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Objective: To analyze the results of minimally invasive surgical treatment of patients with urgent colon diseases., Material and Methods: There were 89 patients with urgent colon diseases. All patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group - 31 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgeries, the control group - 58 patients operated via open access. Both groups were comparable by age and underlying disease. However, significant differences in gender, severity of comorbidities and complications of the underlying disease were observed., Results: Surgery time, postoperative morbidity (9.7% vs. 6.9%) and postoperative hospital-stay were similar in both groups. Quality of life was significantly better in the main group compared with the control group if colostomy was absent. In case of stoma, there were no between-group differences., Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is associated with reduced need for analgesics, similar duration of intervention and postoperative morbidity. Complete restoration of quality of life in these patients is observed in 6 months after surgery. Colostomy results similar quality of life after laparoscopic and open surgery.

Surgical treatment of 27 patients with chronic colostasis and dolichocolon was analyzed. Groups of patients with cologenic and proctogenic colostasis were defined, diagnostic criteria were formulated and optimal surgical tactics were described for each group. Short and long-term results were analyzed and proved to be excellent and satisfactory in majority of patients.

Method of the combined surgical treatment of patients with coloproctogenic constipation and dolichocolon and internal rectal prolapse had been worked out. The use of the suggested technique effectively prevents anorectal obstruction relapse.

Experience with treatment of 262 patients with late complications after operations for duodenal ulcer was analyzed. Eighty-four (32.1%) patients underwent earlier suturing of perforated duodenal ulcer, 97 (37.0%) -- resection of the stomach and 81 (30.9%) -- various types of vagotomy. In recurrent ulcers after sutured perforation organ-saving operations (62, or 73.8%) have important advantages over resection of the stomach. Combined postgastrectomy syndromes (18, or 18.6%) were most difficult for surgical treatment. Resection of the stomach (70, or 86.4%) patients is the best reconstructive operation for postvagotomy syndromes.

Results of surgical treatment without transfusion of donor's blood in 58 patients were compared with ones in 40 patients treated with allogenous transfusions. Blood-saving program included preoperative storage of autoplasma, acute normovolemic hemodilution, recombinant human erythropoietin and perftoran. Both groups of patients were similar by types of surgeries performed on gastrointestinal tract. Results of treatment in the study group (58 patients) were better: there were less postoperative complications; period of postoperative rehabilitation was shorter. It is demonstrated that it is possible to refuse allogenous hemotransfusion in 96.6% cases of traumatic surgeries on gastrointestinal tract.

The method of plastic repair of the duodenal stump with an invaginated cone formed from the antral part of resected stomach was developed experimentally on 10 cadavers. Experimental surgeries on 16 mongrel dogs demonstrated primary healing and fast epithelisation of this duodenal stump. The method was used in 2 patients with giant penetrating ulcers of the posterior wall of the duodenum, promising results were seen.

The authors propose a complex program aimed to refuse completely using donor's blood components in surgeries on organs of digestive tract. This method was used in 25 patients who underwent surgeries with 380-1500 ml of blood loss. No patients received transfusion of donor's blood components before, during and after surgery.