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Aiming at the characteristics of the high cost of hazardous chemicals logistics control, the difficulty in detecting potential safety hazards and many uncertain factors, an overall framework of a hazardous chemicals logistics distribution system driven by twin data was established based on digital twin technology, which can realize the real-time monitoring of parameters such as fatigue status of drivers and fault warning of vehicles. Therefore, accurate simulation and iterative optimization of the physical space of hazardous chemical vehicle scheduling could be realized based on physical parameters. Besides, a path optimization model with time window constraints for a single distribution center was constructed. The minimum total cost of distribution was taken as the objective function and the customer service time was dynamically adjusted by combining twin data, and the mathematical model was solved by using MATLAB tools with the genetic algorithm kernel. The fluctuations in the transportation cost of hazardous chemicals caused by dynamic unsafe factors in the logistics scheduling process can be effectively solved by adopting this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]