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Anenterotrema is a small genus of dicrocoeliids (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) containing 6 species found in Neotropical bats. Members of this genus are characterized by the lack of digestive system organs and, unlike the majority of dicrocoeliids, parasitize the intestine of their definitive hosts. In this study, we have morphologically examined newly collected specimens belonging to four species of Anenterotrema from Brazil, Ecuador, and Panama. Based on the data in original descriptions and our analysis of quality new specimens, we resurrected Anenterotrema freitasi, previously synonymized with A. eduardocaballeroi. We also described a new species of Anenterotrema from Molossus molossus in the Brazilian Amazon. The new species differs from congeners in several morphological features, most prominently in the size and structure of its highly muscular, protuberant ventral sucker. It is also characterized by the lack of the semi-circular thickening of the tegument around the oral sucker typical for some members of the genus. We used partial DNA sequences of the large ribosomal subunit gene (28S) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) to test the monophyly of Anenterotrema, and study the interrelationships and determine the inter- and intraspecific variation of three Anenterotrema spp. collected from different bat species in Brazil, Ecuador and Panama.

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Dicrocoeliidae larval stages in Helix lucorum found in Eskişehir and Bartın provinces of Turkey. Snails were collected from the pastures of Eskişehir and Bartın. The snails were anesthetised with 50 mM sterilized magnesium chloride (MgCl2) before dissected. Internal organs of the snail, specifically hepatopancreas, were analysed with a stereomicroscope for sporocyst and cercaria. The larval forms were identified and monitored with a light microscope. The prevalence of Dicrocoeliidae larval stages in Helix lucorum in Eskişehir and Bartın was found to be 4.6% and 7.0%, respectively. Although cercariae in sporocysts were immature at the beginning of May, they began to grow and leave the sporocysts in the middle of May. It was understood that Helix lucorum served as an intermediate host to Dicrocoeliid trematodes in Eskişehir and Bartın provinces of Turkey., This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Dicrocoeliidae larval stages in Helix lucorum found in Eskisehir and Bartin provinces of Turkey. Snails were collected from the pastures of Eskisehir and Bartin. The snails were anesthetised with 50 mM sterilized magnesium chloride (MgCl2) before being dissected. Internal organs of the snail, specifically hepatopancreas, were analysed with a stereomicroscope in terms of sporocyst and cercaria.The larval forms were identified and monitored with a light microscope. The prevalence of Dicrocoeliidae larval stages in Helix lucorum in Eskisehir and Bartin was found to be 4.6% and 7.0% respectively.Although cercariae in sporocysts were immature at the beginning of May, they began to grow and leave the sporocysts in the middle of May. It was understood that Helix lucorumserved as an intermediate host to Dicrocoeliid trematodes in Eskisehir and Bartin provinces of Turkey.

Parasite diagnostics were carried out on 11 Polish populations of Cepaea spp. In three of them, coming from the roadside ditches of a village (Rytel, northern Poland), very high (up to 60%) prevalence of Brachylaima mesostoma was observed. This study provides the first molecular evidence of the presence of B. mesostoma inside Cepaea spp. in Europe. In a few snails from a population found in a private garden in a small town (Chełmża, northern Poland), larvae of Brachylecithum sp. were present. Cercariae and/or metacercariae of B. mesostoma were observed in both species of Cepaea: C. hortensis and C. nemoralis, whereas larvae of Brachylecithum sp. were found only in C. nemoralis. Both species of parasites inhabited snail hepatopancreas whose structure was significantly damaged by larvae. There was no significant connection between parasite invasion and snail host morphotype. The research did not allow the reasons for the high prevalence of B. mesostoma in Cepaea spp. to be explained, and also did not explicitly indicate how the parasite invaded Cepaea spp. individuals making them, at the same time a second intermediate host. However, it poses important questions about the life cycle of the parasite that may threaten extensively kept small-size farms of poultry.

