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Introduction: Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are highly threatened in the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but evidence of risk factors for mortality in this population is still lacking.Methods: We followed outcomes of the overall MHD population of Wuhan, including 7154 MHD patients from 65 hemodialysis centers, from January 1 to May 4, 2020. Among them, 130 were diagnosed with COVID-19. The demographic and clinical data of them were collected and compared between survivors and nonsurvivors.Results: Compared to the corresponding period of last year, the all-cause mortality rate of the Wuhan MHD population significantly rose in February, and dropped down in March 2020. Of the 130 COVID-19 cases, 51 (39.2%) were deceased. Advanced age, decreased oxygen saturation, low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) on admission, and complications including acute cardiac injury (HR 5.03 [95% CI 2.21-11.14], p < 0.001), cerebrovascular event (HR 2.80 [95% CI 1.14-6.86], p = 0.025) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (HR 3.50 [95% CI 1.63-7.51], p = 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for the death of COVID-19. The median virus shedding period of survivors was 25 days, longer than the general population.Conclusions: Maintenance hemodialysis patients are a highly vulnerable population at increased risk of mortality and prolonged virus shedding period in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Advanced age, decreased oxygen saturation, low DBP on admission, and complications like acute cardiac injury are parameters independently associated with poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]