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The present study is aimed at studying the energy and environmental performance at various engine loads (BMEP) with identical start of injection (SOI) for all fuel types. The combustion parameters for the fuel mixtures were analyzed using the AVL BOOST software (BURN subroutine). Five different blends were tested, consisting completely of renewable raw materials based on hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and fatty acid methyl ester (FE100), and the properties of diesel fuel (D) were compared with respect to these blends. The mixtures were mixed in the following proportions: FE25 (FE25HVO75), FE50 (FE50HVO50), FE75 (FE75HVO25). In this study, diesel exhaust was found to produce higher NOx values compared to FE blends, with HVO being the lowest. Hydrocarbon and smoke emissions were also significantly lower for blends than for diesel. Possible explanations are the physical properties and fatty acid composition of fuel mixtures, affecting injection and further combustion. The results showed that blends containing more unsaturated fatty acids release more nitrogen oxides, thus having a lower thermal efficiency compared to HVO. No essential differences in CO emissions between D and HVO were observed. An increase in this indicator was observed at low loads for mixtures with ester. CO2 was reduced in emissions for HVO compared to the aforementioned blends and diesel. The results of the combustion analysis show that with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, mixtures have a longer combustion time than diesel fuel.

Diesel-powered compression ignition (CI) engines use fossil fuels, which results in increasing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution. Chicken fat, which is attributed to renewable fuels, is one of possible alternatives to diesel. This Article presents an experimental comparative research at various speeds (from 60 km/h to 90 km/h), replacing diesel with chicken fat at 30%, 50%, 70% and 100%. Cold chicken fat is highly viscous, so fuel was heated. Measurements of volumetric fuel consumption and the analysis of pollutant (CO2, HC, NOx and smoke) concentration in engine exhausts were performed revealing that fuel consumption increases with increasing chicken fat concentration in fuel, and the Brake Thermal Efficiency of the engine decreases. CO2 concentration increases, but HC and NOx concentration and smoke decrease. This is due to a change in the combustion process and the chemical composition of fuel having replaced diesel with chicken fat.