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Količine podatkov, ki jih je potrebno obdelati, so vedno večje, zato je smiselno procese avtomatizirati. Digitalne fotografije oziroma slike so vir informacij, ki jih lahko z računalniškimi algoritmi izluščimo in interpretiramo. V diplomski nalogi smo na kratko opisali, kaj je digitalna slika in kako jo lahko obdelujemo. Poudarek naloge je bil na praktičnem delu, kjer smo razvili algoritem za samodejno prepoznavanje prehodov za pešce na digitalni sliki. Program je napisan v programskem okolju Matlab. We have to process more and more data every day, so it makes sense to automate as many processes as possible. Digital images are source of information, which can be extracted and interpreted with computer algorithms. In bachelor thesis we are dealing with digital image and image processing. The emphasis of the thesis is the practical case study. We had developed algorithm for automatic pedestrian crossing detection in digital image. Program is written in Matlab.

Klasični ortofoto ima kar nekaj slabosti, ki jih odpravimo v procesu izdelave popolnega ortofota. Popolni ortofoto izdelamo v nadgrajenem procesu ortorektifikacije iz letalskih posnetkov z uporabo digitalnega modela površja (DMP). DMP je sestavljen iz digitalnega modela reliefa (DMR), kateremu so dodani podatki o položaju in višinah stavb in mostov. Ti podatki so običajno shranjeni v vektorski obliki in so se v preteklosti običajno zajemali ročno iz letalskih posnetkov z metodo stereozajema. Z razvojem aerolaserskega skeniranja pa so se pojavile različne možnosti in tehnike avtomatskega zajema stavb iz lidarskih podatkov. V okviru diplomske naloge sem razvil enostaven algoritem, ki iz lidarskih podatkov pridobi višine stavb. V teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge na kratko opišem razlike med klasičnim in popolnim ortofotom, razlike v postopku izdelave ter predstavim tehnologijo aerolaserskega skeniranja. V praktičnem delu pa opišem sam algoritem in njegovo realizacijo v ESRI jevem programskem paketu ArcGIS ter primerjam ortofote izdelane na podlagi različnih digitalnih modelov površja.? Classical orthophoto has some disadvantages, which are eliminated in the process of generating true orthophoto. True orthophoto is generated from aerial photographs and digital surface model (DSM) in a process of enhanced orthorectification. DSM represents the earth's surface and includes objects like buildings and bridges. DSM data are usually stored in one of the vector file formats. In the past, DSM data were mostly acquired through process of stereoscopic data capture, but with a development of airborne laser scanning many different methods for automatic building extraction from lidar data are now available. In graduation thesis a simple algorithm for extracting building heights from lidar data was developed. In the first, theoretical part main differences between classical and true orthophoto are shortly presented as well as differences in their production line. In addition, main principles of airborne laser scanning are described. The second part treats the practical work. It contains presentation of developed algorithm, its realization in ESRI ArcGIS and evaluation of the final orthophoto results produced with different digital surface models.

V diplomski nalogi poizkušamo prikazati širjenje vulkanskega pepela ob izbruhu vulkana Eyjafjallajökull na Islandiji leta 2010, prek Evrope do Slovenije. Predstavljena je grožnja, ki jo ob izbruhu vulkanskega pepela predstavlja vulkanski pepel letalskemu prometu in posledično tudi letalskim družbam, ki so takrat utrpele ogromno denarno škodo. V diplomski nalogi smo analizirali predvsem širjenje vulkanskega pepela prve tri dni, ko je bil izbruh najbolj intenziven in se je razširil skoraj po celotni Evropi. Za to predstavitev smo uporabili satelitske posnetke senzorja SEVIRI, ki je nameščen na satelitu MSG-2. Predstavljene so tudi metode in algoritmi zaznavanja vulkanskega pepela v atmosferi in sateliti s senzorji, ki so zmožni zaznavanja vulkanskega pepela na podlagi infrardečega valovanja. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the spread of volcanic ash in the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland in 2010 which disseminated all the way to Slovenia. We describe the threat that the volcanic ash presents for air traffic and, consequently, airlines, who suffered a huge financial loss. In this thesis, we mainly analyse the spread of volcanic ash in the first three days, when the outbreak was most intense and has spread almost all over Europe. For this presentation we used satellite images of SEVIRI sensor, which is mounted on the MSG-2 satellite. We also demonstrate methods and algorithms of detection of the volcanic ash in the atmosphere and satellites with sensors capable of detecting the volcanic ash on the basis of infrared waves.