Lyperosomum Looss, 1899 is one of the largest genera of the Dicrocoeliidae and is one of the best examples of the systematic complexity and taxonomic instability within this family. We present the molecular analyses based on novel sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial genes obtained from 56 isolates of adult flukes and larval stages of dicrocoeliids belonging to Lyperosomum, Skrjabinus, Zonorchis as well as previously available sequence data. According to obtained results we propose to return Zonorchis clathratus and Z. petiolatus into Lyperosomum, and to recognize L. alagesi as a synonym of L. petiolatum. Our study shows that L. petiolatum commonly occurs in Europe in corvids as well as in several species of migratory songbirds, e.g. Sylvia atricapilla. At the same time, the Turdidae appear to host a distinct species of Lyperosomum. The phylogenetic analysis has clearly demonstrated the paraphylepic nature of Lyperosomum and indicated the need of its thorough revision preferably using specimens from type hosts and type territories of nominal species. In addition, inclusion of numerous not yet sequenced dicrocoeliid genera into future phylogenetic studies is necessary to clarify the interrelationships of taxa within the family and stabilize its system., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Significant discord exists between molecular data and current taxonomy of Lyperosomum. • Phylogenetic relationships of Lyperosomum, Skrjabinus and Zonorchis were studied. • Lyperosomum is a paraphyletic taxon. • Re-evaluation of morphological criteria used in dicrocoeliid systematics is needed. • Life cycle of Lyperosomum petiolatum is elucidated for the first time in the nature.

Calismanin amaci: Bu calismada, Kastamonu’da dagilis gosteren kara salyangozu Xerolenta obvia (Menke, 1828)’daki Dicrocoeliid larval safhalarinin yayginliginin tespit edilmesi ve bu safhalarin (sporokist ve serkarya) morfolojik ozelliklerinin arastirilmasi amaclanmistir. Materyal ve Yontem: X. obvia ornekleri 2016 yilinin ilkbahar (Nisan ve Mayis) ve sonbahar (Ekim ve Kasim) aylarinda yagmurdan sonra Kastamonu ili cevresinden toplanmistir. Canli iken diseke edilip, hepatopankreaslari cikarilmis ve %0.6’li k NaCl sol usyonu iceren temiz kucuk cam tuplere yerlestirilmistir. Bir igne kullanilarak hepatopankreaslari diseke edilmis ve parazitin canli haldeki larval safhalarini arastirmak icin sivi bir lamin uzerine ince bir tabaka seklinde yayilmistir. Dicrocoeliid larval safhalari (sporokist ve serkarya) isik mikroskobuyla gozlemlenerek %5’lik formalinle tespit edilmis ve Semichon ’s acetocarmine ile boyanmistir. Orneklerin bir kismi scanning elektron mikroskobu arastirmalari icin hazirlanmistir. Sonuclar: X. obvia ’nin Dicrocoeliidae familyasinin yas am d ongusune ara konaklik yaptigi Turkiye’den ilk kez rapor edilmistir. Kastamonu’da enfeksiyonun yayginligi %0.78’dir ve en yuksek oldugu ay Nisan’dir. Arastirma vurgulari: Salyangozlar, ozellikle otcul hayvanlarin otladigi koyler ve ciftliklerin civarindaki meralardan toplandigi icin tespit edilen larval safhalarin ozellikle Dicrocoelium dendriticum ’a ait olabilecegi kanaatine varilmistir. Meralardan toplanan salyangozlarda bu trematod parazitinin larval donemlerinin varligi, kesin konak hayvanlar icin bir risk teskil etmektedir.

Distribution of trematodes of the species Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1899 (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) parasitizing cattle (Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758), sheep (Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758) and goat (Capra aegagrus hircus Linnaeus, 1758) was studied in the Poltava and Kirovohrad regions of Ukraine. The recorded prevalence of infection is 26.9 % in cattle, 28.42 % in sheep and 24.5 % in goat. D. dendriticum is the only species of the genus Dicrocoelium which infects domestic animals in the central regions of Ukraine. The trematodes obtained from cattle are significantly different from those isolated from sheep and goat by length, width and area of body, and length of vitelline ducts.

