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This work presents the key ideas of the 13 works that make up the special issue, "The Role of News Media in Promoting Hate Speech," exploring the mechanisms by which hate speech spreads in media-related environments. The objective of this collection of studies is. The authors of these works, hailing from Spain, the United States, India, Portugal, and Norway, have contributed to establishing an approach to the central issue from diverse perspectives, including a legal perspective and addressing elements associated with journalistic practice and the dissemination of hate speech in current digital communication scenarios and help to exacerbate the polarization and prejudice in the public opinion of our current societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within journalism, social media has become a vehicle of communication that keeps the audience up to date regarding the content they publish. To manage this relationship, the figure of the community manager, a professional directly linked to studies of Information Sciences, is indispensable, especially in Journalism and Advertising. A qualitative methodology is used on the basis of Grounded Theory in 13 telephone interviews with Spanish media community managers. The data were later treated and coded with the analysis tool Atlas.ti version 8.4.3. Journalistic community managers have quite varied functions and are in constant evolution. The perception that the quality of content published on social media has more weight than results (in the form of clicks and interactions) prevails in an environment where information is consumed at high speed, and where competence is more difficult to discern. Journalism does not have to turn to social media only as simple intermediaries for official websites; it must build up a community of users interested in the media and the current topics being disseminated. Despite communicative noise, digital platforms are perceived as positive and as an effective tool for the medium, keeping the audience informed through the community manager's daily management as the voice of the medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current online communication disintegrates linear time and supports the simultaneous. Fast online communication also accelerates the 'offline' world - the world of business, transportation and so on. Thus, new temporal changes introduce disruption and desynchronisation of the old temporalities. The authors identify 4 risks caused by temporal desynchronisation: 1 - on the media level - desynchronisation between linear and simultaneous time. 2 - on the cognitive level - desynchronisation between fast time and limited cognitive capacity in humans. 3 - on the social level - desynchronisation between fast work time and slow time that we use for recreation, family life and so on. 4 - on the environmental level - desynchronisation between the fast economy and the slow regeneration of natural resources. The authors see a solution in antitemporalities, i.e. the ability to slow down fast time and switch between various time rhythms. However, we need to systematically learn how to use these anti-temporalities. The authors believe that the human mind needs quality cognitive training to be capable of slowing down and speeding up and thus switch efficiently between different time modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Printed editions of local press show significant resilience to the impact of the digital society within the Spanish market for printed publications. By number of mastheads and total circulation, these have proven to be the driving force of the Spanish press, as reflected on the number of deep-rooted centennial titles. Disaggregated analysis of their circulation data, using descriptive statistics applied to time series (2001-2018) data from OJD, strengthens the historic difference between the Northern and Southern regions of Spain, where the first one shows higher adaptability and a better fit with digital media consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mass Communication Research is the property of Guoli Zhengzhi Daxue Xinwenxue Yanjiusuo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of digital media enables entrepreneurs to develop their startups in strategic manner. However, how entrepreneurs develop their identity through digital media is currently underexplored. Therefore, our focus is on how entrepreneurs describe and reflect on their communication with their audiences over digital media and, in turn, how that shapes their becoming as entrepreneurs. Our empirical data consists of 29 qualitative interviews and close observations in the start-up incubator neudeli at the Bauhaus-University Weimar. Through our analysis we show how the practice of strategic sparring and the practice of brand co-creation facilitate the development towards three alternative identity types, which are "solution-driven", "purpose-driven" and "lifestyle-driven" identity. Ultimately, our study highlights how media management can be seen as a practice of self through communication over digital media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a discourse analysis of four digital media press in Chile with regard to mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The research, unprecedented for the Chilean case, is aimed at acknowledging the news framings by means of which climate change is communicated, since the media are the main source of information on climate change for decision makers and citizens. The results show that the primary definers of the topic are the governmental actors of national level and the invisibilization of individuals and civil organizations in the process. Thus, we see a high degree of consensus between the visible actors with regard to the framing of economic opportunity and the absence of framings of critical ecology. The conclusions point that this imbalance might influence a design of public policies with a technocratic bias, losing the possibility of building an integral vision of the development of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new millennium, newspapers in Brazil, France, and the United States have transformed their digital editions to facilitate reader participation and exchange. This research explores how these venues were used by readers to discuss 9/11/01. Over ten years have passed since September 11, 2001 in which the events have been interpreted and reinterpreted over time. Drawing data from 2001 and 2011, the analysis compares immediate understandings of the events with similar commentary on the anniversary a decade later. The data are drawn from three internationally recognized newspapers:O Estado de São Paulo,Le Monde, andThe New York Times. This study examines differing interpretations of the events from both longitudinal and comparative cultural perspectives. Using a comparative case study approach, the research explores how Brazilian, French, and Americans congregate in digital spaces to debate September 11th in 2001 and again in 2011. In comparing the discourse in each forum, the study identifies commonalities and differences across the three case studies. The work explores how ideological discourse is used in the immediate aftermath of 9/11/01 and ten years later in 2011. In so doing, the work sheds light on the stability and enduring nature of identity work and identity categories in digital discourse fora. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The prolific rise of Chinese non-governmental organizations (NGOs) for advancing social and political change has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Nonetheless, limited communication studies research has been conducted to further contemporary understanding of these emerging collectives, particularly beyond the popular hype of digital and social media-led “revolutions” in civic engagement or dystopian accounts of Chinese society. This paper reviews the key contours of communication scholarship on Chinese NGOs and highlights the major contributions of the articles in this special issue. We also propose three dialectical tensions to stimulate future research in mediated Chinese NGO organizing, and to help advance the communicative purposes, practices and prospects of Chinese NGOs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, we conceive of digital media as embedded within social networks, and use this perspective to examine the role of online communications in collective action. We claim that the adoption of this perspective requires two shifts: first, rethinking the ontological separation between media and social networks of action that has, sofar, characterized research in this domain; second, the adoption of flexible tools that enable us to account, simultaneously, for the multiplicity of relations underpinning collective efforts and the hybrid interplay between direct and technology-mediated interactions. After discussing the necessity and the implications of considering communication technologies as endogenous to social networks of collective action, we introduce multidimensional networks (MDNs) as a suitable perspective to advance the application of a relational approach to the study of collective action, thus meeting the challenges posed by the diffusion of interactive and networking digital media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the current state of collecting with emphasis on small, independent and local digital media for the purpose of exploring librarians' tools to develop unique collections with these types of cultural products included. Design/methodology/approach - This conceptual paper is based on examination of the current state of publishing and digital media, of case profiles of independent digital content providers, of case profiles of public libraries using digital media to expand collections and of collection developers' tools, including reviewing sources. Findings - With regard to expanding collections from small, independent and local digital content providers, user-generated content (UGC) is offered as a tool for collection developers to use alongside other traditional reviewing sources. UGC allows for embedding collective voices into collection development practices to capture digital cultural products from these providers. Originality/value - This paper reflects on the current state of digital content creation and publishing, including the limitations and possibilities in place for the future of public library collections from both large publishing companies and smaller media creators. Non-traditional digital media are cultural products produced for consumption and reception; therefore, we consider how these materials fit into contemporary collections, how they are connected to public libraries and subsequently are made available to library users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the study of manuscript during the early part of the 21st century as a method of philology. It mentions that the study of manuscript as a component of philology is closely related to the emergence off digital humanities and on the collaboration between digital media specialists and philologists.

In every age people have created and adopted new technologies. As those technologies have become widely accepted in a society, specific values and assumptions inherent in them begin to shape those who integrate them into their lives. This article addresses how the widespread adoption of new digital media by adolescents and emerging adults in the last decade has cultivated a passion for efficiency, immediacy, and constant connectivity. These longings might be making it more difficult for adolescents and emerging adults to practice such traditional spiritual disciplines as solitude, silence, and meditation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent digital transformations of the media landscape have altered media economics. Media outlets are experiencing a decline in newspaper circulation and are struggling to develop new revenue streams within digital media. Newspaper publishers are accustomed to a two-sided revenue model geared towards readers and advertisers. In digital publishing, such two-sided revenue models must be further developed. This article describes a model in which journalistic content functions as an engine for digital traffic, and how that market position is used to promote other commercial digital services. Unlike earlier advertising models, the media company itself has become both the advertiser and the owner of the promoted services. This article's contribution is a description of how new revenue streams are being developed around digital journalistic products. A case study of the Schibsted Media Group, including examples from the media outlets VG (Norway) and Aftonbladet (Sweden), is used here as the empirical source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the changing role of the media for minority languages in the context of the development of the digital media market. Media use in minority languages is affected by the position of the language in a growing digital market. The