Na osnovi izkušenj preteklih let Geodetske pisarne (GP) Ljubljana v diplomski nalogi izpostavimo aktualne probleme evidentiranja sodno določenih mej v zemljiškem katastru na območju katastrskih občin, ki jih pisarna geografsko obsega. Za namen razumevanja poteka in vsebine posameznega obravnavanega postopka predstavimo zakonodajo, ki ureja področje nepravdnega postopka urejanja mej zemljiških parcel v Sloveniji. V praktičnem delu vsebinsko in časovno analiziramo izbrane elaborate sodnih postopkov, ki so bili na podlagi dokončne odločbe geodetske uprave o evidentiranju urejene meje zaključeni po sprejetju Zakona o evidentiranju nepremičnin (ZEN) leta 2006. Največ sodnih postopkov ureditve meje je bilo evidentiranih v letu 2011, spremembe, določene v pravnomočnih sodnih aktih teh postopkov, pa so se najpogosteje v zemljiški kataster evidentirale v roku petih let ali manj. V nalogi izpostavljamo tipične probleme in tehnične napake elaboratov sodnega postopka ureditve meje ter razloge za poziv k dopolnitvi elaboratov, s katerimi se srečujejo geodeti v Geodetski pisarni Ljubljana. Najpogostejši razlog za pošiljanje poziva za dopolnitev elaborata je neskladnost vsebine elaborata in vsebine sodnega sklepa na podlagi katerega se zahteva evidentiranje sprememb v zemljiškem katastru. Obravnavamo tudi primera elaboratov sodno določenih mej, ki nista izpolnjevala določil Pravilnika o urejanju mej ter spreminjanju in evidentiranju podatkov v zemljiškem katastru (2007) in je bila posledično zahtevana dopolnitev elaboratov. This thesis is an attempt to present some current issues based on experiences of Ljubljana SMA branch office in the field of judicial definitions of borders in a cadastral register of cadastral municipalities in the geographic scope of branch office. To acheive detail understanding of the timeline and the content of each particular proceeding we present the legislation concerning non-contentious procedure of managing land boundaries in Slovenia. In the practical part of the thesis we analyze the court expert's reports of judicial definition of land boundaries which were based on the final order of the Surveying and mapping authority, concluded and recorded after the adoption of the Real-Estate Recording Act in 2006. Most analysed proceedings, regarding the judicial definition of boundaries, were recorded in 2011, changes specified in final judicial acts of these procedures were in a cadastral register mostly recorded within five years or less. In the thesis we focus on the most common issues and technical mistakes in the surveyors reports of judicial definition of land boundaries and the cause for their reasons for the request to complete the report, encountered by surveyors at Ljubljana SMA branch office. The main cause for sending an appeal for completion of the reports is incosistency of the contents in the surveyors report and the content of judicial conclusion of the court. We have discussed two reports of judicial definiton of land boundaries which have not met the rules and was subsequently required for an update of reports.

V prvem delu diplomske naloge sem opisala, kakšna so geodetska dela pri izgradnji objekta. Ker je bila moja naloga opis del pri izgradnji nove železniške proge, sem bila tekom celotne diplomske naloge usmerjena v predstavitev del pri tovrstnih gradnjah. Največjo pozornost sem posvetila izvajanju geodetskih del med samo izgradnjo objekta (predvsem zakoličbo), saj sem pri tem tudi sodelovala. Ker sta stroki gradbeništvo in geodezija med seboj tesno povezani, sem na koncu predstavila tudi nekaj gradbenih del, s katerimi mora biti geodet seznanjen, da lahko opravlja svoja dela. In the first part of my diploma thesis I described the function of the surveying work in the construction of the facility. As my task was to describe the construction of a new railway track, the entire thesis is focused on the presentation of such constructions. Having participated in the project myself, I paid specific attention to the implementation of the surveying work during the whole process in construction of the facility (mainly stakeout). Whereas there is a direct correlation between construction and surveying, I concluded my thesis with some construction work, which the surveyor must be familiar with to be able to carry out their job.