Summary Chrysocyon brachyurus, the largest South American canid, is a native species of the Brazilian cerrado. The present study is aimed to report the occurrence of the trematode, Athesmia foxi, in the liver of a new host, C. brachyurus, and to describe its morphology and pathology. One C. brachyurus individual was necropsied and examined for the presence of parasites. Worms were collected from the bile ducts and based on morphological and morphometrical characteristics, such as a relatively large, slender, aspinose, elongated shape with vitellarium present on the upper left side of the body were identified as A. foxi. On the host, hepatic lesions limited to the bile ducts and periportal regions, were characterized as chronic-active cholangitis, biliary hyperplasia, and fibrosis. This is the first report of A. foxi parasitizing C. brachyurus, demonstrating that this parasite has no host specificity and can be widely distributed. A. foxi lesions noted in C. brachyurus are similar to those noted in various other mammalian hosts.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of larval-stage Dicrocoeliidae trematodes in Helix lucorum, a land snail found in Van Province. METHODS Helix lucorum snails were collected in April, May, and June 2017 from Edremit and Gevas, the central districts of Van Province, especially from natural areas where ruminants predominate. The snails were anesthetized with magnesium chloride, were removed from their shells, and their digestive glands were disrupted. The disrupted parts were examined under a microscope. RESULTS In Van Province, H. lucorum snails were found to be intermediate hosts for Dicrocoelium trematodes with a prevalence of 22%. The larval stages detected in the microscope are photographed and shown in detail. The number of infection with larval stages of the parasite was found to be highest in May. CONCLUSION Helix lucorum the land snail, serves as an intermediate host for some developmental stages of the Dicrocoeliid trematodes, is also consumed as nutrients by humans in some countries. Based on the obtained results in this study, it can be concluded that this snail would have important effects on animal health in the Van region which has a hard climate and a border with Iran.

We describe a new dicrocoeliid collected from the Eurasian water shrew Neomys fodiens in Bulgaria based on the combination of morphological characteristics and molecular data. Pojmanskatrema balcanica n. sp., n. gen. is distinguished from all other species of family Dicrocoeliidae Looss, 1900 in having a postovarian vitellarium situated in the posterior half of the body, postacetabular, nearly tandem, lobed testes, and relatively short body. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rDNA sequences of the new species and previously sequenced dicrocoeliid taxa has demonstrated close relationship of Pojmanskatrema n. gen. with the genus Eurytrema. Considering the non-monophyletic nature of previously recognized dicrocoeliid sub-families we support the recently proposed dissolution of the sub-families within this family.

The genus Brachylecithum was for the first time subject to molecular taxonomic phylogenetic analysis in order to ascertain relationships among its component taxa. We used two markers-the nuclear ribosomal 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene and the mitochondrial cox1 gene, for six species of the genus; 11 sequences of partial 28S rDNA and partial cox1 were obtained from adult B. capilliformis, B. glareoli, B. kakea, B. laniicola, B. lobatum, and B. strigis, and from larval stages obtained from snails of the genus Cepaea. We propose to synonymize B. strigis with B. lobatum, while the genetic differences in the 28S rDNA gene and mitochondrial cox1 gene confirm the species status of B. capilliformis and indicate a distinct group within Brachylecithum, including B. kakea and B. laniicola. Cercarial and metacercarial isolates from the snails showed 100 % similarity to B. lobatum; thus, it is the first record of Cepaea snails as intermediate hosts of this species and the first report on life cycle abbreviation within the Dicrocoeliidae.

Trematodes of the family Dicrocoeliidae commonly use terrestrial mollusks as the first intermediate host. Despite abundant studies on the adult worms in birds and mammals, few reports exist on their larval stage in snail intermediate hosts. A present survey of mollusks in Japan led us to the discovery of dicrocoeliid sporocysts with cercariae in 16 of 303 individuals, encompassing 8 snail species and 1 slug species. A DNA barcoding based on sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 showed that the larvae consisted of 5 species. Phylogenetic trees of nuclear 18S and 28S ribosomal DNAs confirmed the 5 species to be members of the Dicrocoeliidae. These were temporarily termed dicrocoeliid species 1 to 5, because conclusive identification was impossible without adult worms. These unknown species were phylogenetically related to each other, except for sp. 5. The phylogenetic trees demonstrated close genetic relationships between sp. 3 and the genus Lutztrema and between sp. 5 and the genus Lyperosomum. The phylogenetic analysis also suggests a possibility that the currently accepted macrotaxonomy of the Dicrocoeliidae is problematic, due to the paraphyly of the subfamilies Dicrocoeliinae and Leipertrematinae. Morphological characterization of the cercariae and their DNA barcodes provide a primary platform for differentiating dicrocoeliids from various mollusks in Japan. The DNA barcodes, in particular, will enable tracing the parasite life cycles, in case of finding metacercariae and adults from presently unknown hosts.

