16 results on '"Taylor, R H"'
Search Results
2. Lack of effect of refining on the glycemic response to cereals.
- Author
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Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Barker HM, Fielden H, and Gassull MA
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Food Handling, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Male, Blood Glucose analysis, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Edible Grain
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The diabetic diet, dietary carbohydrate and differences in digestibility.
- Author
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Jenkins DJ, Taylor RH, and Wolever TM
- Subjects
- Blood Glucose analysis, Diabetes Mellitus blood, Diabetes Mellitus diet therapy, Digestion, Fabaceae, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Plants, Medicinal, Diet, Diabetic, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Slowly digested carbohydrate food improves impaired carbohydrate tolerance in patients with cirrhosis.
- Author
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Jenkins DJ, Thorne MJ, Taylor RH, Bloom SR, Sarson DL, Jenkins AL, and Blendis LM
- Subjects
- Blood Glucose metabolism, Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Mellitus metabolism, Female, Gastrointestinal Hormones blood, Humans, Hydrogen metabolism, Insulin blood, Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic complications, Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Diet, Diabetic, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic diet therapy
- Abstract
To test whether impaired carbohydrate tolerance in cirrhosis could be modified by dietary means ten cirrhotic patients, five of them taking insulin, took as breakfast either lentils or wholemeal bread and cottage cheese containing the same amount of carbohydrate and protein. Lentils resulted in significantly diminished blood glucose, insulin (in those not on insulin) and gastric inhibitory peptide responses. Enteroglucagon and neutrotensin levels were high with lentils, suggesting that absorption of lentil carbohydrate continued into the ileum with perhaps some malabsorption, so confirming the results of earlier studies in vitro. However, breath hydrogen studies on a separate group of eight healthy volunteers indicated that the difference in carbohydrate malabsorption between lentil, and wholemeal bread was insignificant. It is suggested that slowly digested carbohydrate foods, such as leguminous seeds, may minimize carbohydrate intolerance in patients with cirrhosis.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Rate of digestion of foods and postprandial glycaemia in normal and diabetic subjects.
- Author
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Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Ghafari H, Jenkins AL, Barker H, and Jenkins MJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Diabetes Mellitus blood, Female, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Intestinal Secretions metabolism, Jejunum, Male, Middle Aged, Saliva metabolism, Time Factors, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus metabolism, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism, Digestion
- Abstract
Carbohydrate portions (2 g) of lentils, soya beans, and wholemeal bread were incubated for three hours with human digestive juices and the effect of digestibility on blood glucose examined. Lentils and soya beans released only 39% and 8% respectively of the sugars and oligosaccharides liberated from bread. In healthy volunteers 50 g carbohydrate portions of cooked lentils and soya beans raised blood glucose concentrations by only 42% (p < 0.001) and 14% (p < 0.001) of the bread value. There was a similar response in diabetics. These results suggest that rate of digestion might be a important factor determining the rise in blood glucose concentration after a meal and that supplementing chemical analysis with in-vitro and in-vivo food testing might permit identification of especially useful foods for diabetics.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Effect of acarbose on the 24-hour blood glucose profile and pattern of carbohydrate absorption.
- Author
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Taylor RH, Jenkins DJ, Barker HM, Fielden H, Goff DV, Misiewicz JJ, Lee DA, Allen HB, MacDonald G, and Wallrabe H
- Subjects
- Acarbose, Circadian Rhythm, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Male, Middle Aged, Blood Glucose metabolism, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism, Trisaccharides pharmacology
- Abstract
Acarbose (Bay g 5421) is a powerful alpha-glucoside hydrolase inhibitor of potential value in the treatment of diabetes and hypoglycemic dumping syndrome after gastric surgery. The extent of its use may be limited by symptoms produced by carbohydrate malabsorption. To minimize these, the action of low doses of acarbose on 24-h blood glucose profiles and hydrogen evolution have been studied on four ambulant volunteers on control diets, after exclusion of sucrose and also after addition of guar in an attempt to enhance the therapeutic effect. Replacement of dietary sucrose by starch abolished significant hydrogen evolution in the morning after low doses of acarbose but did not reduce its effectiveness in decreasing the mean three-meal blood glucose area by 41% (P less than 0.002). Addition of hydrated guar to this diet reduced the mean three-meal glucose area after acarbose further by 72% (P less than 0.001) but increased hydrogen evolution. The results suggest that acarbose will be both effective and acceptable given at low dose when the dietary carbohydrate is starch.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange.