role of the media in daily language use is assessed against a development whereby digital media play an ever greater role due to increased daily usage of media. The asymmetric position of minority languages makes them particularly vulnerable to unfavourable changes in the media landscape. Internet-based and mobile digital media are likely to introduce such changes. The key question addressed in this article is whether the media landscape in its new form can maintain its institutional capacity to embrace and serve minority languages, and under what conditions. How are the intentions that are inherent in international policy instruments for the protection and promotion of minority languages served if these instruments are not applied according to the requirements set by the new conditions? The article calls for measures to balance the negative effects of the digital changes on minority languages by strengthening policy measures in this field. The empirical focus of the article leans towards developments in Western Europe, with a view towards examples elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile phone as the fifth media shows its strong development strength. Mobile news media as a marriage of traditional media and telecom the results of the current revenue situation is the best digital media publications, but also the development of the best mobile media business. From July 2004 the official birth of CMCC mobile phone was reported to have been launched nationwide in 2013 reported that about 1,5000 mobile species. Mobile phone reported to the rapid development in the country, but in actual operations, there are some problems. In this regard, we will analyze the form of questionnaires and be explored, to better meet the Mobile News audience needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) experience distressing changes in body perception. However representing body perception is a challenge. A digital media tool for communicating body perception disturbances was developed. A proof of concept study evaluating the acceptability of the application for patients to communicate their body perception is reported in this methods paper. Thirteen CRPS participants admitted to a 2-week inpatient rehabilitation program used the application in a consultation with a research nurse. Audio recordings were made of the process and a structured questionnaire was administered to capture experiences of using the tool. Participants produced powerful images of disturbances in their body perception. All reported the tool acceptable for communicating their body perception. Participants described the positive impact of now seeing an image they had previously only imagined and could now convey to others. The application has provided a novel way for communicating perceptions that are otherwise difficult to convey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes some of the future directions the "Journal of Media Economics" might take to remain essential in the economics of media for the next 25 years. Media markets around the globe are evolving rapidly and are said to be classified in two broad categories. The first category includes traditional media markets, whereas the other includes digital media markets.

Peace journalism (PJ) is a globally distributed reform movement as well as an emerging field in scholarly research. The impetus behind many civil society initiatives has been an assumption that individual reporters and editors could change the content of the news they produce about conflict, if only they were sensitised to peace perspectives, and assisted in developing critical self-awareness, through exposure to advocacy and training. This assumption begs to be examined in light of scholarly debates over structure and agency, in which the influence of individual journalists is compared with other sources, or levels of influence: from the economic circumstances of news production, through professional norms and routines, to the overarching ideological and political contexts in which journalism is written, disseminated and consumed. There are, however, fragmentary indications at least, from individual examples, that journalists who take part in PJ training can then succeed in finding or creating scope to implement it, by making use of the expanded opportunities afforded by digital media. These indications invite further exploration to ascertain the extent of scope for implementation, and thereby inform assessments of the potential for effective peace-building interventions through peace journalism as a factor in media development aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MATRIZes is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The focus on electronic media as placed resources in this Introduction to this special issue draws attention to the varied and specific ways that media resources are taken hold of in divergent social settings. We argue that communicative resources of all kinds, in their uses and functions, are shaped by context and place, and we examine what that means for people engaging with new media resources, particularly people who are not part of the global mainstream. The case is made that research needs to take account of the specificity, affordances and limits of place, conceived both in geographic terms and as social sites that are shaped by politics, history, economics and cultural practices. At the same time, research has to pay attention to ways that electronic media offer translocal resources and practices for engagement. Digital media exist in the local and offer agency to users in the papers presented here, but not without the constraints that mark their status as persons located on the globalised periphery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ileti-s-im is the property of Universite Galatasaray, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Some see the internet as a means of exposure to divergent perspectives, while others believe that it is likely to foster echo chambers. We agree that it is important to attend to these possibilities, but we find that this discussion is often framed inappropriately. Drawing on a unique panel survey of the online practices and civic and political engagement of youth (aged 16–21), we find that most youth do not report exposure to echo chambers or divergent perspectives. Rather, most report either being exposed to views that both align with and diverge from their own, or they report not interacting with others about their views on societal issues at all. We also find that particular forms of online