Evidentiranje nepremičnin v zbirke katastrskih podatkov (zemljiški kataster, kataster stavb) je možno na podlagi dokončne upravne odločbe ali na podlagi pravnomočne sodne odločbe ali sodne poravnave s priloženim elaboratom geodetske storitve. V diplomski nalogi sta na kratko predstavljena postopka ureditve (dela) meje zemljiških parcel v upravnem postopku ter v sodnem nepravdnem postopku. Pri sodnem postopku ureditve meje ne nastopa samo sodišče, zelo pomembno vlogo pri odločitvi sodnika ima tudi sodni izvedenec geodetske stroke, zato smo v nalogi posebno pozornost namenili vlogi sodnega izvedenca geodetske stroke. Za območje Geodetske pisarne Litija, ki smo ga izbrali kot študijsko območje, smo analizirali množičnost postopkov evidentiranja urejenih mej v zemljiškem katastru, kjer so bile meje določene na osnovi sodnega postopka. Za študijsko območje smo po posameznih katastrskih občinah zbrali podatke o evidentiranih sodnih postopkih na osnovi informacijskega sistema geodetske uprave. Za izbrane primere sodnega urejanja mej smo naredili časovno ter vsebinsko analizo, s poudarkom na mnenjih sodnih izvedencev ter odločitvah sodišča. Namen naloge je izpostaviti kritične postopke ter aktualne probleme trenutne pravne ureditve sodnega reševanja mejnih sporov. The recording of real properties into cadastral databases (land cadastre, building cadastre) is possible through a final, administrational written order or through a final court decree whit cadastral documentation. This paper in short describes the procedure of clarification of land parcel boundaries in an administrational procedure and in a judicial non-litigation procedure. In a judicial boundary clarification procedure, apart from the court itself, a court surveying expert is also of great importance, therefore a special attention was given to his/her particular function. For the Surveying and Mapping Authority's branch office of Litija, which was choosen for study area, we have analysed the frequency of land plot boundaries records in the land cadastre, where boundaries were set based on a court decree. For this purpose we have gathered data on the records of land plot boundaries determined by the court decrees for each cadastral municipality in the study area, using the information system of the Surveying and Mapping Authority. Duration of the procedures and the content of decisions have been analysed for the chosen cases of judicial boundary clarifications, with an emphasis on surveying court expert assessments and the content of court decrees. The purpose of this thesis is to expose critical procedures and problems of the existing legal arrangements for a judicial clarification of land plot boundaries.

V diplomski nalogi analiziramo preteklo in aktualno zakonodajo na področju evidentiranja nepremičnin, še posebej na področju sodnega urejanja meja. Na osnovi podatkov pridobljenih na Območni geodetski upravi Novo mesto analiziramo množičnost postopkov s pozivom na sodni postopek. Ugotavljamo, da se delež sodnih postopkov urejanja meja v zadnjih letih zmanjšuje. V nalogi nadalje preverjamo in potrjujemo trditvi, da na množičnost postopkov evidentiranja v zemljiškem katastru na osnovi sodnih postopkov vpliva oddaljenost od krajev in da je množičnost postopkov evidentiranja v zemljiškem katastru na osnovi sodnih postopkov odvisna od vrste rabe zemljišč. In the Graduation Thesis we have analyzed past and contemporary Legislation regarding recording of real property, in particular in the field of judicial clarification of boundary. Based on data provided by SMA regional office Novo mesto we have analyzed the frequency of treatments with an appeal on judicial proceedings. We have found out, that a share of judicial proceedings of arranging land boundaries has been reduced in recent years. Further on we have checked and verified that the frequency of recording of judicaly determined boundaries in the land cadastre based, is affected by the distance of parcel from the closest towns and that the frequency is dependent on land use pattern.

