiji smo večkrat pojasnjevali elemente kršitev Zakona o orožju, ki se nanašajo na nošenje in prenos orožja ali njegovo posest in zanesljivost posameznika pri tem. Zlasti je bilo to povezano z zanesljivostjo zaradi vpliva alkohola pri kršitelju, ki je v času nošenja ali prenosa orožja bil pod vplivom alkohola. Dileme so izpostavljali tako prekrškovni inšpektorji na policijskih upravah, kot lovske in strelske organizacije. S sodelovanjem z Ministrstvom za notranje zadeve, Direktoratom za upravne notranje zadeve, migracije in naturalizacijo smo večkrat pojasnjevali dileme policistov in tako olajšali obravnavo kršitev, pripomogli pa tudi k enaki razlagi in razumevanju Zakona o orožju. Nenazadnje pa smo interesnim skupinam (Lovska zveza, Strelska zveza in drugi) in posameznikom zagotovili zakonito in korektno obravnavo. Menimo, da je pojem zanesljivosti v povezavi z uživanjem alkohola v preteklosti povzročal neželene in nepotrebne dileme ter napake v postopkih. Strinjamo pa se, da nezanesljiv posameznik ob posedovanju orožja, predstavlja veliko nevarnost sebi in družbi. Enako pa ne moremo spregledati, da neupravičeno sankcioniran posameznik tudi ni zadovoljen z obravnavo in ukrepi celotnega sistema, ki skrbi za varnost in zakonitost. In the police practice we are often faced with violations related to excessive alcohol consumption. In the past, the majority of these cases were related to violations of traffic regulations and different public order violations. When the legislation changed the inspectors on police stations dealt with misdemeanours that police officers detected, but they had no competence to deal with – impose fines on. In these cases, police inspectors on police stations have to spend a lot of energy in proving the individual statements of police officers who were at the spot where offenses occurred. At the time of the offence, on the spot itself, the evidence was clear. On the other hand, when police inspector had to take the decision of responsibility the evidence was extremely limited. Even in the field of armaments law we have always explained the elements of violation of the Arms Act relating to carrying and transferring weapons or the possession of arms and the reliability of individuals in this regard. In particular, it was associated with the impact of alcohol on the reliability of the offender, who at the time of wearing or transferring the weapons was under its influence. These dilemmas were exposed by both inspectors in police station or police administrations as in hunting and shooting organizations. By working with the Ministry of Interior, Directorate for Administrative Affairs, Migration and Naturalization we have repeatedly explained the dilemma of police officers and in this way facilitated the treatment of violations, as well as contributed to the identical interpretation and understanding of the Arms Act. Finally, we also ensured lawful and correct treatment to the parties involved (Hunting Association, Shooting Association and others) and individuals which possess firearms. We believe that the term reliability associated with the consumption of alcohol has caused unwanted and unnecessary dilemmas and errors in procedures in the past. We highlight, however, that an unreliable individual, possessing arms, represents a great risk for themselves and society. Equally, we cannot overlook the fact that an unduly sanctioned individual cannot be satisfied with the treatment and measures of the entire system, which is responsible for the safety and legality.