The Dicrocoeliidae is a highly diverse family of digeneans parasitic in amniotic tetrapods. Detailed molecular phylogenetic analysis of dicrocoeliids is lacking and only a few dicrocoeliids from mammals have been included in previous studies. Sequence data were previously absent for the Anenterotrematidae that shares several morphological characteristics with dicrocoeliids. We examined phylogenetic affinities of several newly sequenced (nuclear 28S rDNA) taxa of dicrocoeliids and anenterotrematids collected from small mammals in Ecuador, Panama, Peru, USA and Vietnam. Our analyses demonstrated that the two anenterotrematid genera (Anenterotrema, Apharyngotrema) belong to the Dicrocoeliidae, placing the Anenterotrematidae into synonymy with the Dicrocoeliidae. Molecular data combined with morphological examination of type and new specimens provided evidence that Parametadelphis and Apharyngotrema are junior synonyms of Metadelphis, with all Metadelphis species lacking a digestive system. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that reduction of the alimentary tract in Lutztrema and its loss in Anenterotrema and Metadelphis represent at least two independent evolutionary events. Genera Brachylecithum, Brachydistomum, and Lyperosomum proved to be non-monophyletic, each likely representing more than a single genus. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis did not support monophyly of the two largest subfamilies of the Dicrocoeliidae (Dicrocoeliinae and Leipertrematinae) with the other two subfamilies not included in this study. Therefore, we propose to abandon the current subfamily division of the Dicrocoeliidae. Analysis of host associations indicates multiple host-switching events throughout evolution of dicrocoeliids. Lastly, analysis of dicrocoeliid geographic distribution revealed that nearly all major clades included taxa from more than a single zoogeographic realm with the exception of the clade Anenterotrema + Metadelphis, found only in the Neotropics.

Four specimens of Skrjabinus skrjabini, were isolated from two out of 93 red-backed shrikes (Lanius collurio) examined during 1962–2012. The species have been re-described and the generic diagnosis amended. Eight species of the genus have been validated: S. aenigma, S. indicus, S. latus, S. pancreaticus, S. rarus, S. skrjabini, S. similis, and S. sp. of Oshmarin (1970). Others have been reclassified as Platynosomum (P. dicruri, P. gracile, and P. talischense with synonyms P. butei and S. sp. of Oshmarin (1963)) and Zonorchis (Z. francolini, and Z. petiolatus with synonyms S. biliosus, S. gvozdevi, S. popovi). Skrjabinus petrovi is a synonym of Brachydistomum ventricosum. Lubens lubens determited by Bhuta & Khan (1975) is a synonym of S. aenigma.

The male gametes of Brachylecithum eliomydis (Digenea, Dicrocoeliidae) a parasite of Eliomys querci-nus “the garden dormouse” caught in France were described by micrographs of transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM). The mature spermatozoon of B. eliomydis presents classical characteristics earlydescribed in digenean species such as the two axonemes of different lengths with the 9+“1” pattern ofthe trepaxonematan platyhelminthes, two bundles of parallel cortical microtubules, two mitochondria,a nucleus and granules of glycogen. Moreover, several characteristics, described in the spermatozoon ofB. eliomydis, vary within digenean taxa. Those are (1) the morphology of anterior and posterior sperma-tozoon extremities, (2) the external ornamentation of the plasma membrane and its association or notwith cortical microtubules, (3) the presence or absence of spine-like bodies and (4) the number of cor-tical microtubules and their organization into one or two parallel bundles. Using these four criteria, themorphology of themature spermatozoon B. eliomydis was compared to that other dicrocoellids,brachycoeliids, paragonimids and troglotrematids species described so far. The general morphology ofthe spermatozoon described in B. eliomydis, could characterize the family Dicrocoeliidae.© 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Lyperosomum sarothrurae Baer, 1959 is a rare dicrocoeliid described based on a single specimen from Belgian Congo, now Democratic Republic of the Congo, and never reported again. The original description lacked several important details of the species morphology. This work provides morphological redescription of Lyp. sarothrurae based on specimens from Kibale National Park, Uganda which is about 200 kilometres from the type locality. Results of re-examination of the holotype are also provided. Morphology of Lyp. sarothrurae shows some characteristics intermediate between those of the species rich genus Lyperosomum Looss, 1899 and Megacetabulum Oshmarin, 1964 that includes only 3 species. Due to the lack of clear morphological differences between the two genera, Megacetabulum is considered here as a junior synonym of Lyperosomum. Molecular phylogenetic analysis including Lyp. sarothrurae and all currently available partial sequences of the nuclear ribosomal 28S RNA gene of dicrocoeliid species is also included and its results are discussed