Glavni namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti delo z izbranim odprtokodnim programom za objektno usmerjeno analizo visoko ločljivega posnetka daljinskega zaznavanja ter izdelati navodila za delo. V prvem delu naloge je predstavljeno področje odprtokodnih programov s poudarkom na geodetskih programih in programih za izvajanje objektno usmerjenih analiz posnetkov. Drugi del naloge je namenjen opisu osnovnih principov in korakov objektno usmerjene analize posnetkov (segmentacija, klasifikacija, poklasifikacija z oceno natančnosti klasifikacije) ter prednosti, ki jih prinaša v primerjavi s pikselsko usmerjeno analizo. Tretji del je posvečen predstavitvi izbranega programa InterIMAGE, v četrtem delu pa so podana navodila za izvedbo objektno usmerjene klasifikacije satelitskega posnetka v izbranem programu. Predstavljeni sta dve metodi klasifikacije: klasifikacija na podlagi učnih vzorcev in klasifikacija na podlagi odločitvenih dreves. V navodilih so opisani vsi koraki in postopki od uvoza podatkov, segmentacije, klasifikacije in poklasifikacije do izvoza podatkov in opisne ocene rezultatov klasifikacije. The main intent of this graduation thesis is to present the use of selected open source software for object-oriented high resolution remote sensed image analysis and to design operation instructions. In the first part of the thesis the open source software with the emphasis on geodetic and object-based image analysis software is presented. The second part is dedicated to description of basic principles and steps in object-based image analysis (segmentation, classification, post-classification with classification accuracy assessment) and its advantages against the pixel-based image classification. The third part is dedicated to the presentation of the InterIMAGE program and in the fourth part the operation instructions for executing object-based satellite image classification are given. Two methods of image classification are presented: training samples based classification and decision tree based classification. In the operation instructions all the steps, from data import, segmentation, classification and post-classification to data export and descriptive quality assessment of the results are described.

Pravočasni in kakovostni podatki o okolju in prostoru so danes nujna podpora pri odločanju o posegih in spremljanju stanja okolja ter hitrih odzivih ob naravnih nesrečah. Slovenija se preko evropskih projektov in članstva v različnih organizacijah uspešno vključuje v evropske aktivnosti za opazovanje Zemlje, ki so usmerjene v globalno in racionalno zbiranje podatkov ter njihovo široko uporabo. Diplomska naloga je bila izdelana v okviru natečaja projekta OBSERVE, čigar poslanstvo je krepitev in razvoj aktivnosti opazovanja Zemlje za okolje na območju Balkana. Namen naloge je bil prikazati način uporabe prostorskih podatkov, pridobljenih z opazovanjem Zemlje, v drugih znanostih in na ta način razširiti njihovo uporabnost ter nakazati koristi, ki jih ima lahko naša družba od njih. V raziskavi smo uporabili podatke projekta Promote (napovedi o vsebnosti ozona, dušikovega dioksida in trdnih delcev PM10 v zraku) in terenske meritve Agencije Republike Slovenije za okolje, za širše območje Ljubljane. V prvem delu raziskave smo s pomočjo terenskih meritev ovrednotili Promotove napovedi. V drugem delu smo za Promotove napovedi preizkusili hipotezo: "Z naraščanjem količine padavin pada koncentracija PM10 v zraku." Primerjava Promotovih napovedi in ARSO terenskih meritev trdnih delcev PM10 je pokazala nekatere pomanjkljivosti Promotovih podatkov, hipotezo pa smo na osnovi testnih podatkov potrdili z manj kot 2,7-odstotnim tveganjem. Timely and quality data about environment and space is nowadays necessary support when deciding on interventions and environmental monitoring and rapid response to natural disasters. Slovenia is through European projects and membership in different organizations, which are focused on global and rational data collection, and their widespread use, successfully integrated into the European Earth observation activities. This research has been made for competition announced in the framework of the Observe project -"Strengthening and Development of Earth Observation Activities for the Environment of Balkan Area". Purpose of the project was to demonstrate how to use spatial data from Earth observation in other sciences and in this way to extend their usefulness and to indicate the benefits that our society may have of them. In this study we used data from Project Promote (forecasts of ozone, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter PM10 concentration in the air) and in-situ measurements of the Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO). The area used in this research is the broader region of Ljubljana, Slovenia. In the first part of the study we are using in-situ measurements to evaluate Promote forecasts. In the second part we tested the following hypothesis on Promote data: "With increasing quantity of precipitation, PM10 mass concentration decreases." The comparison between PROMOTE forecasts and in-situ mass concentrations from ARSO showed some weaknesses of the PROMOTE data. Our hypothesis has been confirmed with less than 2.7 % risk.

