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Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To describe the clinical and imaging features of intraventricular neoplasms. To illustrate some of those lesions using computed tomography and, especially, magnetic resonance imaging. To address the differential...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is the most sensitive imaging modality for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer and provides morphological as well as functional tumor information [1]. More vistas in breast MRI are being explored in...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: The ability to distinguish high grade meningiomas from low grade meningioma is important because of its impact on treatment decisions. Although proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has provided metabolic information in patients’...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between the observed trend of HP 13 C-MRI signal across normal kidney, renal oncocytoma (RO), chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), with markers of vascular...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: With the increasing frequency and number of PET studies in neuro oncology, the phenomenon of metabolic pseudoprogression of gliomas, accompanied or not by changes according to MRI data, have become increasingly revealed. In this regard, our task was...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, progressive muscle wasting disorder caused by mutations in the DMD gene that lead to the absence of the functional protein dystrophin. The pathological features of DMD include muscle degeneration and...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: The purpose of this study is to highlight the potential of magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) to differentiate aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To review the most frequent causes of neonatal seizures and their main imaging findings. To analyze the role of neuroimaging, including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, in the management of these patients. **This review will focus only on...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Present MRI pitfalls encountered in brain tumor imaging and key radiological points to assess correct...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Determinate fat fraction (%) in patients with fructosemia using different Magnetic Resonance (MR) techniques and see the correlation between...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is a detrimental disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with over 8 million deaths reported annually worldwide. Tubercular meningitis (TBM) is one of the most devastating forms of tuberculosis owing to the morbidity and...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Review the most frequent case of neuroimaging emgency. Refine one's reflexes to avoid...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: The study aims to describe different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns observed in a cohort of children with proven mitochondrial...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To illustrate the main Central Nervous System (CNS) manifestations of Type 1 Neurofibromatosis (NF1) – focusing on its magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: This presentation aims to provide an educational review of typical and atypical imaging features of meningiomas, making special emphasis on conventional and advanced MRI sequences. Also, we want to illustrate the main differential diagnoses of...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To be familiar with the imaging characteristics of various cerebral ring enhancing lesions (RELs) and to be able to differentiate one from...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Specify the MRI exploration protocol to search for radiation-induced brain lesions. Explain the pathophysiology of these lesions leading to a better understanding of imaging findings. Describe the imaging features of each post-radiation brain...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Role of MRI in rare type of multiple sclerosis - Tumefactive demyelination(TMD) mimicker of glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, lymphoma thus making accurate differentiation important. We discuss various focal and diffuse appearances of TMD with...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Aim of this study was to explore the dynamics of microstructure and brain metabolism parameters in children with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). We focused our attention on corpus callosum (CC) and...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Magnetic Resonance (MR) spectroscopy is a non-invasive imaging technique that can provide metabolite and biochemical information about the brain. MR spectroscopy is used to compare the chemical composition of normal brain tissue with abnormal...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To illustrate and describe salient radiological features of intraventricular CNS lesions on conventional and advanced MRI and CT. To elucidate that patients age, gender, location of lesion in the ventricular system are crucial to establish...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Afebrile seizures may occur in children of all ages, and often pose a challenge to the pediatrician in terms of cause, management, and prognosis. Therefore,we sought to evaluate patetrns of MRI findings in afebrile convulsive children, and to...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: To show how MRI assesses diagnosis of pediatric brainstem tumors and predicts malignancy to provide the optimal...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the world, impacting 2.1 million women each year, and is responsible for the highest number of cancer-related deaths among women. In 2018, it is estimated that 627,000 women died...

Clinical History: An 18-months old female child presented with macrocephaly and developmental delay. Patient was only child and had no siblings. Patient had normal birth history and had no history of previous hospital admission. On clinical examination macrocephaly was evident with delayed developmental mile stones. Patient was sent for MRI., 18 months, female