participatory activity, digital media literacy activities, and political interest are related to increased reports of exposure to diverse perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper discusses the evolution of optical networks from foundational data transport utilities and infrastructure to true enablers of next-generation services and facilities, specifically diverse rich digital media services, which are being produced, processed, and consumed by an increasingly sophisticated variety of end users. This evolution has been enabled by several major recent advances in optical networking, including the deployment of high-speed optical connections from core networks to enterprise and residential users; the dramatic increase in optical signal speed and reach; and the improvement in control and management planes to support increasingly diverse types of traffic and services. We describe two distinctive areas of broad impact of optical network technologies related to rich media services: high-resolution scientific visualization and high-quality, real-time consumer-driven media production and distribution. Finally, we discuss key trends that may develop next as optical networks further evolve shaped by both rich digital media service requirement and technology innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article has two objectives. The first is to conceptualise digital media literacy as a multi-dimensional concept by differentiating media content from media device. A broad range of skills is required to use digital media, and each dimension can be clarified by separating the device from the content. The second goal is to relate social exclusion to digital media literacy. How people use digital technology has long-term outcomes that could be either beneficial or disadvantageous. In the first part of the article, the multi-dimensional aspect of digital media literacy is discussed. Dimensions include the abilities to access, understand and create both in the area of device and content. The second part of the article discusses how social exclusion is related mostly to the third dimension of digital media literacy: the ability to create and participate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista FAMECOS - Mídia, Cultura e Tecnologia is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Industry architecture and business models in the broadcasting industry are being increasingly transformed by digitization and convergence. While technology and policy have lowered entry barriers for new competitors in today's media ecosystem, incumbents are deploying strategies for preserving market power and reinventing bottlenecks. This article analyzes the impact of digitization on industry architectures and emphasizes one of most obvious strategies deployed in the digital broadcasting industry, i.e. the development of conditional access systems for digital television content. It is argued that this strategy contrasts the rise of open access platforms in other creative content industries such as in music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the concept and results of the research project 'Engineer Your Sound!' (2008-2009). It aimed at exploring whether interdisciplinary, innovative teaching/learning settings in the fields of technology and digital media can be used to give pupils the opportunities to experiment and discover their technical potential, skills, interests and talents and if music technology could offer such an appealing context. The paper explains how technology and why gender need to be addressed when planning to raise young people's interest in technology but questions if interest in technology is mainly influenced by gender. The paper explores through ethnographic research how pupils' technological competencies and interests have developed during the course of a technology-related project. Results of the analysis explain how music technology can serve as a suitable theme with the potential to increase both males' and females' interest in technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study analyzed quantitative and qualitative data to examine the role of computer-mediated communication (CMC) during social movement activities in 2006 at a university for the Deaf and hard-of-hearing. We applied Garrett's framework and focussed on aspects of the mobilizing structures component of social activism, which involves the mechanism that enables people to organize and engage in collective action. Employing a snowball sampling method, we report the data provided by 540 CMC users who said they were in some way engaged in the university conflict. These findings reinforce the escalating role of CMC in activism with the respondents using, trusting, and depending most on CMC for information about the conflict. Moreover, blogging was at the forefront of the subjects' communication activities. Subjects depended on blogs more than any other CMC activity to communicate about the conflict, and they said they trusted blogs more than any other source of information. Blogs and vlogs frequently were cited as contributing to a sense of collective identity throughout the conflict. Blogging also emerged as a communication tool important to the Deaf and hard-of-hearing subjects. The findings support the decline of traditional media in terms of use and trust for conflict information, although respondents reported that interpersonal communication was important to them as information about the conflict was being exchanged. This study suggests that private CMC is impinging on face-to-face interaction, and public CMC increasingly is encroaching on the public square. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overall, throughout this paper, I demonstrate the value and importance of the status of social networking in mainstream news journalism, democratic publicness, online social networks, the digital media ecosystem, and the increasing predominance of digital technologies and computer-mediated communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the Internet and the future of news. The article cites the rapid increase in the use of the Internet and makes a comparison with the telephone and television in how long it took for each medium to develop 13 million users. Internet use reached the same level of users in a fraction of the time it took the others. The article also notes that the Internet has caused dramatic changes in nearly every industry and aspect of society. Digital media offers instant access to news and information in a way that other mediums can't match.