International audience; This work describes the first ultrastructural results on spermiogenesis and on the mature spermatozoon of Dicrocoelium hospes (Trematoda, Digenea) collected in Bos indicus from Senegal (Africa). Examination of this species was processed by TEM. Spermiogenesis follows the general pattern found in the digenean, but reveals a particularity consisting of the appearance of glycogen granules in the late spermatids within the testes. The mature spermatozoon possesses five distinct regions and presents all features found in Digenea gametes: two axonemes, mitochondria, nucleus and parallel cortical microtubules. However, several characters allow us to distinguish D. hospes from other digenetic trematodes within the Dicrocoeliidae family. In fact, we observed several structures that are absent in the other species of Dicrocoeliidae studied until now, such as: a cytoplasmic expansion, extramembranar ornamentation, spine-like bodies and two parallel mitochondria in the mature sperm. Moreover, additional particular characteristics were observed in this species in both extremities of the spermatozoon. This work produced new data on the ultrastructure of this trematode family which may be useful for phylogenetic purposes.

A new hepatic dicrocoeliid species, Brachylecithum mackoi n. sp. (Digenea, Dicrocoeliidae), is described from the European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus (L.) (Insectivora, Erinaceidae). An infected host was found in the Mediterranean island of Elba (Italy), and more than 60 individuals were isolated from the biliary ducts. The holotype and 55 paratypes were examined. Brachylecithum mackoi n. sp. differs from congeneric species found in mammal hosts by having well-developed lappets in the ventral sucker, a sloping uterus between anterior testis and acetabulum, no overlap between vitellaria, and metrical features in the body size, sucker diameters, cirrus sac, and size of eggs. The only other Brachylecithum species of erinaceids in Europe and Africa, Brachylecithum aetechini Dollfus, 1951, differs from the new species in the above-mentioned morphological characters, greater dimensions of the body, and oral sucker, pharynx, cirrus sac, and egg dimensions. The presence of B. mackoi n. sp. in Elba Island is discussed in the light of apparent host specificity of erinaceid dicrocoeliids and geographical distribution of Palearctic and Ethiopian Erinaceidae.

A new species and genus of digenetic trematode of the family Dicrocoeliidae is described from 2 species of grass mice, Akodon fumeus and Akodon mimus, both collected from an isolated area in the eastern part of the Andes mountains or Yungas of Bolivia. This species differs from all known dicrocoeliids in the unique disposition of the vitelline fields, the much less extensive uterus through the body of the worm (extending posteriad only just past the midline), and cecal branches that are generally conspicuous and lined with a thick layer of glandular epithelial tissue.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Dicrocoeliid larval stages in Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Pulmonata) living in the vicinity of Kastamonu. METHODS Snails were collected in the vicinity of Taskopru, Kastamonu in March, April, May 2013. They were dissected while alive and their hepatopankreas were removed and placed on clean glass slide with a drop of 0.6% NaCl solution. The hepatopankreas were incised with a mounted needle and a thin film of the hepatopankreas fluid was drown out on a slide for examination of live parasites. After examination, larval stages fixed in %70 alcohol, formaldehyde-ethyl alcohol, 10% formalin and bouin. RESULTS H. lucorum which is a land snail species has been reported for the first time being an intermediate host in the life cycle of Dicrocoeliid (Trematoda: Digenea) species with the prevalence of 27.6% from our country. Morphological and histological features of larval stages were determined. CONCLUSION H. lucorum is an intermediate host in the life cycle of Dicrocoeliid species. The prevalence of infection was highest in April. This land snail species is important for the health of animal and human.

International audience; The spermatological characteristics of Collyricloides massanae (Digenea: Collyriclidae), a parasite of Apodemus sylvaticus caught in France, were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. The mature sperm of C. massanae presents two axonemes of different lengths with the 9 + "1" pattern of the Trepaxonemata, two bundles of parallel cortical microtubules, external ornamentation of the plasma membrane, spine-like bodies, one mitochondrion, a nucleus and granules of glycogen. An analysis of spermatological organisation emphasised some differences between the mature spermatozoon of C. massanae and those reported in the Gorgoderoidea species studied to date, specially belonging to the families Dicrocoeliidae, Paragonimidae and Troglotrematidae. The ultrastructural criteria described in C. massanae such as the morphology of both anterior and posterior spermatozoon extremities, the association "external ornamentation+cortical microtubules", the type 2 of external ornamentation and the spine-like bodies would allow us to bring closer the Collyriclidae to Microphalloidea. However, further ultrastructural and molecular studies are needed particularly in the unexplored taxa in order to fully resolve the phylogenetic position of the Collyriclidae.