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: -Learning the different radiologic patterns of CNS involvement in behçet disease. - Recognizing the MR features of the different patterns of neuro-beçet disease, and the differential diagnosis for these features. -The role of the new MR techniques...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To recognize the normal MR anatomy of the basal ganglia and thalami Todiscuss the differential diagnosisof bilateral basal ganglia abnormalities with emphasis on causes related to patients in the pediatric age group To demostrate the MR features of...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To describe the very rare condition of isolated thrombosis of basal vein of Rosenthal, to point out the importance of CT and MR as diagnostic tools in detection of this condition and to discuss its potential...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: The critical biological characteristic of a Glioblastoma (GBM) is an inevitable progression after standard therapy with survival less than one year (mean 6,9 months) from the time of diagnosis. Tumor recurrence develops in almost all patients...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: The aim was to present the MRI features of multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: Brainstem lesions pose a significant diagnostic challenge, having a wide differential diagnosis on conventional MRI. Multiparametric MRI can increase diagnostic confidence by accurately differentiating between neoplastic, inflammatory or vascular...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: 1. To discuss the most common brain ring-enhancing lesions emphasizing the differential diagnosis. 2. To describe some important imaging characteristics that may help narrow the differential diagnosis. 3. To illustrate these lesions using computed...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To evaluate the main findings in hipoxic brain injury after postnatal cardiac arrest, both in CT and MRI. To document the timing of the imaging findings, as theycan change rapidlyafter the event, ranging from the earliest to the...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To describe method and benefit of the 3D high-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ( 1 H MRSI) with absolute quantification of the metabolites in a group of patients with suspected brain tumor...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: -Illustrate the medulloblastoma lesions findings on MRI and differential diagnoses on the MRI in the 15 years of experience of the Neuroradiology service of the Hospital of Clínicas of Porto Alegre - Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil. -Describe the most...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: Certain histological subtypes of meningiomas are associated with less favorable clinical outcomes corresponding to WHO grade II (atypical) and III (anaplastic) [1]. Atypical features by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: Most of the studies on the human brain focus only on adults. As the knowledge about children brain is neglected, it is important to fill this gap because the brain matures and changes during the lifespan [1, 2].Previous studies concerning brain sex...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: Previous research has shown that lifelong maturation of the human brain occurs in its morphology and structure of the tissue [1,2].However, less information is known about the changes in the brain biochemical composition, especially maturation from...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: Conventional techniques have low specificity and are not able to differentiate between low and high-grade CNS tumors.Spectroscopic, diffusion and perfusion techniques can increase the diagnostic specificity, allowing for up to 90% of precision in...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To evaluate the role of MR spectroscopy in the evaluation of neck lesions. To present correlation of MR spectroscopy with ultrasound imaging. To evaluate and describe the infections and tumors in the neck region on MR...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: Our main objectives are: Know the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Describe the most important neuroimaging findings in the context of classic PML including CT, MR, with diffusion-weighted and MR...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: Very important aspects of aging in all stages of life occur in the brain. Nowadays when the life expectancy is prolonged, it is necessary to know the processes associated with normal and abnormal brain aging. Brain pH value can provide some...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To demonstrate wide spectrum of clinical and MR imaging manifestations of uterine sarcomas with pathologic correlation, and review the advanced MR techniques in differential diagnosis, tumor staging, and addressing therapeutic strategy according to...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: During the whole prenatal period a number of interesting changes occur in the fetal brain [1,2]. Beginning with the 18th week of gestation, brain is big enough in order to be studied using magnetic resonance (MR) methods [3]. Structural and volume...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system of young adults. the clinical course of MS is extremly variable. In about 85% of MS cases, the patients presents with a...

Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis, male, 32 years, Clinical History: A 32 year old male patient presented with complaints of sudden loss of consciousness and right sided weakness since 2 days. Patient had chronic cough with expectoration, low grade fever and weight loss since last 6 months. Final Diagnosis: Pontine Tuberculoma

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To understand the complex imaging anatomy of the neuro- ophthalmological relay pathway. To review the imaging appearances of the diverse spectrum of neoplastic and non- neoplastic lesions that can cause binocular...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: Joints are the main target of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however RA is a systemic inflammatory process that can also affect central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive spectrum of intracranial MRI findings in...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: The global prevalence of dementia is estimated to be 24 million and likely to double every 20 years. [1] AD (Alzheimer’s disease) is the most common primary neurodegenerative disease but usually coexists with other pathologies associated with...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: To prospectively evaluate the value of single proton MR-spectroscopy (MRS) in differential diagnosis of ovarian...