Nasilje, ki ga človeštvo pozna skozi stoletja, v različnih družbenih skupnostih ni enako opredeljeno. Nekatera ravnanja so ponekod, ne le dopustna, temveč sama po sebi umevna. Določena ravnanja so bila v posameznih skupnostih nezaželena, zaradi česar so se oblikovale družbene norme, ki so podlaga današnji zakonodaji. Posebno področje prepovedanih ravnanj predstavlja nasilje v družini. Družina/dom bi morala predstavljati varno okolje, vendar je velikokrat ravno nasprotno. Zato smo se v diplomskem delu osredotočili ravno na področje nasilja v družini v Republiki Slovenji. Nemalokrat še vedno slišimo, da se »nihče nima pravice vmešavati v družinske zadeve«, čeprav se v Sloveniji, v zadnjih letih pogosteje govori in piše o tej vrsti nasilja. V nalogi smo predstavili, kako nasilje doživljajo žrtve in kaj pričakujejo od policije predvsem v trenutku, ko zberejo pogum in povedo, kaj se jim dogaja. Postavili smo hipotezo, da zakonodaja Republiki Sloveniji omogoča učinkovito zaščito žrtev nasilja v družini in uspešno sankcioniranje storilcev prekrškov ali kaznivih dejanj. Predstavili smo tudi sistem izobraževanja in usposabljanja policistov. Policisti so namreč pogosto prvi na kraju dogodka, zato je ključnega pomena, da prepoznajo znake nasilja in znajo učinkovito ukrepati in zaščititi žrtev. V zadnjem delu smo primerjali slovensko zakonodajo, ki ureja to področje, z zakonodajo Avstrije in Nemčije. Violence, a centuries-old social behaviour, is not equally defined across countries and cultures. It comes in different guises whilst in some societies violent behaviour is tolerated and socially acceptable, not all cultural and social norms are equally supportive. Expectations of behaviour – norms – that condone or challenge violence have helped design social interventions, i.e. laws and policies that seek to reduce and prevent violent behaviour. Domestic violence, often silently tolerated by society and by the victims themselves, is overwhelmingly a social phenomenon across the world whilst family / home should be a safe place, this is often not the case. Against such background this study focuses on domestic violence in Slovenia. Historically, violence in the home was considered a “private matter”. Over the past years, however, public campaigns on domestic violence along with mass media have arguably had some effect in turning it into a public debate and a serious policy concern. In this light, this study explores the experiences of victims of violence and abuse, narrowing focus on their expectations towards the police in their dealing with incidences of domestic violence. Furthermore, we reviewed the Slovenian legal framework, in order to explore whether or not it facilitated effective police approach to domestic violence and abuse, victim protection and management, as well as the prosecution of abusers/ offenders, and compared it with that of Austria and Germany. We also reviewed the police professional learning and development programme. Namely, frontline officers are often the first point of contact it is therefore critical to ensure that they are adequately supported and equipped to deliver a high quality service, take decisive actions and effectively and adequately manage each individual case.

Glavni namen diplomske naloge je ugotoviti vzrok za policijsko postopkovno praznino uradnega beleženja kakršnih koli izjav osumljenca v zvezi kaznivega dejanja, katerega storitve je osumljen, vse od trenutka odvzema prostosti in tako prvega stika s policisti, ki so ga seznanili s pravicami iz 4. člena ZKP do kasnejšega policijskega zaslišanja ali pridobitve izjave osumljenca. Prav tako bomo skušali ugotoviti vzrok in prikazati pravno praznino glede določitve časa, ki lahko preteče od trenutka, ko določena oseba dobi status osumljenca in njenim prijetjem, če pristojni državni tožilec ni dovolil začasne odložitve odvzema prostosti osumljenca. Zadnje poglavje diplomskega dela smo namenili razpravi in nanizali nekaj predlogov, s katerimi bi lahko zapolnili to, po našem mnenju, sivo polje zbiranja, uradnega beleženja in uporabe tako imenovanih spontanih izjav osumljenca dobljenih v policijskem predkazenskem postopku. Z implementacijo teh predlogov oziroma sprememb bi policija temeljiteje izpolnila z zakonom določeno poslanstvo iz prvega odstavka, 148. člena ZKP. Prepričan sem, da bi s tem državni tožilci v sodnih postopkih lažje in bolje utemeljevali sume storitve kaznivih dejanj. The main purpose of the Diploma Thesis is to determine the cause for the police procedural vacuum in official recording of the any statements, made by the suspect in connection to the criminal offense which he is accused of committing, from the moment of detention and thus the first contact with the police officers who have informed the suspect of his rights as stated in the Article 4 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, to the subsequent police questioning or namely acquiring the statement from the suspect. Furthermore, we aim to determine the cause and introduce the legal vacuum in regard to establishing the time limit which can pass from the moment when a particular person can obtain the status of the suspect until this person is arrested, if the public prosecutor with appointed jurisdiction does not allow the temporary suspension of detention of the suspect. The last section of the Diploma Thesis is focused on the discussion and the enumeration of a few proposals which could assist in filling this, in our opinion, blurred field in the collection, official recording and the use of so-called spontaneous statements obtained from a suspect in the police pre-trial proceedings. By implementing these proposals or changes, the police would be able to more thoroughly fulfil the law-appointed mission of the first paragraph of Article 148 of the Criminal Procedure Act. It is my belief that in this way the state prosecutors would in court proceedings substantiate suspicions of criminal offenses in an easier and better manner.

