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The technological advance present in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has enabled the application of a wide range of technologies related to digitalization, connectivity, and automation. These technologies generate strong prospects of impact on the value chain, modernizing and optimizing distribution and production processes in manufacturing, as well as an exponential increase in the volume of data in cyberspace. In this context, Digital Twin (DT) is one of the advanced technologies embedded in the I4.0, which provides simulation capabilities to predict, optimize and estimate system states and configurations in a fully digital way in conjunction with cyber-physical systems. DT enables the replication of the real world in the virtual environment through the integration of technologies such as the Industrial Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, and Artificial Intelligence, generating data in real-time. As DT is at the center of a major paradigm shift in I4.0, the use of this technology enables opportunities to simulate cyber-attacks and defend scenarios without accessing the physical environment. However, these opportunities have some risks, as the connectivity implicit in DT between the physical and virtual environment increases the cyber-attacks surface. Cyber security becomes a critical concern to be addressed in projects that use and integrate DT. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze cyber security risks related to DT in the I4.0, and opportunities and challenges when using DT as a crucial component of a comprehensive security strategy, by providing means to simulate, test and monitor systems for vulnerabilities and threats. This study seeks to emphasize the need for best practices associated with the risks of cyber-attacks on virtual models, which can impact the physical systems they represent. This work makes a valuable academic contribution also by highlighting the importance of cyber security in the context of the use of DT in I4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current manufacture challenges are closely linked to the aim of digitalizing the product, the process and the means of production. In such aspects, information about the production processes is available in real-time, allowing managers to act on digital models and, through them, apply decisions in real systems. Thus, having a mirror model or a Digital Twin enables real-time absorption, simulation and implementation of manufacturing variations from the real environment, allowing faster detection of physical problems, and faster production response. The Digital Twin is a virtual representation of the physical system, which is equipped with sensors and actuators and feed the digital system, where the monitoring of data and simulation of variations, for instance, take place. From the synchronized interactions of both components, it is possible to deliver the mentioned faster production responses. Brazilian and German universities joined efforts to develop a Digital Twin based on product lifecycle to support the Manufacturing Process to address these challenges. The proposed Digital Twin seeks to integrate the product twin and the twin of its development process. It shall represent the manufacturing process, enabling the monitoring and optimization of the real production process. The Digital Twin itself is addressed as a product inside the production system and, therefore, its development process will follow the product lifecycle perspective, from the conception and planning to its implementation and usage. The Digital Twin will be further improved with the introduction of Artificial Intelligence tools, characterizing a Smart Digital Twin of the Manufacturing Process. Thus, this paper aims to present the concepts of a research project that is being developed in a joint Brazilian-German Cooperative Research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Twin technology is increasingly gaining importance for digitizing industry. Even if digital twin technology still needs fundamental research, its significance for industry has become very visible, as digital twin technology is a key success factor to professionalize Cyber- Physical Systems (CPS) applications. Industrie 4.0 as an initiative to increase industrial added value is based on establishing connectivity between CPS and to enable communication between CPS. The industrial application scenarios for Industrie 4.0 aim at vertical and horizontal lifecycle integration concepts where digital twin technology plays an important role. This contribution explains major concepts of Industrie 4.0 and derives the role of digital twin technology. Furthermore, digital twin approaches are presented and as well as the proposal to use the STEP technology (Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data, ISO 10303) as a fundamental basis for a comprehensive digital twin technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]