- Author
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Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Barker H, Fielden H, Baldwin JM, Bowling AC, Newman HC, Jenkins AL, and Goff DV
- Subjects
- Adult, Diet, Diabetic trends, Dietary Carbohydrates analysis, Dietary Fats metabolism, Dietary Fiber metabolism, Dietary Proteins metabolism, Female, Food Analysis, Humans, Male, Blood Glucose metabolism, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism
- Abstract
The determine the effect of different foods on the blood glucose, 62 commonly eaten foods and sugars were fed individually to groups of 5 to 10 healthy fasting volunteers. Blood glucose levels were measured over 2 h, and expressed as a percentage of the area under the glucose response curve when the same amount of carbohydrate was taken as glucose. The largest rises were seen with vegetables (70 +/- 5%), followed by breakfast cereals (65 +/- 5%), cereals and biscuits (60 +/- 3%), fruit (50 +/- 5%), dairy products (35 +/- 1%), and dried legumes (31 +/- 3%). A significant negative relationship was seen between fat (p less than 0.01) and protein (p less than 0.001) and postprandial glucose rise but not with fiber or sugar content.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Bioavailability to man of carbohydrate in foods.
- Author
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Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Barker HM, Fielden H, Baldwin JM, Newman HC, Bowling AC, and Goff DV
- Subjects
- Biological Availability, Edible Grain, Fruit, Humans, Vegetables, Blood Glucose metabolism, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism
- Published
- 1980
9. Relationship between rate of digestion of foods and post-prandial glycaemia.
- Author
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Jenkins DJ, Ghafari H, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Jenkins AL, Barker HM, Fielden H, and Bowling AC
- Subjects
- Adult, Eating, Edible Grain, Fabaceae, Female, Glucose, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Male, Maltose, Plants, Medicinal, Blood Glucose analysis, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber, Digestion
- Abstract
The amount of carbohydrate released at 1 and 5 h by digestion in vitro of 2 g carbohydrate portions of 14 foods by human digestive juices was compared with the area under the 2-h blood glucose response curve when 50 g carbohydrate portions were fed to groups of five to ten healthy volunteers. A significant relationship was found between the amounts of sugars and oligosaccharides liberated at 1 and 5 h and the food blood glucose area expressed as a percentage of the blood glucose area for 50 g glucose (r = 0.8627 and 0.8618, p less than 0.001). A significant relationship was also found between the glycaemic index and the food fibre content (p less than 0.02) and between the glycaemic index and the glucose trapping capacity of the foods (p less than 0.05). Legumes as a group liberated 56% less sugars and oligosaccharides (p less than 0.01) than the eight cereal foods over 5 h. It is suggested that such studies in vitro may help to identify food of use for diabetic patients, and at the same time throw further light on factors which affect post-prandial glycaemia.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Scope and specificity of acarbose in slowing carbohydrate absorption in man.