Mobing je oblika čustvene zlorabe in psihičnega nasilja na delovnem mestu. Pri takšnem vedenju gre za namenska in zlonamerna dejanja, ki se pojavljajo daljše časovno obdobje, v pogostih intervalih. Ne glede na to, ali ga izvaja posameznik, skupina, nadrejeni ali podrejeni, pomeni mobing šikaniranje tarče, s ciljem razvrednotiti, diskreditirati, izločiti, ponižati in izolirati. Številne raziskave, opravljene na to temo razkrivajo, da obstajajo velikanske socialne in ekonomske izgube zaradi fluktuacije, absentizma in zmanjšane produktivnosti. V diplomski nalogi smo ugotavljali prisotnost čustvenega in psihičnega nasilja na delovnem mestu v Sloveniji, poskušali opredelili najpogostejše storilce in žrtve mobinga ter ugotavljali razlike med izpostavljenostjo mobingu glede na spol. Raziskava, ki je bila opravljena med 100 zaposlenimi, je pokazala, da je vse več zaposlenih Slovencev žrtev mobinga. Žrtve, ki so pogosto najbolj ustvarjalni člani organizacije, se soočajo s čustvenimi in finančnimi izgubami. Razumevanje in zavedanje problema mobinga in njegovih posledic je bistven korak k ustvarjanju pozitivnega delovnega vzdušja in minimiziranju tveganja za zdravje in varnost pri delu. Cilj vsake organizacije bi moral biti ustvariti delovno okolje, kjer mobing ni toleriran in zagotoviti obrambne mehanizme za hitro prepoznavo in preprečevanje mobinga. Prepogosto se namreč dogaja, da mobing prej prepoznajo sodelavci, kot pa vodstvo ali žrtve. Mobbing is a form of emotional abuse and psychological violence in the workplace. Such behavior is about purposeful and malicious actions that occur over a longer period of time, in frequent intervals. Irrespective of whether mobbing is executed by an individual, a group, an employer or an employee, it means finding targets, with the aim to devaluate, discredit, humiliate and isolate. Numerous studies on this topic reveal that there is a great social and economic loss due to employee turnover, absenteeism and reduced productivity. In this thesis, we observed the presence of emotional and psychological violence in the workplace in Slovenia, tried to identify the most frequent perpetrators and victims of mobbing and observed the differences in exposure to mobbing based on gender. The survey, which was conducted among 100 employees, showed that more and more employees are victims of mobbing. The victims, who are often the most creative members of the organization, are faced with emotional and financial loss. Understanding and awareness of the problem of mobbing and its consequences is an essential step towards creating a positive working atmosphere and minimizing risks for health and safety at work. The goal of every organization should be creating a working environment where mobbing is not tolerated and provide a defense mechanism for quick identification and prevention of mobbing. It namely happens too often that mobbing is sooner identified by staff than by the employer or the victim.