Diplomska naloga obravnava področje in problematiko sodnega urejanja mej, kjer smo za obravnavo praktičnih primerov izbrali območje Območne geodetske uprave Nova Gorica. Splošni del naloge predstavlja opis študijskega območja, kateremu sledi predstavitev zakonodaje in predpisov, ki urejajo ali so urejali sodno določitev meje ter evidentiranje takšnih primerov v zemljiškem katastru. Prav tako so v okviru splošnega dela naloge predstavljeni predpisi, ki opredeljujejo sodnega izvedenca geodetske stroke, njegove naloge in pristojnosti. Praktični del naloge je razdeljen na dva dela, kjer prvi del obravnava statistično analizo števila sodnih postopkov urejanja meje na študijskem območju po podatkih OGU Nova Gorica. V drugem delu so podani rezultati podrobne analize tako časovnega kot vsebinskega poteka treh izbranih sodnih primerov z izpostavljenimi prednostmi ter konkretnimi problemi sodnih postopkov urejanja meje. The diploma thesis deals with the field of the judicial clarification of boundaries. The area of the Regional Surveying and Mapping Authority in Nova Gorica has been chosen for the analysis of practical examples. The general part of the thesis represents the description of the study area followed by the presentation of the legislation and regulations that deal or have dealt with the clarification of boundary and with the recording of such cases in the land cadastre. Regulations that define the judicial expert and his or her tasks and jurisdiction are also included in the general part. The second, practical part is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the statistical analyses of number of judicial procedures of clarification of boundary in the study area according to the data of SMA Nova Gorica. In the second part the results of the detailed analyses is given about the timeline and the contents of the three chosen judicial cases with the exposed advantages and concrete problems concerning the judicial procedures of clarification of boundaries.

V diplomski nalogi sem raziskal različne načine in možnosti preoblikovanja lokalnih prostorskih podatkov s pomočjo različnih programov za potrebe vključevanja v program Google Earth. Uporabil sem podatke v Gauss-Krügerjevem koordinatnem sistemu, zajete za potrebe izdelave geodetskega načrta v katastrski občini Police. Predstavljen je program Google Earth in jezikovna shema KML, ki jo uporablja, ter vrsta spletnih aplikacij in programov ocenjena je njihova uporabnost tako za geodetske potrebe kot tudi za širšo javnost. Predstavljena je tudi uporaba ArcMap-a za namene preoblikovanja podatkov. Preoblikovani prostorski podatki so vključeni v Google Earth, komentirana je natančnost in predstavljene možnosti za izboljšanje uporabnosti in predstavitve podatkov. In this undergraduate thesis I explore different ways of local spatial data conversions with different programs for the purpose of inclusion in Google Earth. I used the data which was in the Gauss-Krüger coordinate system, that was used for making a surveying plan in the cadastral municipality Police. Google Earth and the KML language scheme, which it uses are introduced. In addition I rewieved several web applications and programs and assessed their usefulness for both geodetic needs as well as the needs of the general public. Is also presented using ArcMap for the purposes of data conversion. The local spatial data is included in Google Earth, the accuracy of the included data is commented on and options to improve the usability and presentation of data are presented.