The realm of digital media is undergoing fundamental changes as it moves from mass media to an era of mass participation. This emergence of content created by the masses requires to re-consider the conventional intellectual property rights framework. Free content and protected content co-exist (in the Dark/Light Web). We propose an alternative environment for the governance of digital content. It incorporates psychological aspects into its economics framework. Multi-agent systems play an important role in order to create an infrastructure that makes the voluntary-based environment sustainable. We propose a platform based on an open contracts design that encourages voluntary payments. Peer-based reputation and recommendation mechanisms as well as socio-emotive instruments facilitate norm adherence in this online environment. They leverage the efficiency of alternative voluntary payment models based on fairness concerns and reciprocity. The envisioned platform matches Dark Web content to consumers who value it highly, provides Dark Web content creators with a basic reward for their work and reduces the infringement of protected content in the Dark Web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New scholarly resources are undoubtedly helping to change the methods of inquiry in media history and the humanities more broadly. However, this essay raises the question of the ways in which they are also helping to change the substance of that inquiry. Any satisfying approach to this issue must entail multiple strands. The author uses an analogy to the field of particle physics to illustrate the multiple issues this question raises and to suggest some possible answers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on the current state of digital communication studies in the context of mass communication research. The objectives of the article are: 1) to characterize the enunciators and the contents of scientific conversations about digital communication; and 2) to sketch a map of possible interlocutors who might enrich this new research field. After quickly exploring the paradigms of mass communication studies, the article deals with the main theoretical conversations about digital communication. The second part of the article describes the transformations that the appearance of digital technology has generated in communication processes. The article concludes with an agenda of the main issues and partners that theoretical conversations about digital communication should include. The article analyzes the constitution of a new scientific field and describes the process that may, in the future, lead to the creation of a theory of digital communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uses and gratifications approach has been useful in explaining media use by individuals. However, it has been limited in that the use of a medium has always been considered independently from other media options available and from use trends occurring at the level of a population. The theory of the niche has been used to partially overcome these limitations by examining uses and gratification concepts in the context of media competition; but, up to this point, it has only been used to explain trends at the system level. Through the introduction of repertoire niches, the present article extends the theory of the niche by examining competition at the level of the individual within the resource space of his/her media repertoire. Results indicate that repertoire niche dimensions of breadth, overlap, and superiority have some predictive power over media use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Art that uses non-traditional media and emerging technologies, specifically the electronic or digital, has the potential to create and nurture a distinctive public space for the articulation of alternative Maori world-views. Although a growing number of publications focus on contemporary Maori art practice, no specific attention has yet been given to the swelling numbers of Maori practitioners operating in the field of digital media. This essay contextualises the author's research in the wider framework of Maori digital art and seeks to explain a Maori creative practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses how digital media redefine the boundaries of the political public sphere. Against the mainstream assumption of a new emancipatory potential of the digital media, which strengthens the participatory and interactive elements of the public sphere, it is argued that digital media introduce a new representative order of political communication. In this sense, there is a need to conceptualise the digital public sphere in relation to political representation. Digital media do not straightforwardly unbound political communication in replacing the representativeness of the national public sphere. The performance of the Internet in promoting political communication remains rather limited and, by and large, continues to reproduce the national public sphere. At the same time, the digital media have multiplied the symbolism of representation, which is continuously in the making, by providing new offers for the identification of publicness through shared problems and solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Must the concept of the study of new media seem so thoroughly ordinary? What does it mean to study new media other than to study media that exist now? Prompted by the 10th anniversary of New Media & Society, this article aims to help rethink and elongate the history of new media studies by merging new media studies and media history literatures. The recursive definition and use of the term 'new media' are reviewed. New media need to be understood not as emerging digital communication technologies, so much as media with uncertain terms and uses. Moreover, by recognizing that new media studies quickly become history and that most media history is already new media history, this article calls for a use of both literatures to focus on the renewable nature of media in history. It reflects on a complementary attitude toward history meant to help usher in a sounder future of the study of the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that media studies needs to be upgraded to reflect contemporary changes in digital media. It argues that media studies was a product and reflection of the broadcast-era of media, being formed in and analysing a specific historical period of media production, distribution and consumption. The rise of digital media, the transformation of 'old' media into a digital form and ongoing developments in digital technology take us into a post-broadcast era, defined by new alignments of productive and distributive power and media consumption and use. This requires an upgraded Media Studies 2.0, marked by the revision and updating of existing disciplinary knowledge; the foregrounding of contemporary changes and the development of new categories and concepts to understand these, and the open-sourcing of the discipline itself - laying open its foundation, assumptions and biases to enable its public to continually rewrite and improve its knowledge, to ensure its continued relevance in a rapidly changing era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was (a) to research the impact of electronic communication on the role of the principal and school leaders and (b) to investigate patterns of unanticipated consequences or phenomena that have developed within the organization along with the widespread use of electronic media. Twelve themes were identified and grouped into two main categories of the principal's role and computer-mediated communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]