A checklist of digenetic trematodes found in molluscs from Brazil is presented based on 127 scientific articles published after a century of studies. To date 23 families, 35 genera and 46 species of trematodes were identified infecting 25 species of molluscs in the country. Another 36 species described in the collective-group Cercaria were found in 15 species of molluscs and have not yet been associated with the respective adult parasites. Larvae found in 20 species of molluscs and grouped into 10 cercarian types are also listed.

Caballerolecythus ibunamin. gen., n. sp. is described from the intestine of 2 species of rodents ( Liomys irroratus (Gray, 1868) and Peromyscus difficilis(Allen, 1891)) from Pinonal, El Carmen Tequexquitla, Tlaxcala state, Mexico. These specimens represent a new genus and a new species of Dicrocoeliinae by possession of an extremely short ceca (ending at equatorial level of ovary); vitelline follicles that begin posterior to these structures, without overlapping; and a body that is long and slender (length/width ratio 1:17-21). To the best of our knowledge, this combination of characters has not been reported in other genera of this subfamily (Athesmia Looss, 1899; Unilaterilecithum Oshmarin in Skrjabin and Evranova, 1952; and Pseu- dathesmia Travassos, 1942).

During a survey of birds from Argentina, two species of Digenea, one of them new, were found parasitizing the great antshrike, Taraba major (Vieillot) (Aves: Thamnophilidae). The strigeid, Strigea orbiculata sp. n. is characterized by having a body plump, a copulatory bursa without a membraneous fold ('Ringnapf'), entire testes, eggs with miracidia with eye-spots, by the arrangement of vitelline follicles in the forebody, which are densely distributed from its anterior edge, and by the absence of a neck region in the hindbody. Among the known Neotropical species of Strigea Abildgaard, 1790, only five share with Strigea orbiculata sp. n. the body shape and the distribution of vitelline follicles in the forebody: Strigea caluri Dubois, 1962, S. elliptica (Brandes, 1888), S. inflecta Lunaschi et Drago, 2012, S. nugax Szidat, 1928 and S. sphaerocephala (Westrumb, 1823 nec Brandes 1888). However, S. caluri can be easily distinguished by having a membraneous fold in the copulatory bursa originated from 'Ringnapf', and multilobed testes. Strigea elliptica differs mainly by having a well developed 'Ringnapf' and the remaining species differ principally by metrical characters. The dicrocoeliid, Lyperosomum oswaldoi (Travassos, 1919) is reported for the first time from Argentina and T. major represents its new definitive host. The host specificity of Neotropical Strigea spp. is discussed and an updated list of records of their hosts is provided., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

La faune helminthologique des insectivores du delta du Danube n'a jamais ete etudiee avant le present travail. Nos recherches ont porte tant sur la partie ukrainienne que roumaine du delta, et ont permis de recenser 33 especes d'helminthes provenant de cinq especes d'insectivores. Parmi elles, figure un nouveau Digene Dicrocoeliidae, Prosolecithus danubica, trouve dans le foie de Sorex araneus et Neomys anomalus. Le genre Prosolecithus comprend une autre espece, P. pellucidus (Pojmanska, 1957), decrite originellement sous le nom de Dicrocoelium pellucidum, et dont P. danubica differe par le rapport de taille des ventouses, la configuration des champs vitellins ainsi que par la taille des œufs. Une description illustree de la nouvelle espece, ainsi qu'une diagnose du genre sont donnees et nous commentons egalementl la variabilite morphologique de P. danubica, sa localisation dans l'hote, sa distribution dans le delta ainsi que sa pathogenicite

The interface Eurytrema coelomaticum/Bradybaena similaris was studied by quantifying the amount of glucose on the hemolymph and the content of glycogen in the cells of the digestive gland and the cephalopedal mass of infected and uninfected snails. Samples were analyzed on days 0, 30, 90 and 150 post-infection. The infected snails had less glucose in the hemolymph, with a reduction of 67.05 por cento at 30 days, and 62.09 por cento at 90 days post-infection. The reduction in glycogen content was 86.41 por cento in the digestive gland and 79.1 por cento in the cephalopedal mass at 30 days, and 92.71 por cento and 90.89 por cento in these organs respectively at 90 days post-infection. It is proposed that the sporocysts absorb glucose directly from the hemolymph.

