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The paper tries to apply the Butterworth low-pass filter to inertial navigation system (INS) data processing. A set of INS heading data of a practical example has been calculated and the filtering tested. This filtering method is used to examine the correction of the results made by Guo and Wang. Based on the discrete Fourier transformation and the digital filter design technique, a Butterworth low-pass digital filter has been designed and performed to process INS heading raw data. The design of a special Butterworth filter includes determination of the technical specification of the filter and of the response function in the time domain or the frequency domain (determination of the order and cutoff frequency of the digital filter). For the high-frequency noise of INS raw data, a Butterworth low-pass filter has been designed to obtain a more accurate INS heading. The choice of the parameters and orders of the filter is also discussed in the paper. Finally, an example of INS heading data calculation is presented. The signal-processing TOOLBOX of MATLAB software is used for calculating and mapping the results. The result (RMS) is at the level of 0.01°. The method described here is simpler than Kalman filtering or the smoothing method and has sufficient accuracy for INS processing. It also provides ideas for some other series of raw data with high-frequency noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the complex coefficient transfer function with transmission zeros on the imaginary axis and presents a method to realize such a transfer function by a reactance network including imaginary resistors with double resistor termination. Using the obtained network and the reference network for the complex-wave digital filter, the complex digital filter with transmission zeros on the imaginary axis can easily be extended, which is important in practice. In this paper, Brune's method modified by Belevitch as well as Fujisawa's method extended by Morimoto et. al. are improved and the realizability condition is relaxed. Then, several construction examples are shown an the features of construction methods are compared and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the design of transmitter and receiver FIR digital filters with partial response of class II and V for data transmission, The filters are required to band-limit the transmitting and receiving signal, while maintaining the overall impulse response with zero intersymbol interference (ISI). Two cases are considered: 1) the case where the transmitter itself has the zero ISI impulse response; and 2) the case where the transmitter and receiver filters are matched. In the former, the length of the filter is set to be equal to the number of samples between two zero-cross points, which are at a certain symmetrical distance from the center of the ideal impulse response. Then a linear-phase transfer function is derived with an equiripple approximation to the ideal amplitude frequency response. In the approxiamtion, the weight in the stopband is set as less than 1, and ISI of less than 1 percent is obtained. In the design of the matched filter pair, the overall order is set in the same way as in the former. Applying the Herrman-Schuessler design method for the minimum phase-shift filter in the frequency domain, the transfer function is derived. To realize ISI of less than 1 percent, it suffices to set the weight in the stopband less than 5 times in the passband. Although an effort was made to decrease ISI by successive approximation with the mirror zeros as the parameters, only a slight improvement was obtained. In either case, class V requires approximately a twice higher order than class II to realize the same attenuation and ISI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the optimal design for the separable-denominator two-dimensional digital filter, using the genetic algorithm (GA). The design proposed is for the specification in the frequency domain. The simple GA, which is the most basic among GA, is used in the proposed optimal design. The parameters of the transfer function of the separable-denominator two-dimensional digital filter are encoded into bit sequences, and then GA is applied to design the filter. By the use of the separable-denominator transfer function, the stability of the filter is completely guaranteed. The approximation error of the proposed method is compared to that of the conventional method through design examples. The convergence of GA is discussed. It is shown that the proposed optimal design can easily cope with the modification of the design specification of the two-dimensional digital filter. It is shown also that the filter can be designer using the maximum error or the absolute error sum as the error evaluation function in addition to the mean-square error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses error spectrum shaping for 2D state-space digital filters. In order to reduce cost by reducing the total number of parameters, a method of analytic design is proposed in which the error feedback coefficient is specified by a diagonal matrix. The proposed algorithm has the feature that the optimal error feedback coefficient can be designed analytically in closed form by minimizing a quadratic form. The validity of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated with a numerical example. The noise reduction effect where the subdecimal part of the optimal coefficient is rounded by the power of 2 is also demonstrated. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 81(1): 79–90, 1998 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a method of realizing arbitrary complex coefficient transfer functions with complex double resistively terminated lossless filters as the reference network for complex wave digital filters (CWDFs). For this purpose, the Darlington synthesis method, which is known for realizing arbitrary real coefficient transfer functions, is expanded into the complex domain. Furthermore, a new construction method for a digital adapter without a delay-free loop is presented. Finally, a complex coefficient transfer function using some realization method is constructed and the validity of the proposed method is confirmed. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 80(2): 12–23, 1997 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed arithmetic (DA)-based implementation of linear filters relies on the linear nature of this operation and has been suggested as a multiplication free solution. In this work, we introduce a nonlinear extension of linear filters optimizing under mean-square error criterion the memory function [(MF) multi- variate Boolean function with not only binary output] which is in the core of DA based implementation. Such an extension will improve the filtering of noise which may contain non-Gaussian components without increasing the complexity of implementation. Experiments on real images have shown the superiority of the pro- posed filters over the optimal linear filters. Different versions of these filters are also considered for an impulsive noise removal, faster processing, and filtering using large input data windows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a method for designing and implementing quadratic correlation filters (QCFs) for shift-invariant target detection in imagery. The QCFs are a quadratic classifier that operates directly on the image data without feature extraction or segmentation. In this sense, the QCFs retain The main advantages of conventional linear correlation filters while offering significant improvements in other respects. Not only is more processing required to detect peaks in the outputs of multiple linear filters, but choosing a winner among them is an error prone task. On the other hand, all channels in a QCF work together to optimize the same performance metric and produce a combined output that leads to considerable simplification of the postprocessing scheme. In addition, QCFs also yield better performance than their linear counterparts for comparable throughput requirements. Two different methods for designing basis functions that optimize the QCF performance criterion are presented. An efficient architecture for implementing QCFs is discussed along with a case study of the proposed approach for detecting targets in LADAR imagery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]