Diplomska naloga obravnava obliko kaznivega dejanja ugrabitve, ki ga uvrščamo med najhujše oblike kaznivih dejanj zoper človekove pravice in svoboščine. Gre za eno izmed najhujših ogrozitvenih kaznivih dejanj, največkrat uperjeno zoper posameznika ali skupino, storjeno z organizirano obliko kriminalitete. V prvem delu je predstavljenih nekaj oblik kaznivih dejanj ugrabitev, ki so se v zadnjih letih zgodile na območju Republike Slovenije. V nadaljevanju je opisana razlika med določenimi podobnimi kaznivimi dejanji, njihov pomen in okoliščine, ki so potrebne za obstoj elementov kaznivega dejanja ugrabitve v Republiki Sloveniji. Prikazana so pooblastila policije, ki so potrebna za samo zaznavo, preiskavo, odkritje in prijetje storilcev te vrste kaznivega dejanja, kjer je policiji z uporabo različnih metod in taktik osnovno ter temeljno vodilo predvsem rešiti žrtev kaznivega dejanja iz rok in nadzora ugrabitelja. V osrednjem delu je prikazana analiza ter primerjava primera storitve kaznivega dejanja ugrabitve, ki je bilo storjeno v mednarodnem okolju z udeleženimi organi pregona več evropskih držav, in primer nadaljevanega kaznivega dejanja ugrabitve, ki se je v letu 2012 zgodilo na območju Avstrije in se nadaljevalo v Republiki Sloveniji. Predstavljena pa je tudi primerjava obravnave ob storitvi istovrstnega kaznivega dejanja v Veliki Britaniji. V zadnjem delu diplomskega dela je predstavljenih več dejavnikov, ki so prednostnega pomena pri obravnavi organov pregona, saj te oblike storitve najhujših kaznivih dejanj z gotovostjo lahko uvrščamo v zelo kompleksno in dolgotrajno krizno situacijo, kjer razpleta ni moč predvideti. Diploma thesis deals with a type of the criminal offence of kidnapping which is classified as the worst kind of criminal offence against human rights and freedoms. It is one of those criminal offences committed by an organized form of crime that can greately endanger an individual or a group. In the first part there are a few types of criminal offences of kidnapping presented which were committed in the area of the Republic of Slovenia in recent years. Furthermore, the difference between certain similar criminal offences is described, their meaning and circumstances, which are required for the existence of the criminal offence of kidnapping in the Republic of Slovenia. Police powers are presented, which are necessary for the sole detection, investigation, discovery and arrest of perpetrators of the these criminal offences, whereby the police use a variety of methods and tactics as the basic and fundamental guidance to save the victim of the criminal offence from the hands and control of the kidnapper. In the central part, the analysis and comparison are presented on an example of the criminal offence of kidnapping, which was committed in an international environment with participation of law enforcement agencies from several European countries, and also on an example of a continuing criminal offence of kidnapping, which was in 2012 committed in the area of Austria and continued in the Republic of Slovenia. The comparison of dealing with the same kind of criminal offence committed in Great Britain is also presented. In the last part of the thesis, there are several factors presented, which are of primary importance when dealing with law enforcement authorities, since (committing) these types of criminal offences can with certainty be classified as a very complex and long-term crisis situation, where the outcome is not predictable.

Otroci imajo zelo dober spomin. Zelo dobro si zapomnijo stvari, ki se jim zgodijo. Ker so v primeru preiskovanja kaznivih dejanj, to zelo travmatični dogodki, si jih zapomnijo še bolj jasno. Vprašanja, ki jih postavljamo otrokom morajo biti zelo dobro premišljena. Zato smo potrebovali zelo veliko časa, da smo izbrali primerna vprašanja za naš eksperiment. Predvidevali smo, da si bodo otroci stvari zelo dobro zapomnili in da tudi po preteku enega dneva ne bodo pozabili veliko stvari. Izkazalo pa se je, da se, na splošno gledano, velik odstotek otrok ni spomnil odgovorov na določena vprašanja. Zelo pogosto so odgovarjali, da ne vedo, kljub temu, da so bili zelo motivirani za sodelovanje. Razgovor je najboljše začeti z odprtimi vprašanji. Na žalost pa z njimi navadno ne dobimo dovolj podrobnosti, še posebej pri mlajših otrocih. To lahko potrdimo z našim eksperimentom, v katerem so otroci na odprti vprašanji dajali zelo kratke odgovore. Čeprav se moramo v praksi izogibati sugestivnim vprašanjem, smo v eksperimentu načrtno postavili dve sugestivni vprašanji, ki sta otroke zelo zavedli. Na eno ni nihče odgovoril pravilno, na vprašanje, ki je bilo postavljeno zavajajoče, pa sta samo dva otroka od petnajstih odgovorila pravilno. Iz našega eksperimenta je razvidno, da starost ni dober pokazatelj kompetentnosti otrok. Otroci v eksperimentu so bili večinoma na pragu vstopa v osnovno šolo. Torej smo, glede na njihovo starost, pričakovali večje spominske zmožnosti. Dejstvo pa je, da se otroci zelo razlikujejo med seboj. Pri nekaterih potekajo spoznavni, kognitivni in govorni razvoj hitreje, kot pri drugih. Vsakega otroka moramo torej obravnavati kot indivuduum in prilagoditi intervju njegovim zmožnostim. Children recall different events in their lives very well. They have very good memory, especially for traumatic events. We have to be careful when choosing questions. That is why it was very challenging for us to form appropriate questions for our interview. We asumed that the children are going to remember very well what happened and that they will not forget a lot of thnigs in a period of one day. But as it turned out, a lot of children did not remember the answers to our questions. Their answers were frequently: »I do not know.