Using available records, unpublished information retrieved from the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC) and published reports, a checklist of the recorded helminth parasites of endangered vertebrates from Brazil was generated. A total of 772 records and 186 helminth species (6 Acanthocephala, 83 Nematoda, 23 Cestoda, 64 Trematoda, 10 Monogenea) in 76 host species (7 Actinopterygii, 8 Chondrichthyes, 1 Amphibia, 10 Reptilia, 22 Aves, 28 Mammalia) from Brazil were listed in the present work, including 39 undetermined helminth species and 10 new host records. This is the first compilation of the helminth parasites of threatened vertebrates in Brazil and in the Neotropics.

A summary of the literature on the digeneans of amphibians and reptiles in Argentina is presented. This is the first compilation of 32 parasitological papers published from 1940 through 2006. This review includes 49 native species (11 frogs, 1 toad, 33 snakes, 2 turtles, 1 lizard and 1 crocodilian) and contains 42 species of adult digeneans belonging to 24 genera and 14 families as well as 5 genera of larval digeneans (metacercariae). Twenty-eight digenean species have been reported from reptiles and 14 from amphibians, of which 6 species (14.3%) were recorded as new species. The present review provides data on hosts, geographical distribution, site of infection, life cycle, the location of material deposited in Helminthological Collections and references for the parasite species arranged by Superfamilies. A host/parasite list is also provided.

A summary of the literature on the digeneans of wild mammals in Argentina is presented. This is the first compilation of 51 parasitological papers published from 1909 to present. This review includes 26 native species and two introduced species (1 Artiodactyla, 6 Carnivora, 6 Cetacea, 3 Chiroptera, 2 Didelphimorphia, 1 Primate, 8 Rodentia and 1 Lagomorpha) and contains 42 species of adult digeneans belonging to 32 genera and 18 families, of which 9 species (21%) were recorded as new species. The present review provides data on hosts, geographical distribution, site of infection, life cycle, the location of material deposited in Helminthological Collections and references for the parasite species arranged by families. A host/parasite list is also provided. In addition, Gymnoacetabulum n g. is proposed to replaced the genus Suttonia Lunaschi, 2002 (Lecithodendriidae) from bats, which is preoccupied by Suttonia Smith, 1953 (Perciformes, Serranidae).

Pojmanskia riosae (Digenea: Leucochloridiidae) and Lubens lubens (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) are described from the intestine and cloaca of the Chororó or Great Antshrike, Taraba major (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) from Formosa Province, Argentina. The finding of P. riosae constitutes the first record of the genus for South American birds and the first record in thamnophilid birds. The discovery of L. lubens in T. major represents a new host record and the first report of this species in Argentina. Moreover, Lubens phelpsi is synonymized with L. lubens., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

A helminthological investigation was carried out on the lacertid lizard, Gallotia atlantica (Peters and Doria, 1882) (Reptilia: Lacertidae) from Lanzarote, Canary Islands (Spain). One hundred and three digenean trematodes were found in the small intestine. Based on morphological and morphometric analysis of 35 specimens, it is concluded to be a new species which is here named Pseudoparadistomum yaizaensis gen. et sp. nov. referring to the locality where the hosts were caught. Pseudoparadistomum n.g. most closely resembles members of Paradistomum and Paradistomoidella, but is characterized by a V-shaped excretory vesicle, a spined tegument, and the position of the ovary relative to the testes.

Eleven specimens of a previously undescribed species of Athesmia Looss, 1899 were recovered from six clapper rails, Rallus longirostris Boddaert (Rallidae), collected from November, 1984 through October, 1995 from the Galveston, Texas area of the Gulf of Mexico. Species of Athesmia can be divided into two body types based on the posterior extent of the ceca relative to the vitelline field (vitellarium): the attilae type where the ceca may be uneven, but they both extend at least to near the level of the posterior margin of the vitelline field, or more commonly surpass the vitelline field posteriorly and the heterolechithodes type where the cecum on the side of the vitelline field terminates well above the posterior margin of the vitelline field, usually near its anterior extremity, while the cecum opposite the vitelline field extends at least to the level of the posterior margin of the vitelline field, or more commonly surpasses the vitelline field posteriorly. Athesmia ralli n. sp. is assigned to the attilae type. The new species is most similar to Athesmia butensis Petri, 1942, but differs from this species by having a longer space from posterior testis to ovary (600–790 compared to less than 200), which represent a larger percentage of the total body length (7–8% compared to 2%) and a larger maximum egg size (47 by 29 compared to 42 by 25). The new species further differs from A. butensis by having a somewhat larger body, a longer forebody and the vitelline field reaches posteriorly to the posterior third of the body in the new species but is confined to the middle third of the body in A. butensis. A key to species also is provided.

