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Your search keyword '"Tammy Y. N. Tong"' showing total 4 results
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4 results on '"Tammy Y. N. Tong"'

1. Risk of cancer in regular and low meat-eaters, fish-eaters, and vegetarians: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank participants

Author

Cody Z. Watling, Julie A. Schmidt, Yashvee Dunneram, Tammy Y. N. Tong, Rebecca K. Kelly, Anika Knuppel, Ruth C. Travis, Timothy J. Key, and Aurora Perez-Cornago

Subjects
Diet, Vegetarian, Pescatarian, Colorectal, Breast, Prostate, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background Following a vegetarian diet has become increasingly popular and some evidence suggests that being vegetarian may be associated with a lower risk of cancer overall. However, for specific cancer sites, the evidence is limited. Our aim was to assess the associations of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets with risks of all cancer, colorectal cancer, postmenopausal breast cancer, and prostate cancer and to explore the role of potential mediators between these associations. Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of 472,377 UK Biobank participants who were free from cancer at recruitment. Participants were categorised into regular meat-eaters (n = 247,571), low meat-eaters (n = 205,385), fish-eaters (n = 10,696), and vegetarians (n = 8685) based on dietary questions completed at recruitment. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all cancer incidence and separate cancer sites across diet groups. Results After an average follow-up of 11.4 years, 54,961 incident cancers were identified, including 5882 colorectal, 7537 postmenopausal breast, and 9501 prostate cancers. Compared with regular meat-eaters, being a low meat-eater, fish-eater, or vegetarian were all associated with a lower risk of all cancer (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–1.00; 0.90, 0.84–0.96; 0.86, 0.80–0.93, respectively). Being a low meat-eater was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in comparison to regular meat-eaters (0.91, 0.86–0.96); however, there was heterogeneity in this association by sex (p = 0.007), with an inverse association across diet groups in men, but not in women. Vegetarian postmenopausal women had a lower risk of breast cancer (0.82, 0.68–0.99), which was attenuated and non-significant after adjusting for body mass index (BMI; 0.87, 0.72–1.05); in mediation analyses, BMI was found to possibly mediate the observed association. In men, being a fish-eater or a vegetarian was associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer (0.80, 0.65–0.99 and 0.69, 0.54–0.89, respectively). Conclusion The lower risk of colorectal cancer in low meat-eaters is consistent with previous evidence suggesting an adverse impact of meat intake. The lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in vegetarian women may be explained by their lower BMI. It is not clear whether the other differences observed for all cancers and for prostate cancer reflect any causal relationships or are due to other factors such as residual confounding or differences in cancer detection.

Published
2022
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3. Meat intake is associated with a higher risk of ulcerative colitis in a large European prospective cohort study

Author

Catherine Dong, Simon S M Chan, Prevost Jantchou, Antoine Racine, Bas Oldenburg, Elisabete Weiderpass, Alicia K Heath, Tammy Y N Tong, Anne Tjønneland, Cecilie Kyrø, Bas Bueno de Mesquita, Rudolf Kaaks, Verena A Katzke, Manuela M Bergman, Heiner Boeing, Domenico Palli, Giovanna Masala, Rosario Tumino, Carlotta Sacerdote, Sandra M Colorado-Yohar, Maria-Jose Sánchez, Olof Grip, Stefan Lindgren, Robert Luben, Inge Huybrechts, Marc J Gunter, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, and Franck Carbonnel

Subjects
CALIBRATION, Science & Technology, Meat, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, GUT MICROBIOTA, Gastroenterology, 1103 Clinical Sciences, General Medicine, Original Articles, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, CANCER, CROHNS-DISEASE, Diet, Crohn Disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Risk Factors, ACID, Vegetables, Animals, Humans, Colitis, Ulcerative, Prospective Studies, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE
Abstract

Background and Aims We aimed to investigate the association between protein intake and risk of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Methods A total of 413 593 participants from eight European countries were included. Dietary data were collected at baseline from validated food frequency questionnaires. Dietary data were calibrated to correct errors in measures related to each country-specific questionnaire. Associations between proteins [total, animal, and vegetable] or food sources of animal proteins, and IBD risk were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models. Results After a mean follow-up of 16 years, 177 patients with Crohn’s disease [CD] and 418 with ulcerative colitis [UC], were identified. There was no association between total protein, animal protein, or vegetable protein intakes and CD or UC risks. Total meat and red meat intakes were associated with UC risk (hazard ratio [HR] for the 4th vs 1st quartile = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99-1.98, p-trend = 0.01; and 1.61, 95% CI = 1.10-2.36, p-trend = 0.007, respectively]. There was no association between other food sources of animal protein [processed meat, fish, shellfish, eggs, poultry] and UC. We found no association between food sources of animal proteins and CD risk. Conclusions Meat and red meat consumptions are associated with higher risks of UC. These results support dietary counselling of low meat intake in people at high-risk of IBD.

Published
2022

4. Cross-sectional analyses of participation in cancer screening and use of hormone replacement therapy and medications in meat eaters and vegetarians: the EPIC-Oxford study

Author

Tammy Y N, Tong, Paul N, Appleby, Kathryn E, Bradbury, and Timothy J, Key

Subjects
Adult, Male, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Epidemiology, Research, Middle Aged, United Kingdom, Diet, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Seafood, Neoplasms, oncology, Animals, Humans, Female, Early Detection of Cancer, Aged, Vegetarians
Abstract

Objectives To examine differences in health-related behaviours such as screening or testing for cancer, use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and use of other medications in different diet groups. Design We studied 31 260 participants across four diet groups (18 155 meat eaters, 5012 fish eaters, 7179 vegetarians, 914 vegans) in the UK EPIC-Oxford cohort. Information was collected in 5-year (around 2000–2003) or 10-year (around 2007) follow-up questionnaires regarding participation in breast screening, cervical screening, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, use of HRT and use of medications for the past 4 weeks. Using Poisson regression, we estimated the prevalence ratios (PR) for each behaviour across people of different diet groups, using meat eaters as the reference group. Results Compared with meat eaters, vegetarian (PR: 0.94, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98) and vegan (PR: 0.82, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.95) women reported lower participation in breast screening, and vegetarian men were less likely to report PSA testing (PR: 0.82, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.96). No differences were observed among women for cervical screening. In women, all non-meat-eating groups reported lower use of HRT compared with meat eaters (P heterogeneity

Published
2017

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