« even though their motivation was high. It is best to start an interview with open-ended questions. Unfortunately this type of questions does not elict enough information. Especially when talking to younger children. We draw the same conclusions with children in our experiment. We chose two suggestive questions for our experiment despite the fact that it is advised to avoid this type of questions. We found out that children had a lot of trouble with this two questions. They all answered wrong to one question, and only two out of fifteen, gave correct answer to a leading question. We can conclude by saying that age is not the right indicator of competence. Children in our experiment were just on the verge of going to school and that is why we predicted they will recall more details. But the fact is that there are many differences in children's development. And that is why we must treat every child as an individual and adjust the interview according to their capability.

V diplomski nalogi preučujemo pojem forenzične psihologije, razvoj znanosti forenzične psihologije, njene smeri, metode, vlogo forenzičnega psihologa ter njeno podob, kot jo dojema laična javnost. Pojmovanje forenzične psihologije je podvrženo različnim definicijam, v glavnem jih uvrščamo med ožje in širše. V nalogi poskušamo predstaviti obe vrsti, pokazati, v čem se razlikujeta, kot primernejšo pa vzamemo širšo definicijo, ki se nanaša na raziskovalno dejavnost ter praktično uporabo v institucijah kot so zapori, policija, bolnice, šole, sodstvo itd. Forenzična psihologija ima svoje korenine že v antičnih časih, dejanski razvoj takšne veje znanosti, kot jo poznamo danes, pa se je pričel v 20. stoletju in se vedno bolj razvija. Že sama veja psihologije, forenzična psihologija, je razvila svoje specialne smeri, kot so policijska psihologija, pravna psihologija, preiskovalna psihologija, kriminalna psihologija ter zaporska psihologija. Prav tako so se razvile različne metode pridobivanja podatkov oziroma obravnavanja le-teh. V nalogi vse omenjene metode predstavimo. Kot protipol takšni raznolikosti pojmovanj ter specialnih vej znotraj forenzične psihologije se pojavljajo mediji s svojimi dokaj agresivnimi predstavami dela forenzičnih psihologov, ki pa z dejanskim delom nimajo veliko skupnega. Predvsem so te predstave omejene na delo s kriminalci ter na samo raziskovanje vzrokov kriminalnega dejanja, poleg tega pa so polne stereotipov. Vedno bolj razširjene televizijske serije ter filmi s takšnimi podobami vplivajo na percepcijo ljudi, ki dobijo o tej znanosti temu primerno podobo. Z namenom da preverimo, kako laični ljudje poznajo delo forenzičnega psihologa, v nalogi najprej preverimo podobe v medijih ter jih nato primerjamo z odgovori anketirancev. Povezava je očitna, saj je iz odgovorov razvidno, da je vedenje posameznikov o tej stroki podvrženo podobam, ki jih pridobijo iz medijev, največ iz televizijskih serij. The thesis examines the concept of forensic psychology, the development of science, its directions, methods, the role of a forensic psychologist, and her image in the general public. Perceptions of forensic psychology is subject to various definitions in the main they are classified as narrow and wider. In this work we try to present both, show in what way they differ, and take a broader definition, which refers to the research and practical application in prison institutions, police, hospitals, schools, etc. in the judiciary, as more appropriate. We can say that forensic psychology has its roots in ancient times but the actual development of this branche of science as we know it today began in the 20th century and is increasingly developing. Itself a branch of psychology, forensic psychology, developed its specialities, such as police psychology, legal psychology, investigative psychology, criminal psychology, and prison psychology. It developed also different methods of getting and processing data. In this work we present all of this. Parallel to such a diversity of concepts and special branches within forensic psychology, the media appear, quite aggressively, with the perceptions of forensic psychologists, that has a little to do with the real-life-work of the expert. Above all, these performances are limited to working with criminals themselves and exploring the causes of crime and are full of stereotypes. With such images pervasive television series and movies affect the perception of people. In order to examine how are people familiar with the work of a forensic psychologist, we will firs check images in the media, and then compare the answers of respondents. The connection is obvious, since the responses show that the knowledge of individuals of the profession is a subject to the images they receive from the media, mostly television series.

