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2. Detection and Genetic Correlation Analysis of Diarrhea Cases and Norovirus in Oysters in Yantai, China

Author

Sun, Zhenlu, Niu, Peihua, Jin, Miao, Gao, Qiao, Wang, Ji, and Ma, Xuejun

Subjects
Diarrhea, China, Genotype, Norovirus, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Animals, Humans, RNA, Viral, Ostreidae, Caliciviridae Infections
Abstract

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the correlation between Norovirus (NoV), diarrhea, and raw oysters from the eastern coastal areas of Yantai, Shandong, China.MethodsMarine oysters were selected from the three aquatic markets in Laishan district, Yantai City, in March 2019. Meanwhile, 100 fecal samples were collected from patients with diarrhea from the same areas during the same period. Nucleic acids were extracted from these samples and detected by employing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for NoV GI/GII. The VP1 gene of the coat protein of NoV was amplified by semi-nested RT-PCR and sequenced. Sequence comparison of VP1 was performed with BioEdit software, and the evolutionary tree was constructed with Mega7.0 software.ResultsOf the 151 oysters, 42 (27.8%) were positive for NoV. Among them, 32 (21.2%) were GII-positive, 10 (6.6%) were GI-positive, and one GI VP1 sequence was obtained in the oyster samples. Of 100 fecal samples from patients with diarrhea, 38 were GII-positive and 17 were GI-positive. Totally, 19 GII VP 1 sequences and eight GI VP 1 sequences were obtained. Two G1 VP 1 sequences in two fecal samples showed 98.7% nucleotide sequence identity and 99.1% amino acid sequence identity G1 VP 1 acquired in the oyster sample.ConclusionsThe results suggest that oysters may be responsible for the spread of NoV in Yantai, Shandong province, China.

Published
2021

3. Aetiological Characteristics of Infectious Diarrhea in Yantai City, Shandong Province, China in 2017.

Author

Sun, Zhenlu, Xu, Jinjie, Niu, Peihua, Jin, Miao, Gao, Qiao, Zhang, Ruiqing, Wang, Ji, Zhang, Yong, and Ma, Xuejun

Subjects
*ROTAVIRUSES, *VIRAL diarrhea, *DIARRHEA, *VIBRIO parahaemolyticus, *POLYMERASE chain reaction, *LISTERIA monocytogenes
Abstract

This study aimed to analyse the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea in Yantai City, Shandong Province, China and provide a reference for its prevention and control. A total of 713 stool specimens collected within 3 days of diarrhea onset from January to December 2017 at secondary or higher hospitals in Yantai City were tested for 10 causative pathogens, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The top two rotaviruses and norovirus were analysed for typing and geographical distribution. The total positive rate was 46.56% (332/713), and 268 of 713 specimens contained at least one pathogen; 64 had at least two pathogens, accounting for 19.28% of the positive specimens (64/332). The positivity rates of rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NoVs) GI, norovirus (NoVs) GII, enterovirus universal (EV), enteric adenoviruses (EAdV), sapovirus (SaV), astrovirus (Astv), Salmonella (SE), Listeria monocytogenes (LiMo), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) were 20.06% (143/713), 1.82% (13/713), 12.84% (89/713), 10.66% (76/713), 4.07% (29/713), 0.42% (3/713), 2.38% (17/713), 1.54% (11/713), 1.82% (13/713), and 1.54% (11/713), respectively. Infectious diarrhea showed a high prevalence in young children aged 1-5 years, accounting for 48.6% of the total number of cases. Bacterial diarrhea was predominant in summer, and viral diarrhea was distributed throughout the year, without a significant seasonal pattern. Rotavirus is dominated by G9P, accounting for 81.82%, while norovirus is dominated by the GII type and has diverse characteristics. The aetiology of infectious diarrhea in Yantai is mainly viral, with RV, NoVs, EV, EAdV, and Astv being the most frequent pathogens. Continuous surveillance of infectious diarrhea diseases can help us understand its epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics, thereby taking targeted preventive and control measures in different seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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