Dravske elektrarne Maribor želijo energetsko in ekonomsko izkoristiti preliv odvečne vode preko zapornic na jezu Markovci in zagotoviti ekološko sprejemljiv pretok v strugi reke Drave. Posledica tega je izgradnja nove male hidroelektrarne, ki bo izkoriščala ta pretok. Izgradnja male hidroelektrarne Markovci v geodetskem smislu pomeni spremembo geometrije mreže zaradi porušitve enega opazovalnega stebra, zaradi česar ni več možno kontinuirano spremljanje stabilnosti jezovne pregrade. V diplomski nalogi smo z vzpostavitvijo novega referenčnega stebra sanirali obstoječo terestrično mikro-mrežo Markovci in tako vzpostavili optimalno geometrijo mreže, s čimer ponovno zagotovimo pogoje za spremljanje stabilnosti jezu. Optimalen položaj novega referenčnega stebra smo določili na osnovi simulacij opazovanj. Simulacije smo opravili za dva niza natančnosti, za precizno in običajno natančnost, v treh serijah, in sicer za mrežo, ki vsebuje referenčno točko O6 za mrežo, ki ne vsebuje odstranjene referenčne točke O6 ter za mrežo, ki vsebuje novo referenčno točko O6N. Vsa simulirana opazovanja smo nato izravnali za namen analize položajne natančnosti referenčnih in kontrolnih točk. Simulirana opazovanja smo primerjali tudi z dejanskimi meritvami in poiskali vzroke za razlike med njimi. V nalogi smo predstavili tudi obstoječo stabilizacijo referenčnih in kontrolnih točk ter predlagali način stabilizacije nove referenčne točke. Podali smo tudi smernice za kakovostna geotehnična opazovanja, ki so nam v pomoč za korektno izvajanje terenskih meritev. Korektno izvedene meritve pa predstavljajo osnovo za kakovostne rezultate. The company Dravske elektrarne Maribor intends to make an energy efficient and cost-effective use of the spillway water at Markovci dam, as well as to provide for an ecologically acceptable flow in the Drava river bed. This entails the construction of a new small-scale hydro that would make use of this flow. From the geodetic point of view, the construction of a small-scale hydro Markovci would require changes in the geometric network since one of the observation posts would be eliminated, thus preventing any further continuous monitoring of the stability of dam sluices. The thesis presents the reconstruction of the existing terrestrial micro-network Markovci, which includes the installation of a new reference post in order to allow for the establishment of a new optimum geometric network and thus re-establish conditions for monitoring the dam stability. The optimum position of the new reference post has been determined following a series of simulated observations. Simulations were carried out using two types of accuracy, precision and standard, in three series, namely for the network that included the eliminated reference point O6, the network without the eliminated reference point O6 and the network that included a new reference point O6N. All simulated observations have been then adjusted in order to analyze the positional accuracy of the reference and control points. The simulated observations are compared to the actual measurements and reasons for the observed differences are discussed. The thesis also discusses the existing stabilization of reference and control points and suggests the method to be used for the stabilization of the new reference point. Guidelines for high-quality geo-technical observations are also proposed in order to enable proper field measurements. Properly conducted measurements are essential for obtaining high-quality results.