Identifikacija glasu je še vedno zelo aktualna tema. Namen diplomske naloge je preučiti in predstaviti to področje. Metoda je še vedno dokaj nepoznana in je tudi le redkokdaj uporabljena, preiskovalci in sodišča pa je ponekod še vedno ne priznavajo kot zanesljiv vir podatkov. Identifikacija glasu se lahko uporablja pri preiskovanju večine oblik kriminalnih dejanj. V preteklosti se pojavlja kar nekaj primerov, ko so sodišča obsodila napačne osebe samo na podlagi pričanja nekoga, ki je narobe prepoznal glas. To je spodbudilo psihologe k preučevanju sposobnosti identifikacije oseb po glasu. Na to temo je bilo izvedenih nekaj tujih raziskav, v katerih so ugotavljali, kako uporabna naj bi bila ta metoda kot dokaz na sodiščih. V prvem delu teoretičnega dela diplomske naloge smo na kratko predstavili biometrijo oziroma biometriko, kot jo nekateri tudi imenujejo. V sklopu tega dela smo predstavili biometrične metode in njihove lastnosti, biometrične sisteme ter zanesljivost in pomanjkljivost biometričnih metod. V drugem delu smo predstavili identifikacijo oseb po glasu. Na kratko smo povzeli nekaj o glasu, zgodovini, preiskavi, snemanju glasu, verodostojnosti posnetka ter tujih raziskavah. V sklopu diplomske naloge smo izvedli tudi preprosto raziskavo s pomočjo študentov Fakultete za varnostne vede. Pri tem nas je zanimalo, ali uspešna identifikacija glasu upada s potekom vse daljšega časovnega obdobja (en teden, trije tedni, pet tednov) od poslušanja/slišanja spornega glasu. Zanimalo nas je tudi, če je po preteklem daljšem časovnem obdobju identifikacija še vedno zanesljiva. Rezultati raziskave so potrdili naše domneve o upadu zanesljivosti identifikacije. Voice identification is still a very topical subject and the purpose of the thesis is to study and present this field. This method is still quite unknown and rarely used. Some investigators and courts still don’t recognize it as a reliable source of information. Voice identification can be used in most investigations of criminal acts. In the past there are quite a few cases, where courts have convicted wrong persons based just on the testimony of someone, who wrongly recognized their voice. This encouraged psychologists to study the ability of identifying a person through voice identification. Several foreign researches have been carried out in order to determine the usefulness of this method as evidence in courts. In the first part of the theoretical part of the thesis we briefly presented biometrics, namely biometric methods and their characteristics, biometric systems, the reliability and deficiencies. In the second part we presented the identification of persons based on their voice. We shortly summarized the basics of the voice, the history of voice identification and the identification as such, voice recording, reliability of the recording and foreign researches. As part of the thesis we also carried out a short research with the help of students of the Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security. We wanted to find out, if it is true, that the success of voice identification decreases with the passed time from the listening/hearing of the suspicious voice. We also wanted to prove, if voice identification is still reliable after a longer period of time. The results of the research proved our hypotheses on the decrease of the reliability of voice identification.