- Author
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Jenkins DJ, Taylor RH, Goff DV, Fielden H, Misiewicz JJ, Sarson DL, Bloom SR, and Alberti KG
- Subjects
- Acarbose, Adult, Blood Glucose metabolism, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide blood, Humans, Male, Dietary Carbohydrates, Glucosidases antagonists & inhibitors, Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors, Intestinal Absorption drug effects, Oligosaccharides pharmacology, Trisaccharides pharmacology
- Abstract
Fifty-gram carbohydrate tolerance tests were performed on healthy volunteers to test the activity and specificity of an alpha-glucoside hydrolase inhibitor, acarbose (BAY g 5421). Two hundred milligrams acarbose reduced the area under the blood glucose response curve by 89% (P less than 0.001) after sucrose by 80% (P less than 0.002) after starch, by 19% (N.S.) after maltose, with no effect on glucose. Breath hydrogen measurements indicated an almost complete malabsorption of the sucrose. At 50 mg acarbose, some reduction in blood glucose and insulin response to sucrose was still seen, but no significant hydrogen production. It is suggested that at lower doses, acarbose may prolong the time course over which carbohydrate is absorbed as does dietary fiber; as with fiber, it may be a useful adjunct to diabetic therapy.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Effect of fat and sugar at breakfast on blood glucose rises after lunch.
- Author
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Taylor RH, Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Griffiths CJ, Krzeminska K, Lawrie JA, and Bennett C
- Subjects
- Food, Humans, Time Factors, Blood Glucose metabolism, Dietary Carbohydrates pharmacology, Dietary Fats pharmacology
- Published
- 1980
12. Exceptionally low blood glucose response to dried beans: comparison with other carbohydrate foods.
- Author
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Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Barker HM, and Fielden H
- Subjects
- Blood Glucose analysis, Bread, Edible Grain, Female, Food, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Male, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism, Fabaceae, Plants, Medicinal
- Abstract
Normal volunteers took 50-g carbohydrate portions of eight varieties of dried legumes and 24 common foods drawn from grains, cereals and pasta, breakfast cereals, biscuits, and tuberous vegetables. Both the mean peak rise in blood glucose concentrations and mean area under the glucose curve of the subjects who ate beans were at least 45% lower than those of subjects who ate the other foods. These results suggest a potentially valuable role for dried leguminous seeds in carbohydrate exchanges for individuals with impaired carbohydrate tolerance.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Regulation of the absorption of dietary carbohydrate in man by two new glycosidase inhibitors.
- Author
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Taylor RH, Barker HM, Bowey EA, and Canfield JE
- Subjects
- 1-Deoxynojirimycin analogs & derivatives, Adult, Blood Glucose metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Glucosamine analogs & derivatives, Glucosamine pharmacology, Humans, Hydrogen metabolism, Imino Pyranoses, Male, Maltose metabolism, Starch metabolism, Substrate Specificity, Sucrose metabolism, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism, Glycoside Hydrolases antagonists & inhibitors, Intestinal Absorption drug effects
- Abstract
Two new reversible inhibitors of intestinal alpha-glycosidases (BAY m1099 & o1248) have been derived from deoxynojirimycin. Their inhibitory substrate specificity has been investigated in man using test meals of the dietary carbohydrates, sucrose, maltose, and starch. Both inhibitors abolished the postprandial glycaemic rise after sucrose and m1099 50 mg did after maltose and starch, whereas o1248 20 mg had no effect after maltose and only a small effect after starch. Breath hydrogen evolution, as an indirect measure of malabsorption, showed that the reduced glycaemic responses, particularly after sucrose, were associated with considerable substrate malabsorption. Dose response studies showed that lower doses of both inhibitors could reduce postprandial glycaemia significantly without causing malabsorption. Both inhibitors were tolerated well. These two new enzyme inhibitors have different substrate specificity in man and can, in appropriate dose, regulate postprandial glycaemia by selective inhibition of brush border enzymes without causing malabsorption. In addition to their therapeutic importance, they provide a valuable experimental model of specific intestinal enzyme deficiency states.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Slow release dietary carbohydrate improves second meal tolerance.