Osnovna tema diplomske naloge je analiza evidentiranja sodno urejenih mej ter drugih sodnih postopkov v zemljiškem katastru na območju OGU Slovenj Gradec. Kratkemu teoretičnemu uvodu, ki je namenjen predstavitvi zakonodaje na področju obravnave, sledi podrobna analiza števila evidentiranih sprememb v zemljiškem katastru na podlagi sodnih postopkov po letih na območju OGU Slovenj Gradec. Pri tem ugotavljamo, da je od leta 1923 do sedemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja zelo malo evidentiranih primerov, potem pa kljub občasnim padcem naraščajo in v letu 2010 dosežejo maksimum. V prvem delu se posvetimo tudi analizi trajanja sodnih postopkov na osnovi dokumentacije arhiva geodetske uprave na obravnavanem območju in ugotovimo, da sodni postopki trajajo povprečno malo manj kot tri mesece. V drugem delu prikaza rezultatov raziskave s statistično analizo preverimo, ali obstaja korelacija med številom sodno določenih zemljiškokatastrskih točk oziroma sodnih postopkov ter deležem dejanske rabe v posamezni katastrski občini za območje OGU Slovenj Gradec. Ob analizi rezultatov pridemo ugotovimo, da na osnovi regresijske analize in Studentovega statističnega t-testa ne moremo sklepati o povezanosti števila sodno določenih zemljiškokatastrskih točk z deležem površine pozidanih, kmetijskih in gozdnih zemljišč. V primeru analize števila sodnih postopkov v odvisnosti od površine dejanske rabe pa lahko sklepamo, da korelacija pri deležih površin kmetijskih in gozdnih zemljišč ne obstaja, obstaja pa šibka povezanost pri deležu površin pozidanih zemljišč. V zadnjem delu naloge smo na osnovi izbranih primerov sodno določenih mej predstavili področje sodnega določanja mej - konkretna primera smo analizirali kronološko in vsebinsko. The Graduation Thesis is based on the analysis of judicial procedures for real property evidencing at the territory of SMA regional office Slovenj Gradec. At the beginning there is a short theoretical introduction, which presents the legislation of real property recording under judicial procedure. We have analyzed a number of changes in the land cadastre database based on judicial procedures by years. We have discovered that there were only a few evidenced cases from year 1923 to the 1970s, but then the number increases constantly with a few drops and reaches maximum in year 2010. In the first part we also focus on the analysis of duration of judicial procedures based on documentation of the archives in which we discover that judicial procedures in average take approximately three months. In the second part we performed statistic analysis, of a correlation between the number of judicial cadastral points (in second part between the number of judicial procedures) and land use for each cadastral community at the territory of SMA office Slovenj Gradec. The results of regression analysis and Student t-test show that we cannot conclude that there exists correlation between the number of judicial cadastral points and share of building area, fields and forest. In the case of the number of judicial procedures in correlation with land use we can conclude that there is a weak correlation with building area. In the last part we have presented judicial clarification of boundary based on selected cases analyses- we presented selected cases based on the duration and contents.

Z diplomsko nalogo smo želeli ugotoviti, ali je mogoče izdelati geodetski načrt na podlagi podatkov aerolaserskega skeniranja. Zanimalo nas je tudi, če bi bil tak postopek izdelave primeren za vsakodnevno geodetsko prakso. Testno območje v naselju Koroška Bela smo izbrali zaradi razgibane topografije in različnih grajenih objektov ter dostopnosti podatkov aerolaserskega skeniranja. Detajlne točke za izdelavo geodetskega načrta smo iz oblaka točk zajemali ročno v programu FugroViewer. Geodetski načrt smo v štirih korakih izrisali v programu GeoPro. Končna ocena kakovosti izdelanega geodetskega načrta temelji na terenskem ogledu testnega območja. V zaključku so predstavljene ugotovitve in ocena uporabnosti testirane metode izdelave geodetskega načrta. With this graduation thesis we wanted to research the options to construct a geodetic plan from the airborne laser scanning data. Furthermore we tested this method for use in everyday geodetic practice. We chose the test area in settlement Koroška Bela because of the diverse topography, various built objects and accessibility of airborne laser scanning data. For construction of the geodetic plan we manually extracted coordinates of detail points, from the point cloud acquired by airborne laser scanning, using the FugroViewer software. We drew the geodetic plan in four steps using the GeoPro software. Final quality evaluation of the constructed geodetic plan was based on field examination of the test area. Findings and evaluation of tested methods suitability for construction of geodetic plans are introduced in the conclusion.