Delovno mesto utegne biti zanimivo in sproščujoče. Velik pomen gre pripisati šefom oziroma vodilnim v službi, kajti njihov pristop in način komuniciranja sta bistvenega pomena, da se človek dobro počuti in s tem dobro dela. To velja za povprečne poklice, kot je na primer delo v podjetju. Poklic policista zahteva mnogo več kot le toplo besedo šefa, pogovor s sodelavcem itd. Ker za policiste velja, da so posebna subkultura, smo v diplomski nalogi prikazali, kako je treba obravnavati policiste, ki zaradi stresnih situacij in kritičnih dogodkov vsekakor potrebujejo primeren pristop in pomoč. Namen diplomske naloge je ugotoviti možnosti nudenja psihosocialne pomoči policistom, ki to potrebujejo. Predstavljeni so nekateri modeli nudenja pomoči, med katerimi je v ospredju CISM (Critical Incident Stress Management). CISM je model, ki si v diplomski nalogi zasluži posebno mesto, saj je kot tak dobro zasnovan in obsega predkrizno fazo, fazo akutne krize in fazo po kriznem dogajanju. Tudi policija v Sloveniji že ima ustaljeno prakso nudenja psihosocialne pomoči, ki se nadgrajuje in preoblikuje v obliki projekta policijskih zaupnikov. Predstavljene so možnosti nudenja psihosocialne pomoči v specialni enoti policije in tudi zgodovina nudenja pomoči pri MNZ. Že iz naslova je razvidno, da smo v diplomskem delu primerjali ureditev nudenja psihosocialne pomoči v policiji in na Upravi RS za zaščito in reševanje (URSZR). Zanimalo nas je, kakšni so postopki oziroma kakšna je ureditev nudenja psihosocialne pomoči zaposlenim pri URSZR. Ugotovitve in rezultati primerjave so prikazali sliko stanja, v katerem se sistema razlikujeta oziroma sta si podobna. Tako policija kot URSZR še vedno izpopolnjujeta svoja sistema, saj so obremenitve vedno hujše in s tem je vedno več ljudi v težavah. Podrobneje smo prikazali stresne situacije, v katerih se pri svojem delu znajdejo enote URSZR, ker pa je poudarek na poklicnih gasilcih, smo predstavili primer travmatske situacije, ko je v švedskem Goeteborgu v neki diskoteki zagorelo, gasilcem pa so očitali neenako »obravnavanje« žrtev in počasno intervencijo, saj so bile žrtve makedonski priseljenci. Primer je prinesel mnoge spremembe in izboljšanja. The post may be interesting and relaxing. Great importance is attributed to the leader or boss at work, because their approach and mode of communication is crucial that people feel good and work well. This applies to the average occupations such as work in the company. The police profession requires much more than just boss’ warm words, talk to colleagues and so on. As the police are special subculture, I showed how police officers should be dealt with, which certainly requires an approach and assistance. The purpose of the thesis is to identify opportunities to provide psychosocial support to police officers who need it. Featured are some models to provide assistance where it is at the forefront of CISM (Critical Incident Stress Management). CISM is a model which in the thesis deserves a special place because it is as such well-designed and includes: pre-crisis phase, a phase of acute crisis and post-crisis developments. Even our police have already established practice of providing psychosocial support, upgraded and transformed into a project of police representatives. It also presents the possibility of providing psychosocial support in the special police unit, and a history of providing assistance at the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Already from the title is visible that we compared the legislation to provide psychosocial assistance to the police and the department of rescue and protection. We were wondering what are the procedures and organization to provide psychosocial support to employees of the department of rescue and protection. The findings and results of the comparison show a picture of a situation in which the systems are different or similar. Both, police and department of rescue and protection are still developing their system, because the workload is always serious and there are more and more people in distress. More specifically, we showed stressful situations in which members of the department of rescue and protection find themselves, but since the focus is on professional firefighters, we presented the case of traumatic situations when in the Swedish Göteborg in a disco burn, firefighters are accused of unequal "treatment" of victims and slow to intervene, as the fire victims were Macedonian immigrants. The case has brought many changes and improvements.