5 pages, 1 table, 2 figures.-- PMID: 1952698 [PubMed]., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1952698, [EN] The elimination of Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs in sheep faeces from 4 localities in the upper and middle Porma river basin was recorded at monthly intervals between March 1986 and March 1987. The faecal material was taken directly from the rectum of the animals (10 % of the flock in each village). The sedimentation technique and McMaster egg counting chambers were used to analyze the faecal samples. Of the 995 samples examined, 63.6 % contained D. dendriticum eggs and the number of eggs per gram (epg) varied from 33 to 5,340 (average 323.4 ± 18.5). The highest elimination rate was observed in winter, not only because of prevalence (90.5 %) but also because of the epg (average 726.6 ± 88.4). Prevalence of infection (from 61.5 to 65.4 %) was similar for all age groups, although the highest mean epg value (367.6 ± 50.9) was found in lambs., [FR] De mars 1986 à mars 1987, à intervalles mensuels, l’élimination d’œufs de Dicrocoelium dendriticum dans les fèces d’ovins a été mesurée dans 4 localités du bassin supérieur et central du fleuve Porma. Les matières fécales étaient prises directement au rectum des animaux (sur 10 % du troupeau d’ovins de chaque village). Les échantillons de fèces sont analysés selon la technique de sédimentation et les œufs comptés en cellule de McMaster. Des 995 échantillons examinés, 63,6 % contenaient des œufs D. dentriticum et le nombre d’œufs par gramme (opg) variait entre 33 et 5340 (moyenne 323,4 ± 18,5). Le niveau d’élimination le plus haut (prévalence et opg) était rencontré pendant I’hiver. La prévalence d’infestation (de 61,5 à 65,4 %) était similaire pour tous les groupes d’âge, bien que le niveau moyen le plus haut d’opg (367,6 ± 50,9) soit rencontré chez les agneaux., This study was supported by the Spanish CSIC (Project No. ID-608), the "Junta de Castilla y León" (Project No. 0701/89) and DGICYT (Project GAN89-0525).

Brachylecithum microtesticulatum Timon-David, 1955 etait connu de seulement trois exemplaires en mauvais etat trouves dans l’intestin anterieur d’un Goeland leucophee Larus cachinnans michaellis Naumann (syn. : L. argentatus michaellis ) de Provence (Ile de Riou). Les auteurs ont redecouvert ce parasite en grand nombre chez plusieurs de ces Oiseaux en Corse. Ils precisent les particularites morpho-anatomiques et metriques de ce Distome, ainsi que ses variations intraspeciflques. Le microhabitat d’election tres original de ce Ver adulte (canaux pancreatiques) distingue ce parasite des autres especes du genre Brachylecithum qui sont essentiellement infeodees aux canaux hepatiques ou a la vesicule biliaire de leur hote. La grande abondance des parasites chez un meme Oiseau se traduit par une obstruction plus ou moins importante des canaux pancreatiques pouvant conduire a une pancreatite de retention.

Three monogenetic and 23 digenetic trematodes of amphibians and reptiles are reported from Taiwan, 14 for the first time. One new family and genus and five new species of Digenea are described: Omphalometridae, Leurosoma taiwanense sp.n. from Bufo bufo bankorensis; Dicrocoeliidae, Paradistomum taiwanense sp.n. from Natrix stolata; Ocadiatrematidae, Ocadiatrema taiwanense fam. gen. et sp.n. from Ocadia sinensis; Lecithodendriidae, Prosthodendrium (Paralecithodendrium)taiwanense sp.n. from Ocadia sinensis; Pleurogenidae, Nenimandijea taiwanense sp.n. from Rana plancyi fukienensis.

Life cycle studies of Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) were attempted experimentally. The pulmonate gastropod Lamellaxis gracilis served as the first intermediate host; geckonid lizards (Cosymbotus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata, and Hemidactylus frenatus) served as definitive hosts. The life cycle of Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae) was studied in naturally infected first intermediate hosts (L. gracilis, Huttonella bicolor) and experimentally in geckonid definitive hosts (C. platyurus, G. mutilata, and H. frenatus). Some naturally infected L. gracilis were infected concurrently with larval stages of both digeneans. Second intermediate hosts, presumed to be arthropods, were experimentally unnecessary. Metacercariae of P. geckonum were not found. Cercariae of M. sociale formed encysted metacercariae in the same individual snails.