- Author
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Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Griffiths C, Krzeminska K, Lawrie JA, Bennett CM, Goff DV, Sarson DL, and Bloom SR
- Subjects
- Adult, Blood Glucose metabolism, Bread, Dietary Carbohydrates analysis, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism, Dietary Fiber analysis, Fabaceae, Female, Food Analysis, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide blood, Humans, Insulin blood, Male, Plants, Medicinal, Structure-Activity Relationship, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Food
- Abstract
Breakfasts of lentils or wholemeal bread of identical carbohydrate content were taken by seven healthy volunteers. The lentils produced a significant 71% (p less than 0.001) reduction in the blood glucose area and flattened the plasma insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses by comparison with the bread. In addition, the lentil breakfast was followed by a significantly flatter blood glucose response to the standard bread lunch which followed 4 h later (by 38%, p less than 0.01). The blood glucose pattern was mimicked by feeding the bread breakfast slowly over the 4 h before lunch. Giving a bread breakfast containing a quarter of the carbohydrate reduced the breakfast glucose profile but resulted in a significantly impaired blood glucose response to lunch (168% of control, p less than 0.01). These results, together with breath hydrogen studies, performed on a separate group of four volunteers, indicate that the flattened response to lentils is not due to carbohydrate malabsorption. Slow release or "lente" carbohydrate foods such as lentils may form a useful part of the diets of those with impaired carbohydrate tolerance.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Combined use of guar and acarbose in reduction of postprandial glycaemia.
- Author
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Jenkins DJ, Taylor RH, Nineham R, Goff DV, Bloom SR, Sarson D, and Alberti KG
- Subjects
- Adult, Cyclohexanols therapeutic use, Eating, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide blood, Glucagon-Like Peptides blood, Glycosides, Humans, Insulin blood, Intestinal Absorption, Male, Placebos, Blood Glucose antagonists & inhibitors, Cellulose therapeutic use, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Fiber therapeutic use, Galactans therapeutic use, Glucosidases antagonists & inhibitors, Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors, Hyperglycemia prevention & control, Mannans therapeutic use, Oligosaccharides therapeutic use, Polysaccharides therapeutic use, Trisaccharides therapeutic use
- Abstract
Symptoms associated with carbohydrate malabsorption limit the usefulness to diabetics of a powerful glycoside-hydrolase inhibitor (acarbose) which reduces postprandial glycaemia. Addition of a low dose (50 mg) of a acarbose together with 14.5 g guar gum to a breakfast test meal taken by 8 healthy volunteers reduced the mean peak rise in blood-glucose at 30 min by 70%. Areas under the insulin and gastrointestinal-polypeptide response curves were also greatly reduced. No evidence of carbohydrate malabsorption, as assessed by measurement of breath hydrogen, was found during any of the test periods. When acarbose was taken alone, 3 of the 8 subjects had troublesome symptoms and the 30 min rise in blood-glucose was reduced by only 28%. Thus, combination of these two agents effectively reduces the rate of carbohydrate absorption without increasing side-effects and may make combined acarbose and guar acceptable in the management of some diabetics.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Manipulation of gut hormone response to food by soluble fiber and alpha-glucosidase inhibition.
- Author
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Jenkins DJ, Taylor RH, Nineham R, Goff DV, Bloom SR, Sarson DL, Misiewicz JJ, and Alberti KG
- Subjects
- Acarbose, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide blood, Glucagon-Like Peptides blood, Humans, Insulin blood, Male, Blood Glucose metabolism, Dietary Carbohydrates administration & dosage, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Gastrointestinal Hormones blood, Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors, Trisaccharides administration & dosage
- Abstract
Preliminary data indicated that viscous fiber (guar) and alpha-glycosidase inhibition (acarbose) used in combination to slow carbohydrate absorption have an apparently additive effect in reducing the postprandial glycemic response. The full endocrine data reported here also demonstrate that reductions in insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide are most significant when guar and acarbose are used in combination. The results are divergent for enteroglucagon when guar and acarbose were given singly. Raised enterglucagon levels seen after acarbose are in keeping with inhibition of proximal absorption resulting in more distal absorption of carbohydrate. However, with viscous fiber, the enteroglucagon response was reduced, and this reduction was maintained even after addition of acarbose. The results demonstrate that the gut endocrine response can be manipulated by pharmacological interventions which alter the pattern of carbohydrate absorption.
- Published
- 1988
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