Namen diplomske naloge je oceniti tržno vrednost enostanovanjske hiše v občini Postojna na podlagi uporabe različnih vrst podatkov, in sicer: na podlagi oglaševanih cen enostanovanjskih hiš, prodajnih cen enostanovanjskih hiš in enostanovanjskih hiš s pripisano posplošeno tržno vrednostjo uporabljenih s pomočjo metode primerjave, na podlagi prodajnih cen komunalno neopremljenih nezazidanih stavbnih zemljišč, stroškov za komunalni prispevek in stroškov izgradnje nove enostanovanjske hiše uporabljenih s pomočjo metode stroškov. Ocenjena tržna vrednost enostanovanjske hiše se nanaša na hipotetično enostanovanjsko hišo z značilnostmi povprečja oziroma mediane obravnavanih enostanovanjskih hiš v občini Postojna. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da sta ocenjeni tržni vrednosti hipotetične enostanovanjske hiše po metodi primerjave za vzorec oglaševanih enostanovanjskih hiš za 35 %, za vzorec prodanih enostanovanjskih hiš pa za 21 % višji od ocenjene tržne vrednosti po metodi stroškov. To pomeni, da se v občini Postojna v splošnem splača investirati v izgradnjo enostanovanjske hiše, kar za samo naselje Postojna ne velja. Različni vhodni podatki pogojujejo različnim ocenjenim tržnim vrednostim ocenjevane enostanovanjske hiše, zato bi se morali v razmerah recesije pri uporabi določenih podatkov in metod poslužiti ustreznih prilagoditvenih faktorjev. The purpose of the thesis is to estimate the market value of a single family house in the municipality of Postojna on the basis of various types of data, namely on the basis of advertised prices of single family houses, selling prices of single family houses and single family houses with the ascribed generalized market value used with the method of comparison, on the basis of selling prices of building land which does not have a connection to public utilities, expenses for the building land development fee and expenses for the construction of a new single family house used with the method of expenses. The estimated market value of a single family house refers to a hypothetical single family house with the characteristics of the average or the median of the discussed single family houses in the municipality of Postojna. It has been established that by using the method of comparison the estimated market values of a hypothetical single family house are by 35 % higher for the sample of advertised single family houses and for the sample of sold single family houses by 21 % higher than the estimated market value by using the method of expenses. This means that it is worth investing in the construction of a single family house in the municipality of Postojna which does not hold good for the town of Postojna itself. Different estimated market values of a single family house being estimated are conditioned by different input data that is why appropriate adjustment factors should be applied in the use of certain data and methods in times of recession.

Osnovno orodje v fotogrametriji so profesionalni merski fotoaparati, ki imajo poznane (kalibrirane) parametre notranje orientacije in stabilno konstrukcijo. Zaradi vedno večje kakovosti in nižje cene pa se za določene fotogrametrične namene vse bolj uveljavlja uporaba nemerskih (amaterskih) digitalnih fotoaparatov, kjer je potrebno parametre notranje orientacije določiti v postopku kalibracije. V okviru diplomske naloge je bila izvedena kalibracija nemerskega digitalnega fotoaparata Nikon D70 na testnem polju, ki je vzpostavljeno v kletnih prostorih UL Fakultete za gradbeništvo in geodezijo. Testno polje predstavljajo prostorsko razporejene in ustrezno signalizirane točke, katerih prostorske koordinate so bile predhodno določene s klasično metodo izmere. Parametre notranje orientacije smo najprej želeli določiti z metodo samokalibracije v okviru izravnave aerotriangulacije. Med obdelavo so se pri izvedbi te naloge pokazale težave v izbranem programskem paketu AeroSys, zato smo praktično izvedbo prilagodili programski opremi (parametre notranje orientacije smo določili z direktno linearno transformacijo). Rezultati so pokazali, da z uporabljenim postopkom in opremo lahko dosežemo natančnost fotogrametrično določenih prostorskih koordinat nekaj cm, kar je sprejemljivo za določene manj zahtevne naloge bližnjeslikovne fotogrametrije. The principal tools of photogrammetry are professional cameras with calibrated parameters of inner orientation and stable construction. However, due to increased quality and lower prices, the use of amateur digital cameras, where the parameters of inner orientation are determined during calibration, for certain photogrammetric purposes is growing. For the aim of this diploma thesis, the calibration of Nikon D70 digital camera was performed at the test area in the basement facilities of the Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana. The area consists of spatially located and properly identified points with spatial coordinates previously determined via the classic measurement method. The initial aim was to determine the parameters of inner orientation through the method of self-calibration within the compensation of aerotriangulation. During data analysis certain problems with the chosen software package AeroSys became evident, so the practical implementation was adjusted to the software capabilities (the parameters of inner orientation were determined by direct linear transformation). The results have shown that by using the described procedure and equipment, the accuracy to within several centimetres of photogrammetrically determined spatial coordinates can be achieved, which is acceptable for certain less demanding tasks of close-range photogrammetry.